Exquisite Hour Booklet
Transcription
Exquisite Hour Booklet
476 5282 Let us dream! This is the moment... A vast, tender calmness seems to be descending from the heavens iridescent with stars... This is the exquisite hour. GABRIEL FAURÉ REYNALDO HAHN 1875-1947 1 A Chloris (To Chloris) 3’11 $ Après un rêve (After a Dream), Op. 7 No. 1 2’58 % Soupir (Sigh) 2’27 ^ Infidélité (Infidelity) 3’17 2’45 & Chanson écossaise (Scottish Song) 3’05 HENRI DUPARC 1848-1933 GABRIEL FAURÉ 1845-1924 2 Clair de lune (Moonlight), Op. 46 No. 2 3’30 REYNALDO HAHN GEORGES BIZET 1838-1875 3 Chanson d’avril (April Song) 2’44 MAURICE RAVEL 1875-1937 REYNALDO HAHN 4 L’Enamourée (The Adored One) 5 L’Heure exquise (The Exquisite Hour) GABRIEL FAURÉ Poème d’un jour (Poem of a Day), Op. 21 6 Rencontre (Meeting) 7 Toujours (Forever) 8 Adieu (Farewell) ANONYMOUS * L’Amour de moi (My Love) ( Mignonne, allons voir si la rose 2’30 1’11 2’25 CLAUDE DEBUSSY 1862-1938 9 Romance – L’Ame évaporée et souffrante (The Spent and Suffering Soul) 2’09 JULES MASSENET 1842-1912 0 Elégie (Elegy) 2’34 CAMILLE SAINT-SAËNS 1835-1921 ! Aimons-nous (Let Us Love One Another) 4’15 CHARLES KOECHLIN 1867-1950 @ Si tu le veux (If You’d Like To), Op. 5 No. 5 2’35 1’36 2’03 (Sweetheart, Let Us Go and See if the Rose) ) Laissez-moi planter le mai (Let Me Come A-Courting) MAURICE RAVEL ¡ Trois beaux oiseaux du Paradis (Three Lovely Birds of Paradise) 2’55 HENRI DUPARC ™ Extase (Ecstasy) 3’42 CLAUDE DEBUSSY # Mandoline (Mandolin) 1’30 FRANCIS POULENC 1899-1963 Deux poèmes de Louis Aragon (Two Poems by Louis Aragon), Op. 122 ¢ C 2’47 ∞ Fêtes galantes (Courtly Entertainment) 0’55 Total Playing Time GEORGES BIZET £ Absence 4’39 David Hobson tenor David McSkimming piano 2 2’10 1’48 3 68’09 A French Song Recital You called me and I left the earth to fly away with you towards the light. The heavens for us opened a little to reveal their unknown, naked splendours, glimpses of divine light... 4 French song in the 19th and early 20th centuries From Renaissance times onwards French vocal music has displayed a character of its own quite different from that of other countries. The French language itself was undoubtedly a major part of the reason for this difference, together with what seems to have been a natural impulse on the part of a cultivated society to regard music as a relaxing diversion from serious intellectual and political concerns. A preference for music that is elegant, charming and suave is a French trait, with hints also of good-natured humour – particularly in the earlier period and in some of the songs of the early 20th century. The French chansons of the Renaissance (from which are taken three of the anonymous songs on this program) are in contrast to the intense fervour of the late 16th-century Italian madrigal, as are the courtly French airs of the next century different from the Italian arias of that same period. So, too, 19th-century French song usually retains an essentially gallic expression, despite the profound influence of Schubert’s songs at the time its Romantic character was being formed. Because most of the works in this recital come from the 19th and early 20th centuries, it may be useful to comment on the development of French song during this period. Most of the songs in this program are of the kind which the French call mélodie, a word as ambiguous as its German counterpart, the Lied. Yet through usage both words have come to be associated with particular styles of 19th-century Romantic song. While the term Lieder in Germany enjoyed currency from the 18thcentury onwards, that of mélodie only came into fashion in France after 1830, probably as a result of Berlioz’s Neuf mélodies of that year in which he set translated texts of some of Thomas Moore’s Irish Melodies. Before that time the songs heard in the drawing-rooms and fashionable salons in Paris were the so-called romances. Characterised by tender lyricism, they were essentially strophic (or verse-repeating) in form and their musical style was that of the previous century – the Classical period dominated by Haydn and Mozart – but in its simplest and most unremarkable manner. They were often wedded to mawkishly sentimental texts, with no hint of anything that could offend prudish taste. Originality had no place in the ‘pure-blood’ romance. Yet it was the startingpoint of Romantic French song that was to reach its apogee in the mélodies of Fauré, Duparc and Debussy. To understand this we need to look at the influences that were to transform the simple romance into the more sophisticated mélodie. 5 As the Lied was inspired by German Romantic poetry, so too did French song blossom at a time when French poets were flinging aside the centuries-old conventions of classical poetry, creating a style which caught the spirit of the new age – that of romantisme. The poet Lamartine rejoiced that he had brought poetry ‘down from Parnassus, and in place of a sevenstringed lyre had given to the so-called muse, the very cords of man’s heart, touched and set in motion by the countless tremblings of the soul and of nature.’ If it was Lamartine who extended poetic vocabulary well beyond the limitations which had been placed upon it by classical writers from the 17th century onwards, it was Victor Hugo, de Musset and others who created new forms to carry the fervent message of the new school of French Romantic poetry. One of the earliest composers to respond to the poetic stimulus was the Swiss-born Louis Niedermeyer whose beautiful setting of Lamartine’s Le Lac (The Lake), published in Paris shortly after the composer’s arrival there in 1823, was later hailed by Saint-Saëns as marking out the path for Gounod and all who followed. society with its description of the pale brown breasts of the Andalusian woman, also alienated conservative poets by introducing words strikingly new to the form and upsetting the smooth euphony that had been the feature of the classical style. Monpou’s setting underlined the spirit of the poem through its strumming bolero rhythm, its cross-accents and some striking dissonances. The romance had never seen the like! So, too, did Berlioz’s earliest songs set the romance in a new direction. While traditional romances continued to pour out by the thousands until mid-century – to meet the demand of drawing-room recitalists and their chosen audiences – the more serious-minded composers were becoming aware that there could be more to the simple form than its tender and mellifluous melodies. The romance was on its way to a transformation. The most powerful influence on it and on French song generally, however, was to come from abroad when Parisians discovered the songs of Schubert. It was the celebrated French opera singer Adolphe Nourrit who first championed Schubert’s songs in France during the early 1830s. Nourrit’s biographer describes how the singer came in late to a salon where Liszt was playing his arrangement of Erlkönig and was so overcome by the force of the music that he asked for it to be played again. To which Liszt replied: ‘Why don’t you sing it?’ From there on Nourrit seized every opportunity to sing Schubert’s songs (in A striking example of the parallel changes in French poetry and French song is found in a romance by the almost forgotten Hippolyte Monpou (a composer whom the French writer Gautier placed alongside Berlioz as being one of the first Romantic composers in France). De Musset’s poem L’Andalouse, scandalising polite 6 French), inspiring a number of other fine French singers to do the same. At this same time the Parisian music publisher Richaut signed a contract with the late composer’s publisher Diabelli that enabled him to publish all Schubert’s available songs in a French edition, including all the words in translation. Performances – and now all the available scores – led to a wide appreciation of Schubert’s songs in France. Indeed, it was the first country outside the German-speaking ones to champion them. Inevitably this had a profound influence over song writing in France. To be called ‘the French Schubert’ (as were at least three composers) was an enviable soubriquet! The encounter with Schubert’s songs led to a more expanded vocal line, greater harmonic warmth and more interesting piano accompaniments. Yet the hallmark of the romance – its mellifluous lyricism – remained intact. It’s not surprising that this led to considerable overlap in terminology. The more imaginative and subtle songs were usually called mélodies, the simpler ones romances. Some of the more demanding songs were even called Lieder! Different terminology was quite often applied to the same song – an understandable confusion in a genre in which there was a mixture of elements. Generally, however, the term mélodie became more and more associated with songs of real artistic worth, whether simple or subtle. extraordinarily rich repertoire of those which preceded them – by Louis Niedermeyer, Victor Massé, Félicien David, Camille Saint-Saëns, Charles Gounod, Georges Bizet, Edouard Lalo, Jules Massenet and others. These composers, usually known better for their more extended works, produced some of the fine flowers of Romantic French song. They developed the garden in which grew the rarefied blooms of the later generation of composers mentioned above. The poet Baudelaire once described the Beautiful as quelque chose d’ardent et de triste, quelque chose d’un peu vague, laissant carrière à la conjecture…Le mystère, le regret sont aussi des caractères du Beau: ‘something passionate and sad, something a little vague, leaving room for conjecture… Mystery and regret are also characteristics of the Beautiful’ (Journaux intimes). Nothing could better describe the atmosphere of the songs created by Fauré, Duparc and Debussy during the last two decades of the 19th century. Yet some composers, notably Koechlin and Hahn, were content to continue in the style of the earlier Romantic French songs, creating attractive lyrical works that still enchant their audiences today. In contrast, Maurice Ravel took his starting point not from Massenet or Saint-Saëns, but from Debussy, investing the latter’s style, however, with sharper edges and more piercing, yet exquisite, dissonances. The wonderful songs of Fauré, Duparc and Debussy have tended to overshadow the 7 The songs and their composers The youngest of the composers represented in this recital is Francis Poulenc, who, though not an ‘avant-gardist’, belongs more firmly in the 20th century than do the others already mentioned. An indication of the changed artistic climate in the early 20th century lies in many of the texts by writers such as Cocteau, Apollinaire, Collette and Aragon and others associated with the modern trends of that time. Gone are the scenes of swooning or betrayed lovers and moonlit gardens. In their place may be satirical, ironic or even surrealist texts, some of which Poulenc chose to set. Yet like his teacher Koechlin (to whom he turned to develop his technical skills), Poulenc still regarded melody as the chief element of song. The three ‘Anonymous’ songs on this recording are modern arrangements for voice and piano of melodies from the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries that were originally published either for solo voice (with or without lute accompaniment) or for vocal ensemble. Melodies such as L’Amour de moi and Laissez-moi planter le mai are found in many collections of the day, most usually without the name of a composer. The most famous text of the three is Mignonne, allons voir si la rose by the 16th-century French poet Pierre Ronsard, which was set to music a number of times. The melody sung here comes from a collection of anonymous popular tunes called voix de ville published in 1576. French mélodie is usually regarded as the counterpart to German Lieder, and in a general sense this is true. However, whereas Lieder scarcely ever left the portals of high art, mélodie cast many a look – in the 19th century, at the source which nurtured it, the salon, and in the early 20th century, at the cabaret. Yet, so tastefully were these reconciled that one must grant to French song the attribute of real art throughout its long and varied development. It presents us with music that can touch our heart profoundly or our nerves sensuously, offer us smiling charm or – unashamedly – delightful and sometimes satirical entertainment. What more can one want! Camille Saint-Saëns and Jules Massenet were the towering figures who established French Romantic song – hovering as it did between romance and mélodie – as an art-form to be taken seriously. During their long careers songwriting occupied them from their earliest to their last years, and some of their songs have established such a place in the mainstream that it would hard to imagine the repertoire without them. Not only did their songs exert a strong influence on other composers, they themselves as teachers moulded the style of many a young composer. Fauré was a student of Saint-Saëns and Hahn a student of Massenet – to mention just two of those represented in this program. The primacy of beautifully shaped melody, 8 perhaps his most famous melody. About the same time he composed three short songs under the title of Poème d’un jour: Rencontre, Toujours and Adieu, the first two heralding the musical wonders to come with their flowing accompaniments and breathtakingly beautiful harmonies underlining the expressive and at times rapturous vocal lines. The third of these songs is a witty musical translation of a poem dealing with the lover comforting himself with the knowledge that in life – as in love – all things are transitory. catching the nuances of the text, can be heard in the songs of master and student alike. SaintSaëns’ Aimons-nous and Massenet’s Elégie are perfect examples of French Romantic lyricism. The seeming modernity of Carmen by Georges Bizet makes us sometimes forget that he was a contemporary of Saint-Saëns and Massenet. A prodigiously gifted pianist, he was drawn to song-writing early in his career. With a father well-known as a singing teacher, it is not surprising that Bizet knew how to write superbly for the voice. The two songs on this disc, both in verse-repeating form, were composed towards the end of his tragically short life, the passionate longing and hopeless sadness of Absence forming a stark contrast to Chanson d’avril with its rustling piano part accompanying a melody brimming with joy at the approach of Spring. The output of songs by Henri Duparc is in striking contrast to that of his contemporaries. He composed only thirteen songs – between 1868 and 1884 – after which he abandoned composition altogether. Duparc’s long life was blighted by a neurasthenic condition, which, however, seems to have heightened his sensitivity to words and music. His style is invariably linked to that of Fauré and Debussy. Yet, as well as sharing elements with their songs, Duparc’s also reflect his love of Wagner’s music, as in the touches of chromatic harmony in Soupir. Extase, however, is unmistakably French in inspiration, evoking the scene of the lover in a trance-like ecstasy as he rests upon his beloved’s breast. Gabriel Fauré was only ten years younger than his teacher Saint-Saëns. Not surprisingly, his early songs were charming romances, but as his musical gifts developed so this style was gradually transformed into mélodies of striking originality. By the 1880s he was composing those works which are amongst the best-loved songs of the French repertoire, such as Clair de lune, its piano part outlining a melody which rivals that of the voice. It was just before this time that he composed a song to an anonymous Italian text Levati sol que la luna è levata translated by Bussine as Après un rêve, With the songs of Claude Debussy we come to an even more rarefied world of musical sensation, although the two songs presented here were composed just before his unique 9 explorations into combining word with note. Like all French song writers of the period Debussy was indebted to the romance style in his earliest pieces, which gradually assumed more subtlety and sophistication. It was in 1882 through his setting of Mandoline by Verlaine (who was to inspire some of the composer’s finest songs) that Debussy sounded a more individual note. A Watteau-like scene of mandolin players surrounded by lovers – some elegantly dressed, some like nymphs with their shepherds, the vibrant night air alive with expectant pleasures and – surely with such lively rhythms – dancing. Though written three years later, his Romance (L’âme évaporée et souffrante) returns to the earlier style. taste. In a series of lectures he gave at the Université des Annales during 1913-14 he stated that ‘what constitutes the true beauty, prize and purpose of song is the indissoluble union of sound and thought.’ He reached this ideal, not through the innovative techniques of Fauré and Debussy, but through the models of his teacher Massenet. In the first of the four Hahn songs on this disc (A Chloris – to a poem by the late Renaissance poet Théophile de Viau) the nobility of the vocal line, reflecting the lover’s reverence for his beloved, is heightened by a Bach-like adagio set against it in the piano part. The nostalgia of the other songs – L’Enamourée, L’Heure exquise and Infidélité – further reveals Hahn’s gift for catching the mood of the texts and for creating extremely beautiful, if conventional, songs. Charles Koechlin studied composition at the Paris Conservatoire first under Massenet and then under Fauré. It is not surprising then that his first pieces were songs in the style of the mid-century Romantic tradition, as found in Si tu le veux. It was composed around 1897 at the beginning of a long period of song-writing, with no hint of the far more complex style evident in the orchestral works which made his reputation later in his long life. Over ten years younger than Debussy, Maurice Ravel developed a personal – and very French – style. Although, in reference to his Histoires naturelles (1906), he once claimed that in performance the singer should give the impression of reciting rather than singing, his musical interests were so wide and his technique so assured he could move effortlessly from one style to another as appropriate. In 1910 he competed in an international competition organised by the Maison du Lied in Moscow for arrangements of folksongs. He submitted seven arrangements, four of which (Spanish, French, Italian and Hebraic folksongs) were awarded Although Reynaldo Hahn was Venezuelan by birth he was brought up in the French capital and was Parisian in every sense. A pianist, singer and composer, his large circle of artistic friends included leading poets and actors, so it is not surprising that his songs reveal fastidious 10 fast’. Perhaps, too, this song is as quintessentially French as the earlier songs in this program, exchanging the now-lost tradition of the salon for a modern gallic institution – the cabaret or café chanson. Also by Louis Aragon is the curiously entitled song C, set to a poem called Les Ponts de Cé (The Bridges of Cé, a small town in the Loire Valley). The text tells of songs, from ancient times to the present, that sang of countless armies which tramped over these bridges, leaving behind scenes of desolation each time. Perhaps its message is all the more telling and universal because the music catches something of the popular style, not in its rhythm, but in the sophisticated and lush chords that are found so often in the scores of Gershwin and others. The deserved success of Poulenc’s songs owes a good deal to Pierre Bernac, singer and close friend of the composer, who championed them over many years. prizes and published first in Moscow and later in Paris under the title Chants populaires. Of the remaining three only the Scottish Song, Ye banks and braes o’ bonnie Doon, has been published – as late as 1975 – in an edition made from various sketches found after Ravel’s death. The accompaniment is delicate, with tiny brushstrokes of harmony instantly recognisable by admirers of his music as ‘Ravellian’. Trois beaux oiseaux du Paradis is another arrangement, this time of one of his own works: the middle movement of his Trois Chansons originally composed for unaccompanied mixed chorus, set to his own words. He re-arranged it for solo voice with piano accompaniment. At the end, one of the three beautiful ‘Birds of Paradise’ brings a sadly symbolic message to the girl waiting to hear news of her soldier-lover. Evoking a haunting melancholy, it is one of those simple and affecting melodies that could come from almost any age. David Tunley Nothing could better point up the difference between the songs of Francis Poulenc and those of his 19th-century predecessors than their texts. Vanished are the Watteau-like scenes of courtiers and their beautiful ladies in idealised rusticity as in Verlaine’s Fêtes galantes (set to music by both Fauré and Debussy). In Louis Aragon’s poem of the same name the scene is a surrealist street of pimps and marquesses on bicycles and a loud motley of the passing parade. It’s a patter-song to be sung ‘incredibly Former Head of the Department of Music at the University of Western Australia, David Tunley was elected Professor Emeritus in 1994. His writings on the French song repertoire include the sixvolume annotated edition Romantic French Song 1830–1870 and the article on Mélodie in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. His book Salons, Singers, and Songs – A Background to Romantic French Song 1830-1870 was published in London in 2002. 11 1 A Chloris To Chloris If it is true, Chloris, that you love me, (and I hear that you love me very much,) then I do not believe that even kings can enjoy happiness to match mine. How tiresome would Death be, coming to exchange my good fortune for the pleasure of the heavens! For all they say about ambrosia, it doesn’t stir my imagination as does the favour bestowed by your eyes. S’il est vrai, Chloris, que tu m’aimes, (Mais j’entends, que tu m’aimes bien,) Je ne crois pas que les rois mêmes Aient un bonheur pareil au mien. Que la mort serait importune A venir changer ma fortune Pour la félicité des cieux! Tout ce qu’on dit de l’ambroisie Ne touche point ma fantaisie Au prix des grâces de tes yeux. Théophile de Viau 3 Chanson d’avril Comme un regard joyeux, est pleine de soleil! April Song Get up! Get up! Spring has just been born! Over there, over the valleys, floats a tracery of vermillion! Everything is trembling in the garden, everything is singing, and your window, like a face beaming with joy, is full of sunshine! Du côté des lilas aux touffes violettes, Mouches et papillons bruissent à la fois; Et le muguet sauvage, ébranlant ses clochettes, A réveillé l’amour endormi dans les bois! Around the violet-tufted lilacs, flies and butterflies are humming together; and the wild lily-of-the-valley, shaking its bells, has woken love from his sleep in the woods! Lève-toi! lève-toi! le printemps vient de naître! Là-bas, sur les vallons, flotte un réseau vermeil! Tout frissonne au jardin, tout chante et ta fenêtre, Since April has sown the meadows with her white daisies, Laisse ta mante lourde et ton manchon frileux; leave your heavy coat and your winter muff; Déjà l’oiseau t’appelle, et tes sœurs les pervenches already the birds are calling to you, and in the grass Te souriront dans l’herbe en voyant tes yeux bleus! your sisters the periwinkles will smile to see your blue eyes! Puisqu’avril a semé ses marguerites blanches, 2 Clair de lune Jouant du luth et dansant, et quasi Tristes sous leurs déguisements fantasques! Moonlight Your soul is a chosen landscape where mummers and maskers go about working their magic, playing the lute and dancing, almost sad beneath their fantastical disguises! Tout en chantant, sur le mode mineur, L’amour vainqueur et la vie opportune, Ils n’ont pas l’air de croire à leur bonheur, Et leur chanson se mêle au clair de lune! Even as they sing, in the minor mode, of love the conqueror and life’s good fortune, they seem not to believe in their happiness, and their song mingles with the moonlight! Au calme clair de lune, triste et beau, Qui fait rêver les oiseaux dans les arbres, Et sangloter d’extase les jets d’eau, Les grands jets d’eau sveltes parmi les marbres! ...with the calm moonlight, sad and lovely, which makes the birds dream in the trees and the arching water sob with ecstasy, the great, slender jets of water among the marble statues! Votre âme est un paysage choisi, Que vont charmant masques et bergamasques Paul Verlaine 12 Viens, partons! au matin, la source est plus limpide; Lève-toi! viens, partons! N’attendons pas du jour les brûlantes chaleurs; Je veux mouiller mes pieds dans la rosée humide, Et te parler d’amour sous les poiriers en fleurs! Come, let us go! In the morning, the spring is clearer; Get up! Come, let’s go! Let’s not wait for the burning heat of the day; I want to wet my feet in the moist dew, and speak to you of love beneath the flowering pear-trees! Louis Bouilhet 4 L’ Enamourée The Adored One They tell themselves, my dove, that, even dead, you dream beneath the tombstone: but for the soul which adores you, you awaken again to life, O my pensive beloved! Ils se disent, ma colombe, Que tu rêves, morte encore, Sous la pierre d’une tombe: Mais pour l’âme qui t’adore, Tu t’éveilles, ranimée, O pensive bien-aimée! 13 Par les blanches nuits d’étoiles, Dans la brise qui murmure, Je caresse tes longs voiles, Ta mouvante chevelure, Et tes ailes demicloses Qui voltigent sur les roses! In nights white with stars, in the murmuring breeze, I stroke your long veils, your drifting hair, and your half-closed wings fluttering on the roses! O délices! je respire Tes divines tresses blondes! Ta voix pure, cette lyre, Suit la vague sur les ondes, Et, suave, les effleure, Comme un cygne qui se pleure! O delights! I breathe deeply of your divine blond tresses! Your pure voice is a lyre that follows the swelling waves and gently ruffles them, like a weeping swan! Théodore de Banville 5 L’Heure exquise La lune blanche Luit dans les bois; De chaque branche Part une voix Sous la ramée... O bien-aimée. The Exquisite Hour The white moon shines in the woods; from each branch comes a voice beneath the interlacing branches... O beloved. L’étang reflète, Profond miroir, La silhouette Du saule noir Où le vent pleure... Rêvons! c’est l’heure... The lagoon, a deep mirror, reflects the silhouette of the black willow in whose branches the wind weeps... Let us dream! This is the moment... Un vaste et tendre Apaisement Semble descendre Du firmament Que l’astre irise... C’est l’heure exquise. A vast, tender calmness seems to be descending from the heavens iridescent with stars... This is the exquisite hour. Paul Verlaine 14 Poem of a Day Meeting I was sad and thoughtful when I met you; today I feel my stubborn torment less. Oh tell me, could you be the woman unhoped-for, and the ideal dream, pursued in vain? Poème d’un jour 6 Rencontre J’étais triste et pensif quand je t’ai rencontrée; Je sens moins aujourd’hui mon obstiné tourment. O dis-moi, serais-tu la femme inespérée, Et le rêve idéal poursuivi vainement? Et vas-tu rayonner sur mon âme affermie, Comme le ciel natal sur un cœur d’exilé? O gentle-eyed passer-by, could you be the friend to bring happiness once again to the poet in his solitude? And will you shine on my obdurate soul as native skies warm a banished heart? Ta tristesse sauvage, à la mienne pareille, Aime à voir le soleil décliner sur la mer. Devant l’immensité ton extase s’éveille, Et le charme des soirs à ta belle âme est cher. Your untamed sadness, a mirror to mine, loves to watch the sun sink over the sea. Your ecstasy awakens in the face of such immensity, and evening’s enchantment is dear to your fair soul. Une mystérieuse et douce sympathie Déjà m’enchaîne à toi comme un vivant lien, Et mon âme frémit, par l’amour envahie Et mon cœur te chérit sans te connaître bien. Already a soft, mysterious warmth joins me to you in a living bond and my soul trembles, overrun by love, and my heart treasures you, though it barely knows you. O passante aux doux yeux, serais-tu donc l’amie Qui rendrait le bonheur au poète isolé? 7 Toujours Forever You ask me to hold my tongue, to flee far from you forever, and to go away, alone, without remembering who it was that I loved! Ask rather the stars to fall into the void, the night to lose its dark veils, the day to lose its brightness; ask the wide sea to dry up its vast floods and, when the winds are at the peak of their madness, to calm its dark sobbing! Vous me demandez de me taire, De fuir loin de vous pour jamais, Et de m’en aller, solitaire, Sans me rappeler qui j’aimais! Demandez plutôt aux étoiles De tomber dans l’immensité, A la nuit de perdre ses voiles, Au jour de perdre sa clarté, Demandez à la mer immense De dessécher ses vastes flots, Et, quand les vents sont en démence, D’apaiser ses sombres sanglots! 15 But do not hope that my soul will tear itself free from its bitter sorrows, and shed its passion as the spring casts off its flowers! Mais n’espérez pas que mon âme S’arrache à ses âpres douleurs, Et se dépouille de sa flamme Comme le printemps de ses fleurs! 8 Adieu Farewell How quickly everything dies; the rose’s petals unfurled, and the fresh, dappled coats of the fields; the long sighs, the sweethearts: puffs of smoke! In this fickle world, we see them change more quickly than the waves on the shore, our dreams! More quickly than frost on flowers, our hearts! I believed myself true to you, cruel one, but alas! The longest loves are brief! And as I leave your charms, I say without tears, almost at the very moment I confessed my love, farewell! Comme tout meurt vite, la rose Déclose, Et les frais manteaux diaprés Des prés; Les longs soupirs, les bien-aimées, Fumées! On voit dans ce monde léger Changer Plus vite que les flots des grèves, Nos rêves! Plus vite que le givre en fleurs, Nos cœurs! A vous l’on se croyait fidèle, Cruelle, Mais hélas! les plus longs amours Sont courts! Et je dis en quittant vos charmes, Sans larmes, Presqu’au moment de mon aveu, Adieu! Charles Grandmougin 9 Romance Romance The spent and suffering soul, the gentle soul, the fragrant soul of the holy lilies I picked in the garden of your thoughts: where then has the wind driven it, this lovely soul of the lilies? L’âme évaporée et souffrante, L’âme douce, l’âme odorante Des lis divins que j’ai cueillis Dans le jardin de ta pensée, Où donc les vent l’ont-ils chassée Cette âme adorable des lis? 16 Does no perfume remain of the heavenly sweetness of the days when you enveloped me in a transcendent mist of hope, faithful love, blessing and peace? N’est-il plus un parfum qui reste De la suavité céleste Des jours où tu m’enveloppais D’une vapeur surnaturelle Faite d’espoir, d’amour fidèle, De béatitude et de paix? Paul Bourget 0 Elégie O doux printemps d’autrefois, Vertes saisons, vous avez fui pour toujours! Je ne vois plus le ciel bleu, Je n’entends plus les chants joyeux des oiseaux!... En emportant mon bonheur, O bien-aimé, tu t’en es allé! Et c’est en vain que revient le printemps! Oui! sans retour, avec toi, le gai soleil, Les jours riants sont partis! Comme en mon cœur tout est sombre et glacé! Tout est flétri! Pour toujours! Louis Gallet ! Aimons-nous Elegy O sweet springtides of former times, seasons of green, you have fled forever! No more do I see the blue sky, No more do I hear the joyous singing of the birds! You carried my happiness away with you when you left, O my beloved! And the spring returns in vain. Yes! Never to return, the bright sunshine, the laughing days are gone away with you! How dark and icy it is in my heart! Everything is withered! Forever! Aimons-nous et dormons Sans songer au reste du monde! Ni le flot de la mer, ni l’ouragan des monts Tant que nous nous aimons Ne courbera ta tête blonde, Car l’Amour est plus fort Que les Dieux et la Mort! Let Us Love One Another Let us love one another and sleep with no thought for the rest of the world! As long as we love each other, neither the sea’s flood nor the mountain’s tempest will bow your blond head, for Love is stronger than the Gods and Death! Le soleil s’éteindrait Pour laisser ta blancheur plus pure. Le vent qui jusqu’à terre incline la forêt, En passant n’oserait Jouer avec ta chevelure, Tant que tu cacheras Ta tête entre mes bras! The sun will extinguish its rays to leave your pale beauty the purer. The wind, which bends the forest to the ground, will not dare to play with your hair as it passes, while you hide your head in my arms! 17 And when our two hearts depart for the happy spheres where heavenly lilies will open beneath our tears, then, like the flowers, let us join our loving lips and try to outlast Death in a kiss! Et lorsque nos deux cœurs S’en iront aux sphères heureuses Où les célestes lys écloront sous nos pleurs, Alors, comme des fleurs Joignons nos lèvres amoureuses, Et tâchons d’épuiser La Mort dans un baiser! Théodore de Banville @ Si tu le veux If You’d Like To If you’d like to, O my love, this evening as soon as the day’s end is come, when the stars spring up and set their nails of gold in the blue floor of the heavens, we will go, the two of us alone, as lovers in the rich, dark night, without anyone seeing us, and tenderly I will tell you a love song which I will fill with all my joy. Si tu le veux, ô mon amour, Ce soir dès que la fin du jour Sera venue, Quand les étoiles surgiront, Et mettront des clous d’or au fond Bleu de la nue Nous partirons seuls tous les deux Dans la nuit brune en amoureux, Sans qu’on nous voie Et tendrement je te dirai Un chant d’amour où je mettrai Toute ma joie. But when you return home, if anyone asks you why, elfin sweetheart, your hair is wilder than before, you will just answer that the wind mussed it. If you’d like to, O my love. Mais quand tu rentreras chez toi, Si l’on te demande pourquoi, Mignonne fée, Tes cheveux sont plus fous qu’avant Tu répondras que seul le vent T’a décoiffée. Si tu le veux, ô mon amour. Maurice de Marsan £ Absence Absence Come back, come back, my beloved; like a flower far from the sun, the flower of my life is closed up far from the bright red of your smile. Reviens, reviens, ma bien-aimée; Comme une fleur loin du soleil, La fleur de ma vie est fermée Loin de ton sourire vermeil. 18 Entre nos cœurs tant de distance! Tant d’espace entre nos baisers! O sort amer! ô dure absence! O grands désirs inapaisés! Our hearts so far away from each other! Our kisses so far apart! O bitter fate! O harsh absence! O powerful desires unfulfilled! Au pays qui me prend ma belle, Hélas! si je pouvais aller; Et si mon corps avait une aile Comme mon âme pour voler! If only I could travel to the land which takes my beauty from me, alas! If only my body had wings to fly, like my soul! Par dessus nos vertes collines, Les montagnes au front d’azur, Les champs rayés et les ravines, J’irais d’un vol rapide et sûr. Over our green hills, the mountains with their azure brow, over the ploughed fields and the ravines I would fly, swift and sure. Le corps ne suit pas la pensée! Pour moi, mon âme, va tout droit, Comme une colombe blessée T’abattre au rebord de son toit. My body cannot follow my thoughts! For me, O my soul, go straight on, like a wounded dove cast yourself onto the edge of her roof. Et dis, mon âme, à cette belle: «Tu sais bien qu’il compte les jours, O ma colombe! à tire d’aile, Retourne au nid de nos amours!» And say, my soul, to this fair creature: ‘You know well that he is counting the days, O my dove! Fly like the wind back to the nest of our love!’ Théophile Gautier $ Après un rêve Dans un sommeil que charmait ton image Je rêvais le bonheur, ardent mirage. Tes yeux étaient plus doux, ta voix pure et sonore. Tu rayonnais comme un ciel éclairé par l’aurore; Tu m’appelais et je quittais la terre Pour m’enfuir avec toi vers la lumière. Les cieux pour nous entr’ouvraient leurs nues splendeurs inconnues, lueurs divines entrevues, 19 After a Dream In a slumber charmed by visions of you I dreamt of happiness, a mirage of passion. Your eyes were more gentle, your voice pure and resonant. You shone like the heavens lit up by the dawn; You called me and I left the earth to fly away with you towards the light. The heavens for us opened a little to reveal their unknown, naked splendours, glimpses of divine light... Alas! A sad awakening from my dreams. I call to you, O night, give me back your lies! Come back, come back, radiant one! Come back, O night of mystery! Hélas! hélas! triste réveil des songes, Je t’appelle, ô nuit, rends-moi tes mensonges, Reviens, reviens radieuse, Reviens, ô nuit mystérieuse! Roman Bussine % Soupir Ne jamais la voir ni l’entendre, Ne jamais tout haut la nommer, Mais, fidèle, toujours l’attendre, Toujours l’aimer. Sigh Never to see her or hear her, never to say her name aloud, but always to wait faithfully for her, always to love her. Ouvrir les bras, et las d’attendre, Sur le néant les refermer, Mais encor, toujours les lui tendre, Toujours l’aimer. To open my arms, and, weary of waiting, to close them again on nothingness, but again, always to hold them out to her, always to love her. Ah! ne pouvoir que les lui tendre, Et dans les pleurs se consumer, Mais ces pleurs toujours les répandre, Toujours l’aimer... Ah! to be able to do no more than hold them out to her, and to be consumed in tears, but to go on shedding these tears for ever, always to love her... Ne jamais la voir ni l’entendre, Ne jamais tout haut la nommer, Mais d’un amour toujours plus tendre Toujours l’aimer. Sully Prudhomme Never to see her or hear her, never to say her name aloud, but with an ever more tender love always to love her. ^ Infidélité Voici l’orme qui balance Son ombre sur le sentier; Voici le jeune églantier, Le bois où dort le silence, Le banc de pierre où, le soir, Nous aimions à nous asseoir. Infidelity Here is the elm tree, casting its shadow on the path; here is the young eglantine, the grove where silence sleeps, the stone bench where we liked to sit in the evenings. Voici la voûte embaumée D’ébéniers et de lilas Here is the perfumed canopy of ebony and lilac 20 Où, lorsque nous étions las, Ensemble, ma bien-aimée, Sous des guirlandes de fleurs, Nous laissions fuir les chaleurs. where, when we were weary, together, my beloved, beneath garlands of flowers, we let the heat of the day slip away. L’air est pur, le gazon doux, Rien n’a donc changé... que vous! The air is pure, the lawn soft, so nothing has changed... except you! Théophile Gautier & Chanson écossaise Vallons, côteaux du fleuve ami, Vous êtes frais et si fleuris! Ton chant est gai, petit oiseau, Mais moi j’en souffre et sens mon deuil! Sautèle, oiseau, parmi ces fleurs, Ton cri fait mal, il dit l’hier, L’hier flambant, l’hier éteint, L’amour vainqueur, l’amour d’antan. Scottish Song Ye banks and braes o’ bonnie Doon, How can ye bloom sae fresh and fair? How can ye chaunt, ye little birds, And I sae weary fu’ o’ care? Ye’ll break my heart, ye warbling birds, That wanton through the flow’ry thorn, Ye mind me o’ departed joys, Departed never to return. J’errais au bord du fleuve ami, Rivant mes yeux aux lacs des fleurs; L’oiseau joyeux chantait l’amour, L’amour chantait au fond de moi. Le cœur léger j’étends la main, J’atteins la rose en ses piquants. L’amant perfide a pris la fleur. L’épine, hélas, reste en mon cœur. Oft hae I roved by bonnie Doon To see the rose and woodbine twine, And ilka bird sang o’ its love And fondly sae did I o’ mine. Wi’ lightsome heart I pu’d a rose Fu’ sweet upon its thorny tree; But my fause lover stole my rose, And ah! he left the thorn wi’ mi. Robert Burns * L’Amour de moi L’amour de moi s’y est enclose Dedans un joli jardinet Où croît la rose et le muguet Et aussi fait la passerose. My Love My love has hidden herself away in a pretty little garden where the rose and the lily-of-the-valley grow, and also the hollyhock. Ce jardin est bel et plaisant, Il est garni de toutes flours. This garden is fair and pleasant, adorned with flowers of every kind. 21 On y prend son ébattement Autant la nuit comme le jour. There we take our pleasure, both night and day. Hélas! il n’est si douce chose Que de ce doux rossignolet Qui chante au soir, au matinet. Quand il est là, il se repose. Alas! There is nothing as lovely as the sweet nightingale which sings morning and evening. In the garden, he takes his rest. Je la vis l’autre jour cueillir La violette en un vert pré, La plus belle qu’oncque je vis Et la plus plaisante à mon gré. I saw her the other day picking violets in a green meadow, the most beautiful girl that ever I saw and the most pleasing to me. Je l’ai regardée une pose, Elle était blanche comme lait Et douce comme un agnelet, Vermeille et fraîche comme rose. I watched her for a time, she was white as milk and sweet as a little lamb, her mouth fresh crimson like a rose. Anonymous ( Mignonne, allons voir si la rose Mignonne, allons voir si la rose Qui cette nuit avait déclose Sa robe de pourpre au soleil A point perdu cette vesprée Le lys de sa robe pourprée, Et son teint au vôtre pareil. Sweetheart, Let Us Go and See if the Rose Sweetheart, let us go and see if the rose, which only revealed her robe of purple as the sun rose this morning, has not this evening lost the bloom of her crimson robe and her complexion, so like your own. Las! voyez comme en peu d’espace, Mignonne, elle a dessus la place, Las! las! ses beautés laissé choir! O vrayment, marastre nature, Puisqu’une telle fleur ne dure Que du matin jusques au soir! Alas! See how in a short space of time, sweetheart, she has let her beauties fall to the ground! Alas, alas! O truly, Mother Nature is an evil stepmother, when such a flower lasts only from morning till evening! Donc, si vous me croyez, mignonne, Tandis que vostre âge fleuronne En sa plus verte nouveauté, So, if you will heed me, sweetheart, while your years blossom in all their green freshness, 22 gather, gather up your youth: as it did to this flower, old age will tarnish your beauty. Cueillez, cueillez vostre jeunesse: Comme à ceste fleur, le vieillesse Fera ternir vostre beauté. Pierre de Ronsard ) Laissez-moi planter le mai Hier matin je m’y levai, Laissez-moi planter le mai! Vers le bois je m’en allai, En riant, tout en riant. Laissez-moi planter le mai, Moi qui suis gentil galant. Let Me Come A-Courting Yesterday morning I arose, Let me come a-courting! I headed for the woods, Laughing all the while. Let me come a-courting, Courtly lover that I am. Ma bergère j’y trouvai, Laissez-moi planter le mai! Bergère il nous faut aimer, En riant, tout en riant. Laissez-moi planter le mai, Moi qui suis gentil galant. I found my shepherdess there, Let me come a-courting! Shepherdess, we must be lovers, Laughing all the while. Let me come a-courting, Courtly lover that I am. Oh! partez, mon doux berger, Laissez-moi planter le mai, Car ma mère est dans ces prés, En riant, tout en riant. Laissez-moi planter le mai Moi qui suis gentil galant. Oh! Leave me, my gentle shepherd, Let me come a-courting, For my mother is in the fields nearby, Laughing all the while. Let me come a-courting, Courtly lover that I am. Anonymous ¡ Trois beaux oiseaux du Paradis Trois beaux oiseaux du Paradis, (Mon ami z-il est à la guerre) Trois beaux oiseaux du Paradis Ont passé par ici. Three Lovely Birds of Paradise Three lovely birds of Paradise, (My love, he’s gone to the war.) three lovely birds of Paradise passed by here. Le premier était plus bleu que ciel, (Mon ami z-il est à la guerre) Le second était couleur de neige, Le troisième rouge vermeil. The first was bluer than the sky, (My love, he’s gone to the war.) the second was the colour of snow, the third vermillion-red. 23 «Beaux oiselets du Paradis, (Mon ami z-il est à la guerre) Beaux oiselets du Paradis, Qu’apportez par ici?» ‘Lovely little birds of Paradise, (My love, he’s gone to the war) lovely little birds of Paradise, what do you bring me here?’ C’est Tircis et c’est Aminte, Et c’est l’éternel Clitandre, Et c’est Damis qui pour mainte Cruelle fait maint vers tendre. It’s Thyrsis and it’s Amyntas and it’s the same old Clitander, and it’s Damis, who wrote many a tender poem for many a cruel lady. «J’apporte un regard couleur d’azur. (Ton ami z-il est à la guerre.)» «Et moi, sur beau front couleur de neige, Un baiser dois mettre, encor plus pur.» ‘I bring a gaze as blue as azure. (Your love, he’s gone to the war.)’ ‘And I, on a fair forehead white as snow, must place a kiss, even more pure.’ Leurs courtes vestes de soie, Leurs longues robes à queues, Leur élégance, leur joie Et leurs molles ombres bleues, Their short silk coats, their long, trailing dresses, their elegance, their joy and their soft blue shadows «Oiseau vermeil du Paradis, (Mon ami z-il est à la guerre) Oiseau vermeil du Paradis, Que portez-vous ainsi?» ‘Red bird of Paradise, (My love, he’s gone to the war.) red bird of Paradise, what is it you bring?’ Tourbillonnent dans l’extase D’une lune rose et grise, Et la mandoline jase Parmi les frissons de brise. swirl round and round in the ecstasy of a pink and grey moon, and the mandolin chatters amid the quivering breezes. «Un joli cœur tout cramoisi. (Ton ami z-il est à la guerre.)» «Ah! je sens mon cœur qui froidit... Emportez-le aussi.» Maurice Ravel ‘A pretty heart, all crimson. (Your love, he’s gone to the war.)’ ‘Ah! I feel my heart growing cold... Take it away as well.’ ™ Extase Ecstasy On a pale lily my heart is sleeping in a slumber soft as death... Exquisite death, death fragrant with the breath of my beloved... On your pale breast my heart is sleeping in a slumber soft as death... Sur un lys pâle mon cœur dort D’un sommeil doux comme la mort... Mort exquise, mort parfumée Du souffle de la bien-aimée... Sur ton sein pâle mon cœur dort D’un sommeil doux comme la mort... Jean Lahor # Mandoline Mandolin The young men singing serenades and the lovely ladies listening to them exchange trite remarks beneath the singing branches. Les donneurs de sérénades Et les belles écouteuses Echangent des propos fades Sous les ramures chanteuses. Paul Verlaine ¢ C C I crossed the bridges of Cé That’s where it all started A song of times past spoke of a wounded knight a rose lying on the road and an unlaced bodice of the castle of a deranged duke and of swans in the moats; of the meadow where an eternal fiancée comes to dance and I drank, like iced milk, the long lay of the distorted glories. The Loire carries my thoughts away with the overturned cars and the unprimed weapons and the tears half wiped away O my France, O my forsaken one I crossed the bridges of Cé. J’ai traversé les ponts de Cé C’est là que tout a commencé Une chanson des temps passés Parle d’un chevalier blessé D’une rose sur la chaussée Et d’un corsage délacé Du chateau d’un duc insensé Et des cygnes dans les fossés De la prairie où vient danser Une éternelle fiancée Et j’ai bu comme un lait glacé Le long lai des gloires faussées. La Loire emporte mes pensées Avec les voitures versées Et les armes désamorcées Et les larmes mal effacées O ma France, ô ma délaissée J’ai traversé les ponts de Cé. Louis Aragon 24 25 ∞ Fêtes galantes Courtly Entertainment You see marquesses on bicycles You see pimps dressed as hobbyhorses You see snotty-nosed kids with veils You see firemen burning their pompoms You see words thrown on the rubbish heap You see words carried shoulder-high You see the feet of the Children of Mary You see the back of cabaret actresses You see gas-powered cars You see hand-carts too You see rogues bothered by their long noses You see eighteen-carat idiots You see here what you see anywhere You see girls gone astray You see louts, you see voyeurs You see drowned bodies passing under the bridges You see shoe-sellers standing around idle You see egg-candlers dying of boredom You see reliable values heading for disaster and life running away on the six-four-two. On voit des marquis sur des bicyclettes On voit des marlous en cheval jupon On voit des morveux avec des voilettes On voit des pompiers brûler les pompons On voit des mots jetés à la voirie On voit des mots élevés au pavois On voit les pieds des enfants de Marie On voit le dos des diseuses à voix On voit des voitur’ à gazogène On voit aussi des voitur’ à bras On voit des lascars que les longs nez gênent On voit des coïons de dix-huit carats On voit ici ce que l’on voit ailleurs On voit des demoiselles dévoyées On voit des voyous, on voit des voyeurs On voit sous les ponts passer les noyés On voit chômer les marchands de chaussures On voit mourir d’ennui les mireurs d’œufs On voit péricliter les valeurs sûres Et fuir la vie à la six quat’ deux. Louis Aragon 26 27 David Hobson concert appearances across Australia and New Zealand. Tenor and composer David Hobson is one of Australia’s best-known operatic performers. He has sung many roles with Opera Australia including his award-winning performances as Rodolfo in the acclaimed Baz Luhrmann production of La bohème and Orphée in Orphée et Eurydice. More recently his roles for the company have included Nadir (The Pearl Fishers), Dorvil (La scala di seta) and Florville (Il signor Bruschino) as well as Ralph Rackstraw (HMS Pinafore) and The Defendant (Trial by Jury), both televised nationally by the ABC, and Frederic (The Pirates of Penzance). Internationally he has appeared with San Francisco Opera in the world premiere of Dangerous Liaisons. David Hobson’s discography includes Opera Australia’s productions of The Gondoliers, Don Giovanni, Così fan tutte, Orphée et Euridice, La bohème (also available on CD); French and Italian Arias, Handel Arias, Cinema Paradiso and David Hobson Live for ABC Classics; Something for Everybody on EMI, the soundtracks of One Perfect Day, Elizabeth and Better than Sex; Inside This Room, a collection of original compositions with David Hirschfelder; Evelyn Glennie – Shadow behind the Iron Sun; and Tenor and Baritone with Anthony Warlow. David MCSkimming His compositions include a music theatre version of Macbeth, the chamber opera Remembering Rosie, and the soundtrack to the film One Perfect Day, which was named Best Score by the Australian Film Critics Association. His performances have been distinguished by numerous awards including Operatic Performer of the Year in the MO Awards, Sydney Critics’ Circle Awards for Rodolfo and Orphée, The Age Performing Arts Award for Best Performer in Opera, and an Australian Record Industry Association (ARIA) Award. Recent engagements have included the title role in Candide at the Perth International Festival, a performance in Canberra for Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth and David McSkimming has been, over many years, a regular performer in concert and on radio for the ABC. Since graduating with a Masters degree in Piano Performance, he has played harpsichord and organ continuo and piano with the Melbourne and Adelaide Symphony Orchestras, Orchestra Victoria and the Adelaide Chamber Orchestra. He has also played french horn in the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra. He has given recitals with many of Australia’s most distinguished musicians, including singers Yvonne Kenny, Rosamund Illing, Marilyn Richardson, Joan Carden, Elizabeth Campbell, Merlyn Quaife, Emma Matthews and Jonathan 29 Summers, violinists Jane Peters and Miwako Abe and horn player Richard Runnels. In October 1998 as part of the Melbourne International Festival, David McSkimming was the associate artist in recitals with the renowned Korean soprano Sumi Jo and American tenor Gary Lakes. In the same festival he was the accompanist for the Sir Yehudi Menuhin masterclass. Executive Producers Robert Patterson, Lyle Chan Recording Producer Thomas Grubb Recording Engineer Thomas Grubb, Jim Atkins Mastering Thomas Grubb, Virginia Read Editorial and Production Manager Hilary Shrubb Publications Editor Natalie Shea Booklet Design Imagecorp Pty Ltd Photography Pierre Baroni Language Coach Denise Shepherd Song Text Translations Natalie Shea David McSkimming was a member of the State Opera of South Australia from 1976 to 1989, after which he worked with the Victoria State Opera as Principal Repetiteur until joining Opera Australia in 1997. He has also worked with Opera Factory Zurich. He has been a Visiting Artist at the Australian National Academy of Music, working with artists including English mezzosoprano Sarah Walker and Australian baritone Gregory Yurisich. David McSkimming is still based in Melbourne but now freelances, travelling all over Australia as an accompanist and repetiteur. During 2003-04 he spent seven months as principal repetiteur for the State Opera of South Australia’s Ring cycle. Recorded 25-28 October 2005 and 3-5 January 2006 in the Iwaki Auditorium of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Southbank Centre, Melbourne. David Hobson was photographed at the Prince Albert Suite of The Hotel Windsor, Melbourne. ABC Classics thanks Angela Mudford (Hotel Windsor), Emma Alessi and Alexandra Alewood. 2006 Australian Broadcasting Corporation. © 2006 Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Distributed in Australia and New Zealand by Universal Music Group, under exclusive licence. Made in Australia. All rights of the owner of copyright reserved. Any copying, renting, lending, diffusion, public performance or broadcast of this record without the authority of the copyright owner is prohibited. David McSkimming’s recordings include Songs of Duparc and Poulenc with Rosamund Illing, Chinese songs with tenor Yu Jixing, a CD of French violin music with violinist Miwako Abe, and, in 2005, a disc of English songs and duets with Anthony Warlow and David Hobson. 30