la dhea et le vieillissement

Transcription

la dhea et le vieillissement
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JE DEDIE CE TRAVAIL......
A mon Père,
A ma Mère,
A mon Frère Mounir,
A ma Sœur Farah,
A tous mes Amis (es),
A Mme Rose,
Mes remerciements pour avoir rendu agréable la lecture de ce travail.
A tous ceux qui, d’une manière ou d’une autre, m’ont aidé à l’élaboration de ce travail.
Et à tous ceux que j’ aime
A
NOS MAITRES
ET JUGES
A Notre Maître et Président de Jury
Le Professeur José Marie AFOUTOU,
Le plaisir spontané et la joie que vous avez exprimés lorsque nous vous
avons demandé de juger ce modeste travail, ne nous ont pas surpris.
Vos connaissances étendues, votre esprit méthodique, votre droiture et
votre conscience professionnelle vous ont valu l’admiration de tous.
Nous nous enorgueillissons d’avoir été votre élève.
Soyez assuré de notre indéfectible attachement et de notre profonde
et vive gratitude.
A Notre Maître et Juge
Le Professeur Babacar FAYE,
Vous nous faites un grand honneur en acceptant spontanément de
juger ce travail malgré vos multiples occupations.
Vous nous offrez ainsi l’occasion de vous remercier pour tous les
enseignements que vous nous avez dispensés.
Soyez assuré de nos sentiments les meilleurs.
A Notre Maître et Juge
Le Professeur Cheikh Saad Bouh BOYE,
C’est un grand plaisir pour nous de vous compter parmi les membres
@
de notre jury de thèse.
Votre abord facile, votre disponibilité constante, votre modestie et votre
courtoisie forcent l’admiration de tous ceux qui ont bénéficié de vos
compétences.
Veuillez trouver ici, l’assurance de notre profonde gratitude.
A Notre Maître et Directeur de Thèse
Le Professeur Mamadou BADIANE,
J’ai le privilège et le grand honneur de vous avoir pour directeur de
thèse.
Malgré vos multiples tâches, vous avez accepté avec spontanéité et
enthousiasme de faire l’honneur de siéger parmi nos juges.
Vous m’avez toujours reçue avec une disponibilité constante.
Vous représentez à mes yeux, un modèle, un exemple, une référence.
Votre enseignement toujours dispensé avec méthode et clarté, votre
humanisme, l’amour et la considération que vous affichez envers les
étudiants sont une source d’émerveillement constant.
Puisse ce travail vous exprimer notre profonde gratitude, notre
respect et notre sincère reconnaissance.
7
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