Titre ou direction sur deux lignes

Année universitaire 2014/2015
Collège universitaire
Semestre d’automne
History of Boundaries in the Middle East since 1920
Matthieu Cimino
Syllabus
Type of course: Seminar course (concentration course).
Course Description: The purpose of this course is to study the historical evolution of the relationships between
Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria since 1920, based on the concepts of border and identity. The course will deliberately
rely on many different sources: history and political science, but also geography, sociology and anthropology.
Questions, comments and other ideas for discussion are always more than welcome. Participation in class is strongly
advised!
Requirements and Grading:
• In-Class Participation (10 % of course mark)
• Presentation (20% of course mark)
• Mid-term Exam (30% of course mark)
• Final Exam (40% of course mark)
1/ Introduction.
2/ The Dismantling of the Ottoman Empire: new borders in the Middle East.
No presentation on that day.
Mandatory reading: John MAC TAGUE, “Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919-1920”,
Journal of Palestine Studies, Volume 11, Numéro 2, hiver 1982, pp. 100-112.
Further readings: Laura Zittrain EISENBERG, My Enemy's Enemy: Lebanon in the Early Zionist Imagination, 1900–1918,
Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1994.
Jean-Paul CHAGNOLLAUD, Sid-Ahmed SOUIAH, Les frontières au Moyen-Orient, Paris : L’Harmattan, 2004.
Gideon BIGER, The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840-1947, London: Routledge, 2004, 272 p.
3/ Living in cross-border spaces: Mandatory Lebanon, Syria and Palestine between 1920 and 1948.
Presentation 1: Cross-Border Relations between Mandatory Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine (1920-1948).
Presentation 2: The Borders of Palestine (1947 – 1948).
Mandatory reading: Dr. Mustafa ABBASI, Dr. Yair SELTENREICH, “A Leader on Both Sides of the Border: The Amir Fa'our
al-Fa'our Between Syrian and Mandatory Palestine”, Holy Land Studies, Mai 2007, Volume 6, Numéro 1, pp. 23-49.
Further readings: Jean-David MIZRAHI, « De la région frontière à la ligne frontière. Les confins méridionaux de la Syrie
de la fin de l'Empire ottoman au début des Mandats », Vingtième Siècle, 2009/3, n° 103, pp. 77-90.
Guillaume VAREILLES, Les frontières de la Palestine, 1914-1947, Paris : L’Harmattan, 2010, 320 pp.
Frederic C. HOF, Galilee Divided, The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984, Westview Press, 1985.
4/ 1948: the Nakba.
Presentation 1: Lebanon, Syria, and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Presentation 2: Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon.
Mandatory reading: (in French) Jihane SFEIR-KHAYAT, « Identifications nationales et construction des frontières - Les
Palestiniens au Liban (1943-1958) », Vingtième Siècle, 2009/3 n° 103, pp. 105-119.
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(in English) Michaël C. HUDSON, « Palestinians and Lebanon: The Common Story », Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume
10, Numéro 3, 1997.
Further readings: Walid KHALIDI, All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied in Israel in 1948, Institute for
Palestine Studies, Beyrouth, éd. 2006.
Benny MORRIS, 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, Yale: Yale University Press, 2008.
5/ Borders Wars, Water Wars: the Golan, a much-coveted space (1949-1966).
Presentation 1: The Israeli-Syrian Armistice (1949 – 1966).
Presentation 2: The « Water War » (november 1964 – may 1967).
Mandatory reading: Hussein A. AMEIRI, “Water War in the Middle East: a Looming Threat”, The Geographical Journal,
numéro 168 (4), Décembre 2002, pp. 313–323.
Further reading: Frédéric C. HOF, « The Water Dimension of Golan Heights Negotiations », Middle East Policy, Volume
5, Numéro 2, 1997.
6/ Reshuffling the cards: 1967.
Presentation 1: Lebanon, Syria, and the Six-Day War.
Presentation 2: UNSCR 242.
Mandatory reading: Frédéric C. HOF, “Line of Battle, Border of Peace? The Line of June, 4, 1967”, Middle East Insight,
1999.
Further readings: Shay FOGELMAN, “The disinherited; What happened to the 130,000 Syrian citizens living in the Golan
Heights in June 1967?”, Haaretz, 30 juillet 2010.
Tom SEGEV, 1967, Israel, the War, and The Year That Transformed the Middle East, Metropolitan Books, éd. 2007 – 688
pages.
7/ Border and identity of resistance: the Palestinian guerrilla in Syria and Lebanon.
Presentation 1: Lebanon and the Palestinian armed groups (1968 – 1975).
Presentation 2: Syria and the Palestinian armed groups (1968 – 1976).
Mandatory reading: (in French) Élisabeth STEMER-PICARD, « Le Liban et la résistance palestinienne », Revue française
de science politique, numéro 1, 1975, pp. 5-22.
(in English) Yezid SAYIGH, « Palestinian Armed Struggle: Means and Ends », Journal of Palestine Studies, Volume 16,
Numéro 1, automne 1986, pp. 95-112
Further readings: Yezid SAYIGH, Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 19491993, Oxford University Press, 1988.
Rosemary SAYIGH, Too Many Enemies, The Palestinian Experience in Lebanon, Zeb Books, 1993, 384 pages.
8/ 1973: the Kippur War.
Presentation 1: The October War.
Presentation 2: The Disengagement Agreement (May, 31 1974).
Mandatory reading: N/A.
Further reading: Abraham RABINOVICH, The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East,
Random House Inc., 2004, 576 pages.
9/ « Peace for Galilee » (1982-2000): Creating a territory of (in)Security.
Presentation 1: The Israeli « security zone » (1978-2000).
Presentation 2: Syria and the « Peace for Galilee » operation.
Mandatory reading: David HIRST, “South Lebanon: The War that Never Ends?”, Journal of Palestine Studies, Volume 28,
Numéro 3, p. 5.
Further reading: Muhammad HUSSEIN FADLALLAH, “The Palestinians, the Shi'a, and South Lebanon”, Journal of
Palestine Studies, Vol. 16, n° 2, Hiver 1987, pp. 3-10.
Itamar RABINOVICH, The War for Lebanon: 1970-1983, Ithaca et Londres, Cornell University Press, 1985, 262 p.
10/ 2006: a 33-day War.
Presentation 1: Israel-Lebanon Relations (2000 – 2006).
Presentation 2: The 33-Day War.
Mandatory readings: Elizabeth PICARD, “Great Expectations, Limited Means: France and the 2006 Israeli-Lebanese
War”, The Sixth War – Israel’s Invasion of Lebanon, MIT Electronic Journal of Middle East Studies, Volume 6, été 2006,
pp. 141-152.
Further readings: Renaud GIRARD, La guerre ratée d'Israël contre le Hezbollah, Paris, Librairie Perrin, 2006, 155 p.
Amos HAREL, Avi ISSACHAROFF, 34 Days – Israel, Hezbollah, and the War in Lebanon, New-York: Palgrave Macmillan,
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2009, 304 p.
Franck MERMIER, Elizabeth PICARD, Liban, une guerre de 33 jours, Paris, La découverte, 2007, 255 p.
11/ Case-study: the Shebaa Farms, Ghajar, and Israel-Syria-Lebanon Relations.
Presentation 1: The Shebaa Farms.
Presentation 2: Ghajar.
Mandatory reading: Asher KAUFMAN, « Let Sleeping Dogs Lie: On Ghajar and Other Anomalies in the Syria-LebanonIsrael Tri-Border Region », The Middle East Journal, Volume 63, Numéro 4, Automne 2009, pp. 539-560.
Further reading: Henri CHAMUSSY, « Aux deux extrémités du Liban : Qaa et Ghajar », Mappemonde, Numéro 87, mars
2007.
Asher KAUFMAN, « Size does not matter: The Shebaa farms in history and contemporary politics », The MIT Electronic
Journal of Middle East Studies, Volume 6, été 2006, pp. 163-176.
12/ Lebanon, Israel and the Syrian civil war (2011 – 2014) & conclusion.
Presentation 1: Israel and the Syrian Refugees (2011 – 2014).
Presentation 2: Lebanon and the Syrian Refugees (2011 – 2014).
Readings: to be defined.
Course requirements (grading & assessment).
Group presentation (exposé) – 20 % of the final mark.
Each group of students should give a presentation, being a clear, well-argued response to a problem of historical
interpretation. The presentation is an important exercise (some would say fundamental): you must show an ability for
historical synthesis and be able to “hold” your audience captive.
You are strongly recommended to respect the given time (15 minutes per group) – you should practice in front of a
mirror!
The students’ presentations will be accompanied by a brief document (3 pages), which presents the plan, a short
bibliography and other material which might be considered useful (maps, illustrations, caricatures, etc.). Try to be original
and innovative.
Participation in class.
Your participation in this course is obviously mandatory and will contribute to your mark.
After each presentation, we will discuss the articles sent the week before. It is mandatory to read them and it will be
assumed you have assimilated them. I will also send optional/further readings, for those of you who wish to extend their
knowledge of the subject
Mid-Term & Final exams (1/3 of the final mark).
The fourth & final session will be the moment for a brief (one hour) test which will require your skills for synthesis and
reflection. You will be asked a question derived from the previous sessions – and for this exercise I require originality and
a precise and clear answer to the question which has been set (2 pages long, with an introduction and a brief plan,
representing 33% of the final mark).
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The Middle East (must-reads !).
CORM, Georges, A History of the Middle East: From Antiquity to the Present Day, London: Garnett Publishing, 2010.
NERVAL (de), Gérard, Journey to the Orient, London: Peter Owen Publishers, 1972.
Political Geography.
ANCEL, Jacques, Géographie des frontières, Paris, Gallimard, 1938.
ANDERSON, Malcom, Frontiers – Territory and State Formation in the Modern World, Cambridge: Polity Press,
Cambridge, 1996, 272 p.
AGAMBEN, Giorgio, État d’exception, Homo sacer, Paris : Éditions du Seuil, 2003.
BADIE, Bertrand, La fin des territoires, Paris, Fayard, 1995.
FOUCHER, Michel, Fronts et frontières, Un tour du monde géopolitique, Paris, Fayard, 1990.
FOUCHER, Michel, L’obsession des frontières, Paris, Fayard, 2007.
GOTTMANN, Jean, The significance of Territory, Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1973, 169 p.
JOHNSTON, Ron J., KNIGHT, David, KOFMAN, Eleonore, Nationalism, self-determination, and political geography,
London: Routledge, 1988, 256 p.
NEWMAN, David (éd.), Boundaries, territory and postmodernity, London: Frank Cass, 1999, 216 p.
RAFFESTIN, Claude, GUICHONNET, Pierre, Géographie des frontières, Paris, PUF, 1974.
Middle Eastern Boundaries.
BIGER, Gideon, The Boundaries of Israel – Palestine Past, Present, and Future: A Critical Geographical View, Oxon,
Routledge, 2004.
CHAGNOLLAUD, Jean-Paul, Les frontières au Moyen-Orient, L’Harmattan, Paris, 2004.
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ENCEL, Frédéric, Le Moyen-Orient entre guerre et paix. Une Géopolitique du Golan, Paris, Flammarion, 1999.
Ho
HOF, Frédéric C., Galilee Divided: The Israel-Lebanon frontier, 1916-1984, Boulder: Westview Press, 1985, 134 p.
RABIL, Robert, Embattled Neighbors: Syria, Israel and Lebanon, Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2003, 307 p.
Territorial Disputes.
JAROSLAV, Tir, Redrawing the map to promote peace: territorial dispute management via territorial changes, London:
Lexington Books, 2006, 180 p.
WIEGAND, Krista E., Enduring Territorial Disputes – Strategies of Bargaining, Coercive Diplomacy, and Settlement,
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2011, 340 p.
Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.
ABU-LUGHOD, Ibrahim, The Arab-Israeli confrontation of June 1967: an Arab perspective, Evanston: Northwestern
University Press, 1970, 201 p.
AMMOUN, Denise, Histoire du Liban Contemporain, 1943 – 1999, Tome 2, Fayard, Paris, 2005.
AVNERI, Arieh L., The Claim of dispossession: Jewish Land-Settlement and the Arabs: 1878-1948, Piscataway:
Transaction Publishers, 1982, 333 p.
BATATU, Hanna, Syria’s peasantry, the descendants of its lesser rural notables, and their politics, Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1999, 413 p.
BENVENISTI, Meron, Intimate enemies: Jews and Arabs in a shared land, Berkeley: University of California Press,
1995, 250 p.
BRYNEN, Rex, Sanctuary and Survival. The PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, 1990, 255 p.
DIB, Kamal, Warlords and Merchants. The Lebanese Business and Political Establishment, Reading: Ithaca Press,
2004, 333 p.
EL KHAZEN, Farid, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967-1976, London: I. B. Tauris, 2000, 448 p.
FISK, Robert, Pity the Nation. Lebanon at War, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990, 727 p.
GOLDSTEIN, Yaacov N., From Fighters to Soldiers: How the Israeli Defense Forces Began, Sussex Academic Press,
1998, 280 p.
GORIA, Wade R., Sovereignty and Leadership in Lebanon – 1943-1976, London: Ithaca Press, 1985, 224 p.
HANF, Theodor, Coexistence in Wartime Lebanon: Decline of a State and Rise of a Nation, London: I.B. Tauris, 1993,
512 p.
DIECKHOFF, Alain, L’État d’Israël, Fayard, Paris, 2008.
DONATI, Caroline, L'exception syrienne : entre modernisation et résistance, La Découverte, Paris, 2009.
HAMIZRACHI, Beate, The Emergence of the South Lebanon Security Belt: Major Saad Haddad and the Ties with
Israel, 1975–1978, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988, 211 pp.
HAREL, Amos, ISSACHAROFF, Avi, 34 Days – Israel, Hezbollah, and the War in Lebanon, New-York: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2009, 304 p.
HOURANI, Albert H., Syria and Lebanon. A Political essay, London/New York: Oxford University Press, 1946, 402 p.
JOHNSON, Michael, All Honourable Men. The Social Origins of war in Lebanon, London: I.B. Tauris, 2002, 224
KASSIR, Samir, Liban, un printemps inachevé, Actes Sud, 2006.
KHALIDI, Walid, All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied in Israel in 1948, Washington: Institute for
Palestine Studies, 1992, 568 p.
KHOURY, Philipp S., Syria and the French Mandate. The Politics of Arab Nationalism, Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1987, 721 p.
LONGRIGG, Stephen H., Syria and Lebanon under French mandate, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958, 404 p.
PICARD, Elizabeth, Lebanon: A Shattered Country: Myths and Realities of the Wars in Lebanon, New York: Holmes &
Meier, 2002, 236 p.
PROVENCE, Michael, The Great Syrian Revolt and the rise of Arab nationalism, Austin: University of Texas Press,
2005, 209 p.
SEURAT, Michel, L'État de Barbarie, Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 1989.
Misc. Articles.
BOCCO, Ricardo, MEIER, Daniel, « Penser la notion de frontière au Moyen-Orient », A contrario, vol. 3, n°2, 2005.
COLLECTIF, « La frontière, un objet spatial en mutation », Espace Temps.net, 2003.
DROZ-VINCENT, Philippe, « Du 11 septembre 2001 à la guerre en Irak : les nouvelles frontières du Moyen-Orient », A
contrario, n°3, 2005/2, pp. 110-129.
GARFINKLE, Adam, War, Water and Negotiation in the Middle East: The Case of the Palestine-Syria Border, 19161923, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 1995.
LAURENS, Henry, « 50 ans de relations israélo-libanaises », Franck Mermier & Élizabeth Picard, dir., in Liban, Une
guerre de 33 jours, Paris, La Découverte, 2007.
MARA'I, Tayseer, HALABI, Usama R., « Life under Occupation in the Golan Heights », Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol.
22, No. 1, Automne 1992.
MORLIN, Elisabeth, « Carte à l'appui. Le tracé de la frontière du Grand-Liban », Hérodote, n° 53, pp. 192-199.
NORTON, Augustus R., SCHWEDLER, Jillian, « (In)security Zones in South Lebanon », Journal of Palestine Studies,
Vol. 23, No. 1, Autumn 1993.
YERASIMOS, Stéphane, « Comment furent tracées les frontières actuelles au Proche-Orient », Hérodote, n° 41, pp.
123 – 161.
ZITTRAIN EISENBERG, Laura, « Do Good Fences Make Good Neighbors? Israel and Lebanon after the Withdrawal »,
Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 4, n°3, september 2000.
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