2015 - OSU-R

Transcription

2015 - OSU-R

STRAP
Synergie Transdisciplinaire pour Répondre aux Aléas liés aux Panaches volcaniques
Résultats préliminaires
Vendredi 04 Décembre 2015
Work-Package 2
Convective Plume: fluxes, dynamics and
modelling
Work-Package 2
STRAP
WP2-A: Source data collection and lava flows modelling
Task 2A.1: Sediment analysis and Pyroclasts textures - Field measurements
(L. Gurioli, P. Bachèlery, A. Di Muro)
Task 2A.2: Lava flow heat and volume flux
(A. Harris, J-L. Froger, M. Gouhier, N. Villeneuve)
Task 2A.3: Lava flow: thermal model
(N. Villeneuve, A. Harris, L. Gurioli)
WP2-B: Measurements of gas/aerosols from small size volcanic plumes
Task 2B.1: Vent-leaving plume dynamics
(A. Harris)
Task 2B.2: Source volatile budget
(A. Di Muro, S. Moune)
Task 2B.3: Near-vent gas and aerosol measurements
(S. Moune, A. Di Muro, M. Gouhier, N. Villeneuve)
WP2-C: Dense convective plumes: measurements and modelling
Task 2C.1: Measurements of ash-rich volcanic plumes
(M. Gouhier, F. Donnadieu)
Task 2C.2: Volcanic plume injection heights for regional and global atmospheric models
(E. Kaminski, C. Mari, G. Roberts)
Work-Package 2
STRAP
 Cibles volcaniques
 Piton de la
Fournaise
 Etna
 Stromboli
 Hawaii
Work-Package 2
WP2.A
(1)
(2)
(3)
WP2.B
(1)
(2)
(3)
WP2.C
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Period: 2015-2016
Parameterization of volcanic deposits and pyroclastic
component of the plume from field campaign at PdF
(06/2015) and Etna (06/2016)
Isopach maps and volume estimation of lava flows using
satellite measurements (from 01/01/2015 for all targets)
Lava flow heat flux modelling for convective model
parameterization from field campaign at PdF (06/2015) and
Etna (06/2016)
Period: 2015-2016
Parameterization of near-vent pyroclasts and report on the
dynamical evolution of a plume from vent to stagnation point
from field campaign at PdF (06/2015) and Etna (06/2016)
Source magma volatile budget (composition, fluxes) and Preeruptive concentration – link with height of lava fountains
from field campaign at PdF (06/2015) and Etna (06/2016)
Near-vent turbulence characteristics, gas and aerosol budgets
(insight of Sulfur excess problem) from field campaign at PdF
(06/2015) and Etna (06/2016)
Period: 2015-2017
Plume height injection and source mass eruption rate (from
01/01/2015)
Fine ash characterization from satellite observations (from
01/01/2015)
Real-time monitoring for early warning and continuous
tracking of ash cloud from space borne data (from
01/01/2015)
Report on a new parameterization of volcanic plume injection
heights for regional and global atmospheric models. (from
summer 2015)
STRAP
Expected outcomes
Source parameters, database
for scientific community
Source parameters, database
for scientific community
Inputs of WP2.C - Source
parameters, database for
scientific community
Expected outcomes
Inputs of WP2.C - Validation of
spatial observation
Database for scientific
community, improvement of
fundamental knowledge
Inputs of WP2.C - improvement
of fundamental knowledge
Expected outcomes
Source parameters, Inputs of
WP2.C2 - risks mitigation
Source parameters, Inputs of
WP2.C2 - risks mitigation
Societal protection (air routes,
aviation safety), risks mitigation
Inputs of WP3 - Societal
impacts, climate models.
Weather forecasting centres
 Paramètres sources
 Inputs = modélisation
 Bases de données
 Protection civile/risques
WP-2A1
Contributors : Lucia Gurioli, Andrea Di Muro, Patrick Bachèlery, Guillaume Boudoire
Deliverable
Parameterization of volcanic deposits and pyroclastic
component of the plume from field campaign at PdF
(2015)
Expected outcome
Source parameters, database for scientific community
STRAP
WP-2A
Work done/in progress
Field work (October 2014) Gurioli+Moune
Field work (June 2015) Bachèlery
Field work (December 2015) Gurioli+Jordan
Textural and chemical characterization of the products from:
June 2014
February 2015
May 2015
July 2015
August-October 2015 (III phases)
Piton Haüy
STRAP
WP-2A
STRAP
Measurements
- Grain size measurements of bombs+lapilli and ash events
- Morphological measurements for lapilli and coarse ash
- Componentry analyses of the juvenile components
- Density and porosity measurements of bombs, coarse and fine lapilli and lava
fragments
- Measurements of DRE from crashed scoria and lava
- Connectivity and percentage of isolated vesicles for bombs, coarse and fine
lapilli and lava fragments
- Permeability measurements for selected samples from 2014 and 02/2015
- Glass and bulk chemistry of selected juvenile fragments and quenched lava
- Mineral characterization of the different phases
- Melt Inclusions within the 2014 different juvenile components
WP-2A
STRAP
Results : Single explosion grain size and coarse ash
morphology (main vent 2014)
Two main populations within the coarse ash: spiny and
fluidal (top) and one fluidal population at the base
Cc = 0.775
WP-2A
STRAP
Results : Componentry 2014
• Decreasing in density
• Increasing in
vesicularity
• Increasing in number
of small vesicle
• Increasing in isolated
vesicles
• Decreasing in crystal
contents
Spiny opaque
scoria
Spiny iridescent
scoria
Fluidal
scoria
Golden
pumice
1 cm
WP-2A
STRAP
Results : Density 2014
Vesicularity 86%
DRE: 2.88 x 103 kg m−3
45%
38%
WP-2A
Results : Connectivity 2014
Max isolated vesicles of 40%
STRAP
WP-2A
STRAP
Results : Permeability 2014/02-2015
02-2015
Permeability
1,E-09
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2014
70
80
90
100
golden
k1
1,E-10
fluidal
spiny
1,E-11
Fluidal from
fracture
1,E-12
1,E-13
vesicularity
WP-2A
Results : Chemistry 2014 + 02-2015
STRAP
Results : Petrology
WP-2A
2015
STRAP
+ Ivan Vlastelic
0,90
0,85
2009-2015
0,80
févr-15
K2O wt%
0,75
mai-15
juil-15
0,70
Août-Oct 2015
0,65
0,60
0,55
0,50
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
MgO wt%
9,00
10,00
11,00
WP-2A
Results : Petrology
2015
STRAP
28 Août 2015
Mai 2015
15 Sept. 2015
16 Oct. 2015
WP-2A
Results : Petrology
2015
Laves du 27 Sept.2015
STRAP
Results : Piton Haüy
WP-2A
STRAP
Contributors : Marina Valer, Andrea Di Muro, Patrick Bachèlery
1,40
1,20
2009-2015
févr-15
1,00
mai-15
juil-15
K2O wt%
0,80
Août-Oct 2015
Piton Haüy
0,60
0,40
0,20
0,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
MgO wt%
9,00
10,00
11,00
WP-2A
STRAP
OUTCOME
Invited seminars
Gurioli L, Vlastelic I, Di Muro A, Boudoire G, Moune S, Valer M, Bachelery P & Villeneuve N “The June 2014 eruption of
Piton de la Fournaise: Insights from field, textural and geochemical data » Journée scientifique "L'île de la Réunion et son
contexte" IPGP, 10 April 2015, Paris
Conference
Gurioli L, Vlastelic I, Di Muro A, Boudoire G, Moune S, Bachelery P, Villeneuve N "The June 2014 eruption of Piton de la
Fournaise: Insights from field, textural and geochemical data" Vol. 17, EGU2015-345, EGU General Assembly 2015
Publications
Lucia Gurioli(1), Ivan Vlastelic(1), Andrea Di Muro(2), Guillaume Boudoire(2,3), Marina Valer(1), Séverine Moune(1), Patrick
Bachelery(1), Sebastian Ellebrand(1), Simon Jordan(1), Aline Peltier(2), Nicolas Villeneuve(2), Christophe Constantin(1), Jean-Luc
Devidal(1), Claire Fonquernie(1), Jean-Marc Hénot(1), Mhammed Benbakkar(1 Field, textural and geochemical monitoring at
Piton de La fournaise: The case study of the “opening eruption” of 2014 in prep for EPSL
Master 2 (in progress) for textural characterization (in tems of vesicle and crystal size distribution) for the on-going activity.
The data will available soon at:
http://wwwobs.univbpclermont.fr/SO/televolc/dynvolc/index.php
WP-2A
STRAP
Prospective: In April 2016: Sampling in active fall
out fields
Marchetti et al. (2014)
WP-2A
STRAP
Prospectives/Needs
o 1-2 field campaigns to Etna (2016)
o 1 field campaign to Réunion in case of reactivation
o Analyses
To test and use of the two ash collectors
o Publication fees
o AGU San Francisco 2016
A postdoc to help for setting up and using the ash collectors (that
will be ready in April 2016 ) and perform ash textural studies will
be asked within ClerVolc program 1
WP-2A2
STRAP
Contributors : Andrew Harris and Nicolas Villeneuve
Basis:
The FLOWGO model has been initialized for Piton de la
Fournaise, and tested on the 2010 eruption
(Harris, Villeneuve et al., Geol. Soc. Lond., 2015)
FLOWGO has also been updated for Hawaii and Etna
(Harris & Rowland, AGU Monograph, 2015)
Result (STRAP publication in preparation):
FLOWGO has been run, and updated on a daily basis using
MODIS-derived TADR, to project flow run out during all of
the 2015 eruptive crises at Piton de la Fournaise (see next)
WP-2B
STRAP
Example of FLOWGO simulations executed and delivered during
Piton de la Fournaise’s May 2015 eruption
flow path model
WP-2A3
STRAP
• January 2015 (Harris field work + 1 student):
2007 and 2010 lava flow fields sampled to provide data
for testing of cooling and volume limited flow models.
• During the July 2015 eruption, thermal image time series
of the proximal and medial portions of the flow system
were collected simultaneous with quench sampling.
• Products:
= M. Rhéty, M2 (2015); S. Mannini, M1 (2016);
= Rhéty, Harris, Villeneuve et al., in prep for BV (2016)
WP-2A3
STRAP
Thermal movie scene of distal channel active at Piton de la
Fournaise on 31 July 2015 (channel is 4 m across)
Parameters to be
extracted and
related:
Heat flux
Cooling rate
Xtalisation
rate
Vesicularity
Rheology
Velocity
Effusion rate
WP-2B1
STRAP
Basis:
Processing modules for derivation of all plume parameters have been
published, as tested on ballistic rich plumes (Stromboli; Barnie et al.,
2015; Bombrun et al. 2015a) and ash-rich plumes (Santiaguito;
Bombrun et al. 2015b).
Results:
• SO2 and IR camera data collected on Etna are being used to obtain
mass & energy partitioning between gas, particles & lava during
mixed explosive-effusive activity (for publication: see next);
• Image data for particle size distribution have been collected in July
2015 at Piton de la Fournaise & will be used for parameterization
of vent-leaving plume properties.
WP-2B1
STRAP
Thermal movie scene of eruptive cone at Etna in July 2014
(cone is 20 m high)
SC655 with zoom lens;
Frame rate = 200 Hz;
Pixel size = 26 cm;
Initial (max. bounds) for
pyroclastic flux:
9 × 103 kg/s (16 July)
17 × 103 kg/s (17 July)
WP-2A2/A3/B1
STRAP
Prospects & Needs
•
Complete sampling & thermo-rheological analysis of 2010 flow (February,
2016).
•
Full flow field experiment : if LAVA ANR is funded.
•
Reduced experiment: if only CLERVOLC funding is obtained; but deployment of
SO2 and IR cameras will happen through STRAP.
•
•
Application and testing of FLOWGO during eruptive crises;
Development of improved topographic & thermo-rheological relations for lava
flow = Publication and presentation of results
Needs:
Field money, exchange & publication fees; + conference fees
(EGU 2016: AH invited to volcano remote sensing session)
WP-2A2
STRAP
Contributors : J.L. Froger, V. Cayol, R. Grandin, N. Villeneuve, A. Peltier, S. Rivet, P. Ordoqui,
O. Mora.
Last lava flows of Piton de la Fournaise
imaged with new generation radar data.
WP-2A2
STRAP
O. Mora.
Last lava flows of Piton de la Fournaise
imaged with new generation radar data.
ALOS2 SPT DSC LEFT, 15/08/2015 – 29/08/2015
Cohérence ALOS-2 couvrant l’éruption d’Août 2015
WP-2A2
STRAP
O. Mora.
August 29, 2015
September 2, 2015
September 28, 2015
September 30, 2015
October 8, 2015
November 1, 2015
WP-2A2
STRAP
O. Mora.
Beginning of
eruption
End of
eruption
Duration (d)
Location
Emitted
volume (106 m3)
Number of interferograms
04/02/2015
15/02/2015
11.46
WSW
3
11 (3 CSK, 2 TSX/TDX, 2 RS2, 2 S1 IW, 2 ALOS2 SM & SPT)
17/05/2015
30/05/2015
12.70
S & SE
8
11 (2 CSK, 2 TSX/TDX, 1 RS2, 2 S1 SM, 4 ALOS2 SPT)
31/07/2015
02/08/2015
2.06
NNE
4 (?)
10 (2 CSK, 2 S1 SM, 6 ALOS2 SM & SPT)
24/08/2015
??????
>40
SSW + W
9 (?)
4 (2 CSK, 1 S1 SM, 1 ALOS2 SPT)
WP-2B2
STRAP
Contributors : S. Moune and A. Di Muro
Mission PdF (financée par STRAP) en Nov. 2014
• Tests, Calibrations, Mesures MultiGAS et Flyspec/DOAS
(Coll. A. Di Muro)
• Echantillonnage de l’éruption de Juin 2014
Analyses inclusions magmatiques de l’éruption Juin 2014
• par microsonde électronique et LASER
• 2 papiers en cours (Gurioli et al., in prep.; Valer et al.,
in prep.)
Sujet de M2R (LMV) 2015-2016 en collaboration avec A. Di Muro :
• Sujet basé sur la 1ère longue base de données continue des gaz volcaniques (MultiGAS, sur
2ans), avec présence de très nombreuses éruptions. Le but est de déterminer la signification
des tendances gaz (méthode corrélative avec d’autres données acquises pendant la même
période) afin de mieux comprendre (i) les variations des compositions des gaz, (ii) le
comportement du volcan, (iii) son dynamisme de dégazage et à terme de mieux prédire les
éruptions avec les gaz comme outil de surveillance.
• Etudiante: Roberta Spallanzani: Séjour à PdF (financé par STRAP) de Fev. à mi Avril 2016.
WP-2B2
STRAP
Contributors : S. Moune and A. Di Muro
Mission Stromboli en Oct. 2015:
• Tests, Mesures avec MultiGAS et Flyspec du panache de Stromboli
• Techniques en parallèle pour comparaison avec Camera UV, Radar IR, et capteurs gaz sur
drones.
WP-2C1
STRAP
Contributors : F.Donnadieu, M.Gouhier, P.Labazuy, V.Freret-Lorgeril, JF-Smekens
Campagne de mesures multi-instruments à Stromboli 2015 (coord. FD)
 sondage des panaches de cendres pour quantifier les paramètres de charge
-
-
3 Radars (95 GHz Latmos, 24 GHz LaMP, 1.2 GHz LMV), disdromètre laser, échantillonnage au sol (resp.
F. Donnadieu)
Imagerie hyperspectrale : hypercam IR (Telops), caméra UV, Flyspec (resp. M. Gouhier)
Drône (ID2 Solutions): capteurs multigaz SO2-CO2, CPC, DGPS (resp. P. Labazuy)
MRR LaMP
=1,2 cm
Voldorad LMV
=23,5 cm
Basta (Latmos)
=3 mm
(PI F. Donnadieu; financements: ClerVolc, OPGC)
WP-2C1
STRAP
Contributors : F.Donnadieu, M.Gouhier, P.Labazuy, V.Freret-Lorgeril, JF-Smekens
Radars (F. Donnadieu PhAd, V. Freret PhD, F. Peyrin, C. Hervier, T. Latchimy):
- miniBasta 95 GHz Doppler (Latmos) : résolution 12.5m, 1s
- Micro Rain Radar 24 GHz LaMP : 25 m, 10s
- VOLcano Doppler RADar 1.2 GHz LMV : 60 m, 10 Hz
Input:
- Granulométrie des retombées (disdromètre laser, échantillonnage au sol) :
résultats préliminaires = mode 100-300 m ; gamme = 63 m – 2mm
Output:
- Paramètres de charge des cendres : concentration et masse totale de particules
- Durée d’émission des cendres
- Épaisseur de la colonne de cendres dans l’axe des faisceaux
- Vitesses de sédimentation des particules
- Granulométrie du panache : inversion conjointe multifréquence
corrélation croisée avec (i) granulo des retombées, (ii) réflectivité et vitesses des chutes de
cendres, (iii) modèle d’ascension des panaches discrets
- Durée d’émission des balistiques (Voldorad), masse totale, vitesses d’éjection
- Estimations des volumes de gaz au premier ordre
WP-2C1
STRAP
Contributors : M.Gouhier, J-F Smekens
Hyperspectral IR measurements (@ Stromboli)
- Very high spectral resolution (up to 4000 bands in the TIR 7.5 to 1µm)
- Very high time resolution (up to 2000 Hz using interferometer)
- CCD 320 x 256 pixels (with two position: 25° et 6° FOV)
HYPERCAM TELOPS
Datacube snapshot
SO
WP-2C1
STRAP
Hyperspectral: IR measurements (@ Stromboli)
- Very high spectral resolution (up to 4000 bands in the TIR 7.5 to 1µm)
- Very high time resolution (up to 2000 Hz using interferometer)
- CCD 320 x 256 pixels (with two position: 25° et 6° FOV)
Time series of SO2 and Ash index using hypercam data
Datacube snapshot
SO2 INDEX
ASH INDEX
WP-2C1
Satellite: IR measurements of SO2 (@ Bardarbunga)
Quantitative time series of SO2 @ Bardarbunga
- MSG-SEVIRI satellite
- HOTVOLC data
STRAP
WP-2C1
STRAP
Contributors : M.Gouhier, P.Labazuy, Y.Guéhenneux
Satellite: IR measurements of lava (@ Piton de la Fournaise)
- MSG-SEVIRI satellite
- HOTVOLC data
Eruption #
1
2
3
4
Flux Lavique (m3/s)
Start date
20150204
20150517
20150731
20150824
End date
20150215
20150530
20150802
20151031
Duration (days)
11
13
2
68
# Images (MSG-SEVIRI)
1100
1220
198
6528
Thermal anomalies
detected
WP-2C1
STRAP
Contributors : M.Gouhier, P.Labazuy, Y.Guéhenneux
Satellite: IR measurements of lava (@ Piton de la Fournaise)
HOTVOLC Interface
Real-time TADR @ PdF
Real-time geotiff image @PdF
Finances (LMV)
STRAP
2017
2016
2015
Global
Poste de dépense
Montant alloué
Montant dépensé
Montant disponible
logiciels acquis
Matériels
Petit équipement et consommables
mission
Frais de gestion
3 500,00 €
24 000,00 €
1 340,00 €
13 160,00 €
1 680,00 €
3 000,00 €
- €
508,67 €
7 403,19 €
- €
500,00
24 000,00
831,33
5 756,81
1 680,00
Global du projet
43 680,00 €
10 911,86 €
32 768,14 €
logiciels acquis
Matériels scientifiques
mission
Frais de gestion
3 500,00 €
24 000,00 €
1 340,00 €
3 160,00 €
3 000,00 €
- €
508,67 €
7 403,19 €
- €
500,00
24 000,00
831,33
-4 243,19
0,00
Total 2015
32 000,00 €
10 911,86 €
21 088,14
logiciels acquis
mission
Frais de gestion
- €
- €
- €
7 000,00 €
-
€
€
€
€
€
0,00
0,00
0,00
2 756,81
0,00
Total 2016
7 000,00 €
- €
7 000,00
logiciels acquis
mission
Frais de gestion
- €
- €
- €
3 000,00 €
1 680,00 €
- €
0,00
0,00
0,00
3 000,00
1 680,00
Total 2017
4 680,00 €
- €
4 680,00
Finances (OPGC)
STRAP
2015
Global
Poste de dépense
2016
Montant dépensé
Montant disponible
Analyses
Matériels
mission
Publications - Meetings
Frais de gestion
2 500,00 €
25 000,00 €
1 500,00 €
9 928,00 €
4 023,20 €
- €
- €
- €
316,80 €
11 456,80 €
- €
- €
2 500,00
25 000,00
1 183,20
-1 528,80
4 023,20
0,00
Global du projet
42 951,20 €
11 773,60 €
31 177,60 €
25 000,00 €
1 500,00 €
9 480,00 €
- €
- €
316,80 €
11 456,80 €
- €
0,00
25 000,00
1 183,20
-1 976,80
0,00
35 980,00 €
11 773,60 €
24 206,40
Analyses
Matériels
mission
Frais de gestion
Total 2015
2017
Montant alloué
Analyses
Matériels
mission
Frais de gestion
2 500,00 €
- €
- €
- €
1 023,20 €
-
€
€
€
€
€
2 500,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
1 023,20
Total 2016
3 523,20 €
- €
3 523,20
Analyses
Matériels
mission
Frais de gestion
- €
- €
- €
448,00 €
3 000,00 €
- €
0,00
0,00
0,00
448,00
3 000,00
Total 2017
3 448,00 €
- €
3 448,00

2015 - OSU-R

Transcription

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