7. Sylviculture des résineux - Cours en Ligne
Transcription
7. Sylviculture des résineux - Cours en Ligne
!" " # $ !% # & # '# & &# ( !% # "(" " # ( #& # "" * " +# & # # & # #( "/ # # !% " # $ ( && " # ) " "" # +# # 2 $ " & & ) & # & (& " ! # 3 # (" " # # " & " -) # # " * # ) * ! * # #& # & (" " -+ + " % & ) # &"*4 # * +# & & & - 5 " !" " ! " 1 # # ,# . %# ) " 0+# " " !" # $% & " ! ! " ! ! ! # 7 898 ::: , # & # ;< &=>, > ( &# ( -" &# #& # % # & -" # 0-# &) # "(" " # , 1 $% !#&+ # 0 %( " & 0 #& + & " " 4 & # " # 5 " 1 #( & " 7 <66 ::: , ( &# ( & # +# & * E 8: 0 A # 1; 1 D : # , G #& # "(" " # " % → H( # ≠ H( + ##() 9 $ 6 &=>, > ;8 $@ &# % ' ( ' # ) !& ',-% ) % ' ,-B# % $" ( ( I # # &# ;→ , =8 M ∅ M 8: & I +# # ; → (# & 0+ " (" )* + ' % ' 6 " # " - # # I # ( ' #+ # "+ (1 J 1 --( # # &# & # % & "" # ;9 6 &=>, > 0 A 0( +# & #& 1 B "" & # * & * '# * → # "( &) # + ! + "$ !' #+ %-# 0+# ( 1 "( "0 "# # I #( # 4# % + " % 0 "(" # #&+ &" + # + 1 4- + #& I = $@ &=>, > &# # + # " " % -+ # #( % ## "0 " # # " ; #+ &# ( G $+ , " 1 # ; ≠ # & ∅ 0≥ 8: & 1 ) & & 1 " $ # # & --" A !& # # 5 & ," +# - 8: 6 I 6: & 7 @: ::: , # ( &# ( -" ?# ( 1 % # C*& * "(# # + ";< $ K &=>, > 0 + I C< I # I 1 8 $ 6 &=>, > # " % $- + ) " &" ) ( 0 & = && N1 (" " +# ) 0 " :O , 1 % & # # &* # 3 L2 @: I 6: # H( 0 1 ;< 9 &=>, > " 0 ?# ( 1 0* &# 1 # & &# # 6*& ( F #&+ & + ## (" B " #& G H( #& + " % # #& $+ * + $ # 0 "(H (+ A 0 & -") "# B 7 ! # 03# " # ∅ 0≥ 8: & 1 (( 0( # + , -") 6: I 8: C@C>C:1 + !" # $% & 6 # @: ) + 1 "& # # $- + # &# ( ( " . & ! P$ / -") + & & ! "( * P 0 & )" " # "(" " # "% ;) + 1 ,+ + & - # +# # 6I= "(" " # ,& # (#& # &# "R &" ( I" " I,R 0 ! 1 # ! & & & * # "% - -- " → * & # # # ;6 $ 9 # ( &" ( ,R " " 0# & # # # ( # +# 1 # ";" 8 $68 # (& #, + " # -# &" ( #& "& "(" " # 5 ) # - # A , ! "( ( & # $ -%0,R 1 ! + 01 2 I # 0 "( # - S, 1 IL ( 0 "( #( # 1 I , ) →≠ , ) # ; I + " # ; ( 7 8 $6: & I# !+ 9:: $K:: + >, →& # & - # + "( ( & "(" " # ,R &" ( 3 " # ; 8:: $ @:: >, I "(" " # "% I & ; ," #&* I&# ; " #+ ! "# , # &" ) , ##% "0 * "(" # IB * ± &" (" 0 IB # &# # " -) & " * " "0 7 8: &6>, 1 $-# A " ( -") 1 ! * ( % - # # # ! & 0&* " # # #" # ( # "- KI@ & #" # + " # & G ; 6 $ 9 0( & &" ( ,R 1 & #( & 1 #( - , #+ *& ! " $ # # ( + !# ( # # & " ≥ 6::: >, 0 & & & #+ *& -# & (" " (# 3# ( Q - # ,R +# 0 "R 1 # # B 3 -" ) I& ( * 1 # 0& 1 &# " ! + #" + " ,R #&# , ! + 3 &# ( ' ++ + $ 3$ ' - # # =I8 0+ 1 = , ) ; I4 ; # + ; ( 7 8 $6 ×, & ? + " # + 8$ : * & 6:I=: & >, "* # & I5 ; # " # I( 06:I=:>, 1 #( ; "R &" ( I I1 ; # 3 # ; # ,& + "(" # !, # -Q ,R & S# Q 0 Q& # → " & 1 !" # $% & = # ,# # + , 1 ,R ) ! !$ 6 7 48$ 45 7 6 7 58$ 587 6 7 5: $ 6 ; 5: $ 3" L " # L " # ( -→ 6::: I68:: ( >, # $" % +# # # ) " # & & ; # & ; * & * , # " ' & '9 B &* " -# , #+G # # ,#%; "R ! # " (( # " 6:: + #+G ->, ;, # B "% & # -# &" # (# % 3# ( ;,R " " > E =: O I * " ; O → @I6: O # # ;8I< - " 5 & # #+G # "# "# ( # +# " " #, ! # " & A , #& " : M > M 8O # # ; :I 6 # " & "( # B" # ≤ =: &6 & " & & +# # % * ," -#& # "(H " ,+ # B "* & # # & ,#%; -# !% # , # #( # ; " #J ( " " ) # " -# #+G ->, " ( " →" & & %& & ;,R → 3# ( T & # - , > E =8 O I &6 # # ;8I< , ,# ,R !#&+ + " # + ' + L & % <4=>?@ A ! " & 0 C<K1 " % B <4=>=@ ' ' & G 0H( M C: 1 B <4=>C@ ! % ' ' #+ " &# + 3 # ; I # 0 C< 1 IA 0 C<61 3 # % 0 C<K1 5 L 0 CK81 I ##( 1 + &) &# !" # $% & 9 + +# # "( M66 # I" ( " # .& % / # . $ !" & $ 9:>K: ; O → 6@I=: O 6:M *" .& % / 8 M > M 68O # # ;@I : ) " ## ( " # -# &" 1 #- > M 8O # # ; :I 6 L <4=>C@ ! % ' " B & "( → 8:: ( > , + & ;. + "-" . &# #+ " # % <4=>?@ A I! " % " " " ( "# -") &# "" B #+ 3" ( - "# # (( + L " # & & ; # & # ( 5 0& S & .& % / 3# ( 8M > M 68O # # ;@I : + ) ' % ' ' + ! 2 # & "0 + / . ! A ' I$ !# ( I# # -R " + %% 2 -,H I %% 2 → & " "(" " # & T " " % # -0% & # # +# ,#% ( # ∅ #&# 0 # # & - # + 1 % ;&",# # U # T 0 # && $ D ; #& , -# " " # # "( # !" " # & 4 & * I * &" (" ! 0 C=:1 → & #+ #* = ' IU 1 & I" " I,R C: 1 → G ) 0 # ( & # + " 0 * # B !% & # 0 &* 1 & &" (" I ,R " & ,R # " $R " "( * # & % #& &) # --" B# & &" (" I 5 "( # "(" " # ) 5-6 , ; I "# & & # #+ (# ∅ &* "(" " # # #( V I6*& " # (#+ & 06 " # # # 1 "(" " # & % 0 !+# # # &* 1 , ) " 5 L $W ( +# (0 , 1 # & ( # , ,"# ) $ & # # G " -- & 'E $ / I (# # # +# ) I# G ( ! # " # # T ##( I "R ! " + # ##( & → &) I G " " ; 6 • -+ & " 0 + " # # - ##( "R $ & " -" & • P #& P " " #&& ( V • "(" " # # V • ( $ -- V • "* & " ; % # ;B 7 B # ; IB # ; # # # &# &=>, > I ; # # (" " & #& 8 : V I ;- # # # " " : KM M 6 5% * 68 O = & %& & @: &= >, # 8 M • % %; # ( " ( , • " !" # # & +# #Q ( # 6 4 & ' @@K1 # -" $ -# R " →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→ ' 1 F : ( ( ( X ( % ( ( ( X X ED ( ( ( ( ( ( X X X X 48345 F83:8 ?348 1531: :3> 5?315 F3C 5F35C H H % 6G ' D ' $ E 6 <$@ % & ' % <$ 132 3 @ ) &+# " % $+# ; "(" " # ; # X ;) " # $ - # + * A# $& X ( ( " ) # # $&# , !" # $% & < ! ! ' ( !I ! # ) $% I ) % ',$) / %% $% ' ++ J & ' ) * K $% ',' J $ $ ' G % & D$ J % "# "# Y " #&+ #& ' # % # $ # ) " % ' DD 5 " (( , 01 +# & # ,> E :: * -( ( # +# #*( $) ' + 2$ ' D , P # &* I% #- " P I #" , ' , & ' % -% / , & ' % $ & ' $% $ 0 % % % K & J % ' I % 0 ' & I "# & # #- ) % * " &# # " 01 % ) ' &# ( ,+ 5 5-# & -" 2) (& # $ / - # " #" # "(" " # ) * + ,% * * %) % - .* /% %" ( "# . +# # $L "(" " # " !% "% I 4 % ' " 0 * & D " & "% # & % # ) +# ' & !% % ' + D "% ! # # " 01 3 " "(" " # =: $9: # # # , ,+ + %1 !" # $% & @ ) % * + 0 B . # "% ' ) % + $ "(" " # % '9 $ % $ % ( #" ' "R # - % ' + D &" ( ,R I & + " %"/ 2,% * # ' #( * 1 . A " % & + $ %" % ( + , % ) ' 7 8 $ 6 -# & 2 % % ) ' D #&& " " && #( $ 5 # #& 3 --" &# " % D & D ' % ,% * * %) & % % % & D ' % ED % ) D $$ ' ' $ & '9 < $$ D % " ,% 2G @J % % # $ !" # # &) # "(" " # →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→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• D ' D % B R " 5 ( # 0- , # " ; &" # # " # " # • ( ' % # # # + # + & " &* " -$ #&& #( + G ', & ' -& ' / H ( # , + " # # #& / ' " -+ ' % 1 # (& ( # #Q +# J % ( / B "-" & + # "" ) %" • %/ B & # "(" # 1 # # - J 0" ) + # &" 0 - # # T* 5 "( B ") + = 0 D61 I( "+ 5 #& , ) + ,> M @: 0# " # " ", 1) 1 0 M 98: &1 -# 1 - (# % * 0# +# ,# # • " &" # # ) "(" " ) & 5 Y #&& # -" -# , #&& + # 5 R * %( * " #Q # # # +# ,-, ) +# ) & # " # I #&+ % ; (+ #Q -( # :: ( $ 5 , " 2 - - B # --" "# - )5 ) ' B #& . 2 # ' ' <% 32 @ @:: I =:: Q % # # # + # % -# # " # ; # 0 T $ # ) 5 # " & # # # - # # # % % $ $ - + $5 , &" ( 5 " " # # G " " +# ) B & # " % ; &"*4 5 # 5 " " # ) ( # # "R #&& &" ) # #( # 5 " 0+# + 1 K:: I :: # & Q % & % D # - 1 #-- --" + ( +# 5 (* # + )5 + # ,R # ( # B# * #&& - & !" # $% & 9 # + " $ $ # ) •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× 6 &1 " A# 0 #&& B % * 5 1 5( " " '#0&1 =< 6:= ) 0&61 98 6 (0&1 K< 3 %&# " # I "(" " # & :8$ & , I 5 " -# + =CO G & & ) 0 & $-# " +# & B ? 0&=1 K8= # (#( ; 5 #" $5 # 5 * # & * 5 & CCK # L+ B & -# # *+ -# & CC9 ; +# (# "(" " # ; # CCK + 6 * # # G( & & " & 1 # ( 9:O !J ++ , #& #&+ ) ) "(" " # # " # & -# & # 5 + , & & &* # ) # # & %& & , " (" & 5 5 && ," B# & &" (" ># 5 " (( & 5 , " (" & # 5 # : $ 8 & $ 5% # + " " " # #+G # # -%" # # ; I5 # " (( "# # "" # # +# # # # $- + " #\ ) " # & (# + ) I -" ( " # # "# # $ " (( # # % # & # + #&& # # &* " I &* " BJ 2 -', ) )* + && " (( # # # , 8IK & # & " % + #+G #&+ # 6: $6:: # #+G # -%" ,# # * ,+ !" # $% & 8 % 8 8: #$ # + H( && , # D& / L , ( & # $5 ( 5 # $ (# + , 0$-# #Q 5 " ((1 $ -Q B# # , ) 0& + " %" # " 1 " # #& ) 0#Q1 & 0 + # 1 5 " (( T -# * &* " G )5 $8IK & , #" # ) # #&+ 5+ $( # + , "G$ &* 68 # =: & ) 5 " & G )5 $5 #+ # &* &# "( $K: & 5 # # & # # +# # B# &" $ #+ *& # & " ( ( " # $6I= & , # =:: $9:: ( $5 , & ) # ,# " & + #+G - ) - # 5 #+G 5 %*& " ( ( $8IK& L " & # $# ,"& ; 0+ #&& # +# & # + B# + " 0+ ) ' L # I " ( ( "# 3" ( $K::I@:: ( > , 9:: ( > , # ) $'# ≤ @ & " ( ( " # 0- I " ( ( "# $ = # 1 ( > , # ) ∅M I " ( ( $8IK & L # 6 #+G -> , ,# * " $'#7 8>< & "I" ( " B 5 " (( # " (( & " % 061 Q ( ∅ M =: & ( ( $ 8IK & 6:I6:: + * #+G -> , $ "( * " " # $'#7 =>9 & 0 1 # $- + 01 ' Q 061 $= & =::I ∅ M 8 & & =::I9:: 8 & 6:I6:: + & ( ! " !J ++ < ) @ ' % $ 0&61 #( B # '# M < & I 69 O I " # * 6 = # 5 " & & 0≥ K::> ,1 I 5 & & "# * " K: B # $- + ( > ,I 5 "# & * " # ) 8M 6: $ ==I9: 98> K: ==> 98 9:>8: =:I=8 K: ==> =K →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→U - $+# # ( → #&& # " ( # * -# , # $ # 5 # * &" + "( * - # &) # -# G )5 $ " +# "" &* # & " &# " A# " 4 # #, + 8: $ 6:: 5 # # 5 #+G # # ; &" ( 8:M∅ 5% # + "M K: & 5 & 0 ) & # 1 "(" " # -# * # * →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`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→ , ) ≠ H( + ##() * # " "# 7 =: $ 9: O &# ( : + "# = # I "( * ; &" ( & ; H( ; & I ! I - G # ! " ;# + " ) → .G * ,H" # ; ( /→ # "$" #& & 01 "(" " # # 0=1 8: &6 * #( C9< $ C9C & # # + 1 & - * C<K CC:1 → " ) # " # "(" " # "(" " # / =>>0 7 ; % G ' " ! $ * P &# - 3 ?# ( # -R" *( & B# + " # &" (" " → # ( & # # 0=1 + # & &#+ " # "(" " # # ) , + D # 061 " "(#+ & " "(" " # "(" " # 0 C:6 "( * (& --# "(" " # 0 ( ;, % "% ) #3 )# # → "( % # + + • ( / ' ) D P * ! "( * P & # " " G " # 01 061 # & $ ,R → ,+ # # # & → & # ! → #( + ) " # &" ( & "# , ) #&& + ! !&" ( & "(" " # # 0E 8 -# a1 5&" # # 7 # & & # ; ) "( "( * # $ " P # # R # --" :: +# # # &R& &* " ! , # % % P # * # & + & " + " P P • !H( ) - ! )! % # + ' ' • # + "(#+ • " #& • # $# • " # !&" !! " $% " A ",# * ) ' $ 2 '9 $ # - "# + # " # # (& ,) 8 "' % &$ #( #& # & # →= & %& & -# R # " ( P #& ? !&" ( & #( 0 , -"' )@ " ! G 4 " ! + 1 091 & 9 #& .+ ##() /$ A )@ =&> $$ #& &) I &* I& " 4 4 4 4 2$ %$ # # & ,"& ) # +# $ ; !% # + " # " " 0<8M∅M :: # -# ;6=M M=8 &6 #& I I $ $ & $ " & # !+ 0( ; & & 1 1$ 2$ 0$ %$ $ $ $ $ $ # ' !& %% $ " G ( & " % 4# -+ # & 0# # # # ( 1 → , & "( # , (#+ & ) # # + ;G ( 0-# & 1 I # G ( "( * * C8: 0# - #1 & " $ !+ !# G " ## 091 * 0 C=:1 # T # + " # &" # + " # -# # -# I"( * "+ ,+ C:6 I (" " # "# +# $ * & C"& * - "( * " 4 B 4")) # )% A 0$ %$ ! $ ! $ * ≠ 5 # + • 6 & ! • Q& # # • 6 -( I 6 $ $ $ # - --" " # &+ ) " !* & • • -# ?" 0 0$ # ' % %$ $ $ $ $ $ " ' ( +# ##( # # #, " !" + & * " ##( ) * " # % &) ##( # & -# " ##( 1 # # " "# # &" # + , $ • !&" ( & # R # " ; • "+ 3.*% / 4 . !% # + " ) " # " % ,#% • - 35 / % +" * * " # # ) # , , , ! # & & %& & "& , # !#+G -# # -# R N • . # / !% & • # R ; • # ( # ≠ "( * → ( & • + 7 ( # 0( & & ) • # #& ( # &) • -# & # ,#&& + # ! #& ( # & " ##( 0 # * # ) # & # & & " * ) !# & # & -# # &# (" " # X ! I ! ##( I "1 & / ?( & " " -# R SR 6 &)