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zootaxa - Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité

Zootaxa 1789: 66–68 (2008)
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ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
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Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Clarification of the taxonomy of extant crickets of the subfamily Eneopterinae
(Orthoptera: Grylloidea; Gryllidae)
TONY ROBILLARD & LAURE DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 5202 CNRS - CP 50 (Entomologie), 75231
Paris Cedex 05, France; [email protected]; [email protected]
The cricket subfamily Eneopterinae has recently been the focus of many research papers on various subjects ranging
from systematics and phylogeny (Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2004a, 2005, 2006; Desutter-Grandcolas & Robillard, 2006; Robillard, 2006; Otte, 2007), acoustic communication (Desutter-Grandcolas, 1998; Robillard & DesutterGradcolas, 2004b; Robillard et al., 2007), behavioural studies (Preston-Mafham, 2000), life history (Zefa et al., 2006;
Miyoshi et al., 2007), to chromosomal structure (Ferreira & Cella, 2006, and references within).
In term of systematics, a taxonomical group based on the genus Eneoptera has existed since Saussure’s légion
Enéoptérites (De Saussure, 1874) and has remained quite consistent since De Saussure (1878), who included the genera
Eneopterus Saussure (now Eneoptera Burmeister), Nisitrus Saussure, Cardiodactylus Saussure, Piestodactylus Saussure
(now Eurepa Walker), Paraeneopterus Saussure and Ligypterus Saussure. Despite subsequent additions and removals of
several genera and consecutive name changes and/or association to diverse taxonomic ranks (Eneopterites, Eneopteriens,
Eneopterii, Eneopterinae, Eneopterinae A, Eneopterini), it remains easy to trace the core content of this group throughout
literature: it corresponds to Kirby’s (1906) Eneopterinae A, which includes Nisitrus, Lebinthus Stål (including Paraeneopterus as synonym), Dionymus Brunner von Wattenwyl (now Xenogryllus Bolivar), Cardiodactylus, Eurepa,
Ligypterus and Eneoptera; the same group is given a tribe status (Eneopterini) by Chopard (1949, 1968) and Otte (1994),
beside other tribes; and a subfamily status (Eneopterinae), beside the subfamily Tafaliscinae, by Desutter (1990) and in
the latest version of the web database Orthoptera Species File Online (Eades et al., 2007).
According to recent phylogenetic studies based on both morphological (Robillard, 2006; Robillard & DesutterGrandcolas, 2004a) and molecular (Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2006) data sets, the subfamily Eneopterinae is a
monophyletic group structured in five groups of genera, which were given tribe names (Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2004a) according to the Article 29 “Family-group names” of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In
the present paper we analyse and discuss the validity and placement of the extant genera within these tribes.
Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1874
Tribe Eneopterini Saussure, 1874
Type genus: Eneoptera Burmeister, 1838
Included genera
Eneoptera Burmeister (type species: Eneoptera surinamensis (De Geer))
Ligypterus Saussure (type species: Ligypterus heydeni (Saussure))
Ponca Hebard (type species: Ponca venosa Hebard)
Tribe Eurepini Robillard, 2004 (in Robillard and Desutter-Grandcolas 2004a)
Type genus: Eurepa Walker
Included genera
Arilpa Otte and Alexander (type species: Arilpa wirrilla Otte and Alexander)
Eurepa Walker (type species: Eurepa marginipennis (White))
Eurepella Otte and Alexander (type species: Eurepella quarriana Otte and Alexander)
Myara Otte and Alexander (type species: Myara unicolor (Chopard))
Salmanites Chopard (type species: Salmanites obscurifrons Chopard)
Synonym name: Napieria Baehr, syn. n.
66
Accepted by D. Rentz: 15 May 2008; published: 11 Jun. 2008
Napieria’s most characteristic feature is the lack of forewings in both males and females, the female being also
polymorphic for ovipositor length (Baehr, 1989). Close examination of the type material (Zoologische
Staatssammlung München, TR pers. obs.) shows that 13 on 16 specimens of the type series are in fact juveniles, including the male holotype and the only male paratype. According to the coloration of the two adult
female paratypes, described by Baehr (1989) as the long ovipositor form, the species Salmanites muta (Baehr)
would be a valid species close to S. taltantris Otte and Alexander.
Lebinthini Robillard, 2004 (in Robillard and Desutter-Grandcolas 2004a)
Type genus: Lebinthus Stål
Included genera:
Agnotecous Saussure (type species: Agnotecous tapinopus Saussure)
Cardiodactylus Saussure (type species: Cardiodactylus novaeguineae (Haan)
Lebinthus Stål (type species: Lebinthus bitaeniatus (Stål)
Synonym name: Paraneopterus Saussure
This synonymy has been previously proposed by Bolivar (1889) who observed that Paraeneopterus differs
from Lebinthus only by the lack of wings of the female holotype of the only species, P. bitaeniatus Saussure,
which was renamed Lebinthus sausureii Bolivar to avoid homonymy with Lebinthus bitaeniatus Stål. The
genus and afferent species was revived by Chopard (1968); however, new examination of the type specimen in
the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (TR pers. obs.) confirms the synonymy with Lebinthus, and especially
with the species L. bitaeniatus. Furthermore, it seems that the lack of wings of the female type could be due to
an artefact of preservation of the specimen. The holotype of P. bitaeniatus is similar to L. biteaniatus in coloration, size, copulatory papilla, ovipositor and distribution (Philippines). The only valid species is thus L.
bitaeniatus, and L. sausureii is a junior synonym of this species.
Nisitrini Robillard, 2004 (in Robillard and Desutter-Grandcolas 2004a)
Type genus: Nisitrus Saussure
Included genera:
Nisitrus Saussure (type species: Nisitrus vittatus (Haan))
Paranisitra Chopard (type species: Paranisitra longipes Chopard)
Xenogryllini Robillard, 2004 (in Robillard and Desutter-Grandcolas 2004a)
Type genus: Xenogryllus Bolivar
Included genera:
Xenogryllus Bolivar (type species: Xenogryllus eneopteroides Bolivar)
Pseudolebinthus Robillard (type species: Pseudolebinthus africanus Robillard)
Eneopterinae incertae sedis
Swezwilderia Chopard (type species: Swezwilderia bryani Chopard)
According to phylogenetic analyses, the position of Swezwilderia within Eneopterinae is uncertain. The morphological phylogeny places it at the basis of the Nisitrini tribe, as the sister group of (Nisitrus – Paranisitra) (Robillard,
2006; Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2004a). This is contradicted later by the study including both molecular
and morphological characters (Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2006), which puts Swezwilderia within the Lebinthini tribe, as the sister group of Cardiodactylus, as hypothesised by Chopard (1929) when he described the genus.
However, in both studies the position of Swezwilderia is weakly supported. Stabilisation is thus expected before
placing the genus in one tribe or another with confidence.
Acknowledgments
We thank Ulrike Aspöck, from the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria, for her help during the study of Eneopterinae crickets in Vienna collections, funded by the SYNTHESYS European program (AT-TAF-3004).
TAXONOMY OF EXTANT ENEOPTERINAE
Zootaxa 1789 © 2008 Magnolia Press ·
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