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Whale, dolphins and sea birds ID cards
PIRFO Whales, dolphins and sea birds ID cards for Pacific Islands Regional Fisheries Observers Prepared by the Pacific Community Noumea, New Caledonia, 2016 © Pacific Community, 2016 These identification cards are produced by the Pacific Community (SPC) to help with the identification of species of special interest (protected species) encountered by Fisheries Observers while onboard commercial tuna boats that fish in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). The species included in these cards are the ones commonly recorded by observers on tuna vessels operating in the WCPO. The cards can be easily accessed by observers while working on deck during fishing operations to verify and correctly identify species. The cards also assist in training observers operating within the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Convention Area. Printing of these cards was made possible through financial assistance provided by the Japan Trust Fund. This project was coordinated by SPC’s Oceanic Fisheries Programme Fisheries Monitoring Section and Fisheries Information Section. Colour illustrations by Hazel Adams (p. 4-8), Youngmi Choi (p. 11-38); black and white illustrations courtesy of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This publication is based on the Marine species identification manual for horizontal longline fishermen by Chapman et al. (2006). First published – 2006. Original text: English Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Pacific Islands Regional Fisheries Observers (PIRFO): Whales, dolphins and sea birds ID cards for Pacific Islands Regional Fisheries Observers / prepared by the Pacific Community 1. Marine fishes – Identification – Oceania. 4. Fishery management – Oceania. 2. Marine fishes – Classification – Oceania. 5. Fishes – Identification – Oceania. 3. Marine mammals – Identification – Oceania. I. Title II. Pacific Community 597.0995 ISBN: 978-982-00-0994-3 AACR2 Baleen whales Dorsal fin Blowholes Peduncle or tail stock Rostrum Baleen plates Baleen whales Ventral grooves Flipper (pectoral fin) Flanks Flukes 1 Baleen whales 2 Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus Small dorsal fin located far back on the body Body blue/grey mottled colouration BLW Maximum length: 30 m Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus Single median ridge on the rostrum FIW Baleen whales Maximum length: 24 m White lower right jaw 3 Baleen whales 4 Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis Single distinct ridge on the rostrum SIW Maximum length: 18 m Large falcate dorsal fin Bryde’s whale Balaenoptera edeni Three distinct longitudinal ridges on the rostrum BRW Baleen whales Maximum length: 15 m 5 Baleen whales 6 Minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata Dorsal fin is tall and falcate White underside belly White patch on each flipper MIW Maximum length: 9 m Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae Knobby protrusions on rostrum and pectoral flippers Barnacles on the chin Elongated flippers HUW Baleen whales Distinct scalloped edge with a white-flecked underside Maximum length: 16 m 7 Toothed whales 8 Toothed whales Cape (colour, depth and size may depend on sex, age, life status and where they are seen in the water) Forehead (melon) Blowhole Dorsal fin (falcate – shaped like a sickle) Ear Beak or rostrum Fluke notch Flukes Mouth line Mouth Crease Mammary slits (female only) Flipper Belly Navel Uro-genital slit Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus Unique “blow” for a cetacean, with blow directed at an angle forward and to the left Huge square head Low dorsal hump followed by a series of knuckles Body appears wrinkled SPW Toothed whales Maximum length: 18 m 9 Toothed whales 10 Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps Dorsal fin tiny, located after mid-back Body may appear wrinkled Small narrow jaw No creases on throat PYW Maximum length: 3.7 m Short flippers located far forward on body Dwarf sperm whale Kogia simus Dorsal fin tiny, located after mid-back Body may appear wrinkled Small narrow jaw Creases on throat DWW Toothed whales Short flippers located far forward on body Maximum length: 2.7 m 11 Toothed whales 12 Cuvier’s beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris Melon forehead (males white / less distinct in females) Long white “scratches” on upper body and sides (males) Short indistinct beak Two small circular teeth at tip of lower jaw (males) BCW Maximum length: 7 m White to cream blotches on underside Blainville’s beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris Pale blotches all over body “scratches” (males) Flattened forehead Large horn-like teeth erupt from lower jaw (males) Strong arched lower jaw BBW Toothed whales Dark bluish-grey upperside / light grey underside Pale belly Maximum length: 5 m 13 Toothed whales 14 False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens Dorsal fin with pointed tip, located mid-back Indistinct cape when viewed from boat Long slim tapered head Dark body Straight mouth line Distinctive hump on front margin of flippers FAW Maximum length: 6 m Short finned pilot whales Globicephala macrorhynchus Dorsal fin base broad, rounded tip, located well forward Cape or saddle behind dorsal fin often visible Melon shaped head extends past mouth Dark body Upturned mouth line SHW Toothed whales Flippers gently curved, pointed tips Maximum length: 6 m 15 Toothed whales 16 Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra Cape dips below dorsal fin Dorsal fin tall, falcate Head triangular when seen from above Dark body Sharply pointed flippers White lips MEW Maximum length: 2.7 m Pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata Narrow cape Dorsal fin tall, falcate Dark body Head slightly melon shaped Lips, chin and belly white KPW Toothed whales Long flippers with rounded tips Maximum length: 3 m 17 Dolphins 18 Dolphins Eye Cape Dorsal fin (falcate – shaped like a sickle) Forehead Flukes Beak Fluke notch Anus Mouth Mammary slits (females only) Navel Flipper Belly Uro-genital slit Long beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis Flattish forehead Distinct cape, V-shaped below dorsal fin Long beak Wide flipper stripe to mouth DCZ Dolphins Flipper to anus stripe moderately to strongly developed Maximum length: 2.4 m 19 Dolphins 20 Short beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis Light yellow patch Eye patch contrasting in colour Light patch often present on dorsal fin and flippers Distinct cape, V-shaped below dorsal fin Rounded forehead Shorter beak Thin flipper stripe not approaching mouth, narrowing ahead of eyes DCO Maximum length: 2 m Flipper to anal stripe weak or absent Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba Distinct cape markings Moderately long dark beak Thin stripe from eye to flipper DST Dolphins Dark pointed flippers located in white body area Thin stripe from eye to anus Maximum length: 2.6 m 21 Dolphins 22 Indo–Pacific bottle nose dolphin Tursiops aduncus Tall falcate dorsal fin Forehead more gently sloping Longer beak No distinct body markings Pointed flippers DBZ Maximum length: 2.7 m Common bottle-nose dolphin Tursiops truncatus Blunt and abruptly sloping forehead all falcate dorsal fin Short beak Pointed flippers DBO Dolphins No distinct body markings Maximum length: 3.8 m 23 Dolphins 24 Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata Long, narrow white tipped beak Dark band from eye to flipper DPN Maximum length: 2.6 m Dark falcate dorsal fin Distinct cape dips deeply before dorsal fin Spotted body markings that develop with age Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris Tall, dorsal fin varies from triangular to falcate Very long and narrow black-tipped beak Stripe from eye to flipper White belly Long pointed flippers DSI Dolphins Maximum length: 2.1 m 25 Dolphins 26 Fraser’s dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei Small dorsal fin Short beak Belly usually creamy or pinkish Small pointed flippers FDR Maximum length: 2.7 m Broad face to anus stripe Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis Cape that narrows between eye and dorsal fin Sloping head Long beak, often white White to pinkish belly RTD Dolphins Yellow or pinkish “scratches” Maximum length: 2.8 m 27 Dolphins 28 Risso’s dolphin Grampus griseus Tall, slender, falcate dorsal fin, darker than body Distinctive cleft in forehead Blunt head, no beak DRR Body with extensive “scratches” Maximum length: 4 m Killer whale Orcinus orca Dorsal fin straight and tall on males, lower and slightly falcate on females and juveniles Distinct black and white markings on body and head KIW Dolphins Maximum length: 9 m 29 Sea birds 30 Sea birds Wing Plumage Body Nostril Eye Back Tail Bill Stomach or belly Leg Foot Black-footed albatross Diomedea nigripes White patch behind eyes Dark head, body and wings White ring around base of bill Black-brown bill DKN Sea Birds Northern hemisphere distribution 31 Sea birds 32 Laysan albatross Diomedea immutabilis Dark upper wings and back Dark ring around eyes Flesh coloured bill with grey tip DIZ White head, neck and stomach Northern hemisphere distribution Albatrosses Diomedeidae Species in this family have: • Large hooked bill • Large birds • Wing span up to 3.5 m • External nostrils at base of bill, one on each side ALZ Sea Birds 33 Sea birds 34 Boobies and gannets Sulidae SZV Species in this family have: • Large birds • Long wings with wing span up to 2.2 m • Wedge-shaped tail • Stout conical bill Petrels and shearwaters Procellariidae Species in this family have: • Most birds smaller in size (wing span up to 1.5 m, but mainly less than 1 m) except for giant petrel (wing span up to 2.5 m) • Nostrils united in a single tube on top of bill PRX Sea Birds 35 Sea birds Gulls, terns and skuas Laridae Species in this family have: • Generally smaller birds (wing span up to 1 m), with skuas larger (wing span up to 1.8 m) • Nostrils are plain openings on either side of bill • Most birds have grey and white plumage, some with black on head and wings LRD 36 Index Albatrosses33 Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6 Balaenoptera borealis 4 Balaenoptera edeni 5 Balaenoptera musculus 2 Balaenoptera physalus 3 Black-footed albatross 31 Blainville’s beaked whale 13 Blue whale 2 Boobies34 Bryde’s whale 5 Common bottle-nose dolphin 23 Cuvier’s beaked whale 12 Delphinus capensis 19 Delphinus delphis 20 Diomedea immutabilis 32 Diomedea nigripes 31 Diomedeidae 33 Dwarf sperm whale 11 False killer whale 14 Feresa attenuata 17 Fin whale 3 Fraser’s dolphin 26 Gannets34 Globicephala macrorhynchus 15 Grampus griseus 28 Gulls36 Humpback whale 7 Indo–Pacific bottle nose dolphin 22 Killer whale 29 Kogia breviceps 10 Kogia simus 11 Lagenodelphis hosei 26 Laysan albatross 32 Laridae 36 Long beaked common dolphin 19 Melon-headed whale 16 Megaptera novaeangliae 7 Mesoplodon densirostris 13 Minke whale 6 Orcinus orca 29 Pantropical spotted dolphin 24 Peponocephala electra 16 Petrels 35 Physeter macrocephalus 9 Procellariidae 35 Pseudorca crassidens 14 Pygmy killer whale 17 Pygmy sperm whale 10 Risso’s dolphin 28 Rough-toothed dolphin 27 Sei whale 4 Shearwaters35 Short beaked common dolphin 20 Short finned pilot whales 15 Skuas 36 Sperm whale 9 Spinner dolphin 25 Stenella attenuata 24 Stenella coeruleoalba 21 Stenella longirostris 25 Steno bredanensis 27 Striped Dolphin 21 Sulidae 34 Terns36 Tursiops aduncus 22 Tursiops truncatus 23 Ziphius cavirostris 12 PACIFIC COMMUNITY BP D5 • 98848 NOUMEA CEDEX • NEW CALEDONIA Telephone: +687 26 20 00 Facsimile: +687 26 38 18 Email: [email protected] http://www.spc.int/ Funding provided by the Japan Trust Fund of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Prepared for publication at the Pacific Community headquarters, Noumea, New Caledonia, 2016 and printed in Australia by Norwood Industries Pty Ltd.
