B.O.I Hist.Geo written 2008

OPTION INTERNATIONALE DU BACCALAUREAT
SESSION DE JUIN 2008
SECTION : Américaine
EPREUVE : HISTOIRE - GEOGRAPHIE
DUREE TOTALE : 4 HEURES
SUJETS PRINCIPAUX
Le candidat devra traiter UN des deux sujets d‟histoire
Et UN des deux sujets de géographie
HISTOIRE / HISTORY
Le candidat choisit UN des deux sujets d‟histoire
The candidate must choose ONE of the two history questions
SUJET 1
COMPOSITION : ESSAY
Comparez et opposez les actions politiques des Démocrates et des Républicains
entre 1950 et 1970.
Compare and contrast the policies of the Democrats and Republicans in the
1950s and 1960s.
SUJET 2
ÉTUDE D‟UN ENSEMBLE DOCUMENTAIRE : DOCUMENT BASED
QUESTION
La Guerre Froide, 1945-50
The Cold War, 1945-50
Liste des documents :
List of documents :
Document 1 : title: An extract from President Truman‟s letter of 5th January,
1946 to his Secretary of State James Byrnes
Document 2 : title : An extract from the October 1947 Manifesto of the
Cominform, the Communist Information Bureau that the USSR created that
year.
Document 3 : title : An extract from a speech made at Harvard University by
American Secretary of State George Marshall on June 5th. 1947
Document 4 : title : A political cartoon on the formation of NATO
Document 5 : title : An extract from a Russian book on the Cold War
Première partie
PART ONE
Analyser l‟ensemble documentaire en répondant aux questions suivantes :
1. Quelle est la signification des termes « Impérialisme Américain » dans le
document 2 ?
2. Dans le document 2, analysez le point de vue donné sur les actions prises
par les Etats Unis en 1947.
3. Comparez et opposez les documents 1 et 5 en ce qui concerne les causes
de la guerre froide.
4. Analysez la valeur et les limites de l‟un ou l‟autre des documents 3 ou 4
en tant que document historique sur la guerre froide entre 1945 et 1960.
Analyze the documents by answering the following questions :
1. What is meant by the term American Imperialism as used in document 2 ?
2. Analyze document 2‟s explanation of the action taken by the USA in
1947.
3. Compare and contrast documents 1 and 5 as explanations of what caused
the Cold War.
5. Analyze the value and limitations of either document 3 or 4 for historians
studying the Cold War between 1945 and 1950
Deuxième partie
PART TWO
A l‟aide des documents ci-dessus et de vos propres connaissances, développez la
question suivante :
Quelle est la part de responsabilité des Etats Unis dans le déclenchement et le
développement de la Guerre Froide entre 1945 et 1950 ?
By using the documents and your own knowledge answer the following
question :
To what extent was the United States of America responsible for causing and
developing the Cold War between 1945 and 1950?
Document 1 : An extract from President Truman‟s letter of 5th. January 1946 to
his Secretary of State James Byrnes.
There isn‟t a doubt in my mind that Russia intends an invasion of Turkey and
the seizure of the Black Sea Straits to the Mediterranean. Unless Russia is faced
with an iron fist and strong language another war is in the making. Only one
language do they understand: “How many fighting units have you?”… We
should maintain complete control over Japan and the Pacific. We should
rehabilitate China and create a strong central government there. We should do
the same for Korea.Source : An extract from President Truman‟s letter of 5 th.
January 1946 to his Secretary of State James Byrnes.
Document 2 : An extract from the October 1947 Manifesto of the Cominform,
the Communist Information Bureau that the USSR created that year.
The Truman-Marshall Plan is only one part, the European part, of a general plan
of world expansion being carried out by the United States in all parts of the
world. The plan for the economic and political enslavement of Europe by
American imperialism is being complemented by plans for the economic and
political enslavement of China, Indonesia and the South American countries.
Yesterday‟s aggressors, the capitalist leaders of Germany and Japan, are being
prepared by the United States for a new role – that of becoming a weapon of US
imperialist policy in Europe and Asia…
Under these conditions it is essential for the anti-imperialist democratic camp to
unite, to work out a co-ordinated program of action, and evolve its own tactics
Source : An extract from the October 1947 Manifesto of the Cominform, the
Communist Information Bureau that the USSR created that year.
Document 3 :. An extract from a speech at Harvard University by American
Secretary of State George Marshall. June5th. 1947
I need not tell you gentlemen that the world situation is very serious… The truth
of the matter is that Europe‟s requirements for the next three to four years of
foreign foods and other essential products – primarily from America – are so
much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial
economic help, or face economic, social and political deterioration of a very
grave character… Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and
the possibilities of disturbances arising as a result of the desperation of the
people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United States should
be apparent to all. It is logical that the United States should assist in the return of
normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political
stability and no assured peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or
doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos. Its purpose should
be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence
of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist.
Source :
An extract from a speech at Harvard University by American Secretary of State
George Marshall. June5th. 1947
Document 4: A political cartoon on the formation of NATO;
Source : „Plans to form NATO, March 1949‟
By Leslie Illingworth, political cartoonist working for the British
newspaper The Daily Mail;
Document 5: An extract from a Russian book on the Cold War
“Churchill‟s speech in Fulton on March 5 1946 , attacked the Yalta and
Potsdam agreements. In the presence of President Truman, Churchill called on
the US and British governments to take a hard line towards the USSR,
threatened to use the A-bomb and insisted on forming a military alliance against
the USSR. But the Soviet Union did not give up its hopes that co-operation
would continue.
The founding of NATO was clearly aimed at preparing for war against the
USSR. For example, the chairman of the appropriations committee said that
Washington would use NATO to obtain air bases in Europe, from where air
strikes could be made on Moscow. Thus Washington‟s foreign policy was still
based on the US monopoly of the A-bomb. After that the Soviet Union made it
clear that NATO‟s members had broken with the ideas of the anti-Nazi coalition
in the war years.”
Source : „The Roots of European Security‟ by Vadim Kekrasov, published
Moscow, 1984
GÉOGRAPHIE / GEOGRAPHY
Le candidat choisit UN des deux sujets de géographie
The candidate is to choose ONE of the two questions on geography
SUJET 1
COMPOSITION / ESSAY
Donnez les raisons de l‟importance de la région du Rhin pour la puissance de
l‟Europe.
Why is the region around The Rhine such an important aspect of Europe‟s
power?
SUJET 2
ÉTUDE D‟UN ENSEMBLE DOCUMENTAIRE / DOCUMENT BASED
QUESTION
Les points forts et les limites du pouvoir Americain
Strengths of and limitations to American power
Liste des documents:
Documents :
Document 1 : Title: A map showing agricultural resources of the USA
Document 2 : Title: Information about the American multinational company
General Motors
Document 3 : Title : A map showing US military troops and bases around the
world in the 21st. century
Document 4 : Title: Extract from an American journal about American
immigration
Document 5 : Title: Statistics for prisoners in the USA, 2002
Première partie
Part one
Analyser l‟ensemble documentaire en répondant aux questions suivantes:
1. Définissez le terme « melting pot » du document 4.
2. Que révèle le document 1 sur l‟agriculture des Etats Unis ?
3. Documents 3 et 5 nous informent sur la puissance des Etats Unis au 21ème
siècle. Quels sont les points de comparaison et d‟opposition de cette
information ?
4. Qu‟est-ce que le document 2 ne révèle pas sur la puissance de « General
Motors »
Analyze the documents by answering the following questions :
1. Explain the term „melting pot‟ as used in document 4.
2. What does document 1 show about US agriculture ?
3. In what ways do documents 3 and 5 compare and contrast in terms of their
information about the power of the USA in the 21st. century?
4. What does document 2 not reveal about the power of General Motors ?
Deuxième partie
PART TWO
By using the documents and your own knowledge analyze the strengths of and
limitations to the power of the USA.
A l‟aide des réponses aux questions, des informations contenues dans les
documents et de vos connaissances, rédigez une réponse organisée au sujet :
« (recopier ici l‟intitulé du sujet)»
Document 1 : Map showing agricultural resources of the USA
Source : www.ers.usda.gov/resourceregions
Document 2 : Information about the American multinational company General
Motors
General Motors Corporation, also known as GM or GMC, is the world‟s largest
car manufacturer. Founded in 1908 in Flint, Michigan, GM employs
approximately 284,000 people around the world. With global headquarters at the
Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, USA GM manufactures its cars and
trucks in 33 countries. Their European headquarters is based in Zurich,
Switzerland. In 2005, 9.17 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under
the following brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Daewoo, Holden,
Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall
Source : An extract from General Motors website, 2007
Document 3 : A map showing US military troops and bases around the world in
the 21st. century
Source : www.ecclectica.ca/issues/2003/1/baker.asp.
Document 4 : Extract from an American journal about American immigration
“Over the last thirty years or so it seems we‟ve shifted. Instead of people of
different ethnic groups coming to the US and everyone picking up little bits and
pieces of the various cultures we‟ve fragmented. Instead of a melting pot we
seem to have become more of a mosaic. Groups still come to the US but they
seem to retain their own cultural identity and the „melting in‟ seems to be
discouraged instead of encouraged.
The Irish, Germans, Poles etc of earlier generations always maintained a large
part of their cultural heritage but they seemed to overcome that and accept being
a part of the larger whole.
It seems today that those that come to the US want to recreate their home
country here instead of melting. We have clear (and sometimes divisive) walls
that separate us…..
Today immigrants can watch Mexican soap operas on TV and regularly fly back
and forth to Mexico on cheap flights…immigrants can read the Korean news at
the same time it is being read in Korea… In Los Angeles you don‟t even hear
nor need to speak English…
We are in a period of transition, departing from the time in which we accepted
only one set of values as the truthful way of living… The mind of the future
American will be polycentric…”
Source : Extract taken from the journal ‟America Today‟, 2006
Document 5: Statistics for prisoners in the USA, 2002
Source: International Center for prison Studies, King‟s College, London,
2002
OPTION INTERNATIONALE DU BACCALAUREAT
SESSION DE JUIN 2008
SECTION : Américaine
EPREUVE : HISTOIRE - GEOGRAPHIE
DUREE TOTALE : 4 HEURES
SUJETS DE SECOURS
Le candidat devra traiter UN des deux sujets d‟histoire
Et UN des deux sujets de géographie
HISTOIRE / HISTORY
Le candidat choisit UN des deux sujets d‟histoire
The candidate must choose ONE of the two history questions.
SUJET 1
COMPOSITION :/ ESSAY
Question 1
Comment La Guerre Froide a-t-elle change dans les années 50 et dans les
années 60 ?
In what ways did the Cold War change in the 1950’s and 1960’s?
SUJET 2
ÉTUDE D‟UN ENSEMBLE DOCUMENTAIRE : Document based
question
Question 2
Les Etats Unis à la fin des années 60 et au début des années 70.
The USA in the later 1960’s and early 1970’s.
Liste des documents
List of documents :
Document 1 : titre An extract from the inaugural address of President Richard
Nixon, January 20, 1969.
Document 2 : titre An extract from The World Since 1900 by Josh Brooman
1987.
Document 3 : titre An extract from Modern World History by Norman Lowe
1997.
Document 4 : titre A cartoon published in .
Document 5 : titre An extract from Henry Kissinger’s speech at Richard
Nixon’s funeral in 1994.
Première partie
Part one
Analyser l‟ensemble documentaire en répondant aux questions suivantes
1. Que nous révèle document 1 sur le Etats Unis à l‟arrivée au pouvoir de
Richard Nixon ?
2. Dans quelle mesure les documents 2 et 3 sont-ils en accord sur la
conduite de Richard Nixon et de ses aides durant le mandat ?
3. Quel message nous est transmis dans le document 4 ?
4. Mesurez la valeur historique des documents pour les historiens de cette
époque.
Analyze the documents by responding to the following questions :
1. What does document 1 reveal about the USA when Richard Nixon
became President in 1969 ?
2. To what extent do documents 2 and 3 agree about the way in which
Richard Nixon and his aids conducted themselves whilst in power ?
3. What is the message of document 4 ?
4. Evaluate one of the documents as historical evidence for historians
studying the USA during these years.
Deuxième partie
Part two
A l‟aide des réponses aux questions, des informations contenues dans les
documents et de vos connaissances personnelles, analysez les changements
apportés par le gouvernement Nixon à la politique intérieure des Etats Unis et
aux
affaires
étrangères.
By using the documents and your own knowledge analyze the changes
Nixon’s Republican administration brought to American domestic and
foreign
policy.
Document 1 : An extract from the inaugural address of President Richard M.
Nixon, January 20, 1969.
Standing in this same place a third of a century ago, Franklin Delano Roosevelt
addressed a Nation ravaged by depression and gripped in fear. He could say in
surveying the Nation‟s troubles : “They concern, thank God, only material
things”. Our crisis today is the reverse. We have found ourselves rich in goods,
but ragged in spirit; reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but
falling into raucous discord on earth. We are caught in war, wanting peace. We
are torn by division, wanting unity. We see around us empty lives, wanting
fulfillment ... The simple things are the ones most needed today if we are to
surmont what divides us, and cement what united us. To lower our voices would
be a simple thing. In these difficult years, America has suffered from a fever or
words; from inflated rhetoric that promises more than it can deliver; from angry
rhetoric.... We cannot learn from one another until we stop shouting at one
another....
Document 2 : An extract from “The World since 1900” by Josh Brooman 1987.
He was secretive, suspicious and narrow minded. He appointed to his Cabinet
and to his White House Staff men who were ambitious for power but who
appeared to have no constructive ideas about what to do with it. As the anti-war
protest movement grew in force, Nixon failed to understand the passions raised
by the offensive he ordered against Cambodia. His response was to ... tap the
telephones of government officials he suspected of “leaking” information, and to
try to set up a National Security committee with powers to open student‟s mail
and bug their rooms.
Document 3 : An Extract from “Modern World History” from Norman Lowe
published in the UK, 1997.
A number of men were charged with having broken into the Democratic Party
offices in the Watergate Building, Washington, in June 1972 during the
presidential election campaign. They had planted listening devices and
photocopied important documents. It turned out that the burglary had been
organised by leading members of Nixon‟s staff who were sent to jail. Nixon
insisted that he knew nothing about the affair, but suspicion mounted when he
consistently refused to handover tapes to the White House, which, it was
thought, would settle matters one way or the other. He received a further blow
when his Vice-President Spiro Agnew was forced to resign in December 1973
after facing charges of bribery and corruption... Nixon was called on to resign,
but refused even when it was discovered that he had been guilty of tax evasion.
Document 4: A Bill Maudlin cartoon published in The Sun Times, Chicago,
1966
Document 5 : An extract from Henry Kissinger‟s speech at Nixon‟s funeral in
1994.
When Richard Nixon took office 550,000 Americans were engaged in combat
far from the USA... The USA had no contact with China... no negotiations with
the USSR...When he left office ... the end of the war in Vietnam ... permanent
dialogue with China... eased tensions with the USSR ... the European Security
Conference was establishing human rights. Nixon led from strength at a moment
of apparent weakness laying the basis for victory in the Cold War...
GÉOGRAPHIE / Geography
Le candidat choisit UN des deux sujets de géographie
SUJET 1 / Question 1 COMPOSITION / ESSAY
Analysez l‟importance du littoral Est pour la puissance Américaine.
How does the eastern seaboard of the USA contribute to American power?
SUJET 2 / Question 2
question
Etude d‟un ensemble documentaire / Document based
Russian reconstruction
Liste des documents:
Documents :
Document 1 : title: A summary of a report for President Putin, 2002
Document 2 :title: A map showing Russian gas pipelines to Europe
Document 3 : title : Graphs of the Russian economy since the collapse of
communism
Document 4 : title : An article on Russian energy
Document 5 : title : An extract from a speech by a Russian minister on Russia‟s
demographics
Première partie
Part one
Analyser l‟ensemble documentaire en répondant aux questions suivantes
1. D‟après le document 5 comment la population Russe empêche-t-elle le
développement du pays ?
2. Que nous révèle le document 3 sur l‟économie de la Russie durant la
décennie qui a suivi la chute du communisme ?
3. Que nous révèlent les documents 2 et 4 sur les ressources énergétiques
de la Russie ?
4. Comment l‟ensemble des documents explique-t-il les problèmes
environnementaux de la Russie ?
Analyze the documents by answering the following questions:
1. According to document 5 how is Russia‟s population impeding Russian
development ?
.
2.What does document 3 show about Russia‟s economy in the decade
following the fall of communism?
3. What do documents 2 and 4 reveal about Russian energy resources?
4. How do the documents explain Russian environmental problems ?
Deuxième partie
Part two
A l‟aide des réponses aux questions, des informations contenues dans les
documents et de vos connaissances, analysez les principales caractéristiques de
la reconstruction russe depuis la chute du communisme.
By using the documents and your own knowledge analyze the main
characteristics of Russian reconstruction since the fall of communism.
Document 1 : A summary of a report for President Putin, 2002
Sixty per cent of Russians live in an environment harmful to their health. There
is a lack of access to safe drinking water, and poor facilities for dealing with
waste.
Russia's environmental problems are getting worse with no sign of urgent action
from the country's authorities. Environmental conditions, contribute to the
deaths of 300,000 Russians a year - far exceeding the number who die in road
accidents. Nearly 65 million Russians live in areas where air pollution exceeds
safe levels, leading, in turn, to a rapid growth in the number of chronic
respiratory disorders. Drinking water is unsafe in half the country's regions,
while the soil is increasingly infertile and forest fires ever more common.
About 10% of Russian children are born with deformities. This figure increases
by an estimated 2% annually. Of the 9 million babies born in 1993, only 9%
were completely healthy. Birth defects are a result of nuclear fallout, industrial
pollution, and various other factors.
There has been a catastrophic decline in official spending on efforts to protect
the environment, which currently amounts to just one-tenth of its level during
the last few years of the Soviet Union.
source : http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2512697.stm
Document 2 : A map showing Russian gas pipelines to Europe
source : http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4579648.stm
Document 3 : Graphs of the Russian economy since the collapse of communism
source :
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456974/html/nn1pa
ge1.stm
Document 4 : An article on Russian energy
Russia pumps 7.2 million barrels a day and increased output last year by
520,000 barrels a day. A recent study by the Moscow-based Troika Dialog
investment bank predicted that by the end of the decade, Russia could be “by
far, the dominant global energy supplier.'' Russia's economy grew by a timid 1.8
percent in 1999, but then expanded by 8.2 percent in 2000.
Russia's proven energy reserves are massive.The country is currently extracting
just a fraction of its reserves, estimated at 50 trillion cubic metres of gas and 75
billion barrels of oil.
Yet its output has reached fresh highs on the back of recent surges in energy
prices, with oil production close to topping 10 million barrels per day and gas
production standing at about 600 million cubic metres.
Russia is the world's second largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia, and the
world's largest gas exporter.
"Russia is a huge, almost limitless, supplier of gas, and this makes it probably
more powerful now than it was during the Cold War," observes Stephen
Machin, the head of power and utilities at KPMG, a consultancy firm.
"One has to maintain good relations with Russia now," says Mr Machin.
"Gazprom and Rosneft are now able to play on the global stage, which they
weren't able to do before."
Source http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5120360.stm
Document 5 : An extract from a speech by a Russian minister on Russia‟s
demographics
The Russian population problems impedes active social and economic
development of many regions of Russia. The average birth rate in Russia is 10
births for every 1,000 people, while in countries with comparable average
income level this indicator reaches 17 births per thousand. The average death
rate in Russia is 16 deaths for every 1,000 people. 15% of Russian couples are
infertile and 75% of Russian women who have serious medical problems during
pregnancy: This trend might lead to the decrease in the population of Russia by
one-third in 40-50 years. At present, 60% of the Russian population are elderly
people, children and invalids.
We have 10 million working women. Among 20 million able-bodied men, 1
million are in prison, 4 million serve in the army, law enforcement or securityrelated bodies, 5 million are unemployed, 4 million are chronic alcoholics and 1
million are drug-addicts.
source : Vladimir Yakovlev, Russian Minister of Regional Development
2005 Conference Demographics and Labour Resources
GÉOGRAPHIE / GEOGRAPHY
Le candidat choisit UN des deux sujets de géographie
The candidate must choose ONE of the two questions on geography
SUBJECT 1 COMPOSITION / ESSAY
Argumentez les principales caractéristiques du développement du Sud en vous
appuyant sur au moins deux exemples.
Discuss the main characteristics of the development of the South, with
reference to at least two examples.
SUBJECT 2 Etude d‟un ensemble documentaire / Document based question
Liste des documents
List of Documents:
Document 1: an excerpt from a speech by the former Chief Economist at the
World Bank
Document 2: an extract from „The World is Flat: A Brief History of the 20th
Century‟ by Thomas Freidman
Document 3: a chart showing percentages of people living on less than $2 per
day
Document 4: a map showing the prevalence of people with HIV throughout the
world
Document 5: a map showing population growth rates and undernourishment
levels in countries around the world.
Première partie
Part one
Analysez les documents en répondant aux questions suivantes
1. Que nous révèle le document 2 sur les changements apportés par la
globalisation ?
2. Quel est le message de base du document 4 ?
3. Comment le document 3 soutient-il les arguments du document 1 ?
4. En utilisant le document 5, quels arguments peut-on avancer sur la
relation entre l‟accroissement de population et la malnutrition ?
Analyze the documents by answering the following questions:
1. What does document 2 reveal about the ways in which globalization is
changing the world?
2. What is the basic message of document 4?
3. In what ways does document 3 support the statements in document 1?
4. Using source 5, what arguments could you make about the
relationship between population growth and undernourishment?
Deuxième partie
Part Two
A l‟aide des réponses aux questions précédentes, l‟information contenue dans
les documents et de vos connaissances, définissez la globalisation et analysez les
principales problématiques auxquelles elle doit faire face.
By using the documents and your own knowledge, define globalization and
analyze the major issues facing globalization today.
Document 1
excerpt from a speech of the former Chief Economist of the World Bank
Globalization often has been a very powerful force for poverty reduction, but
too many countries and people have been left out. Important reasons for this
exclusion are weak governance and policies in the non-integrating countries,
health issues, tariffs and other barriers that poor countries and poor people face
in accessing rich country markets, and declining development assistance.
Some anxieties about globalization are well-founded, but reversing globalization
would come at an intolerably high price, destroying the prospects of prosperity
for many millions of poor people. We do not agree with those who would retreat
into a world of nationalism and protectionism. That way leads to deeper poverty
and it is fundamentally hostile to the well-being of people in the developing
countries. Instead, we must make globalization work for the poor people of the
world.
Source: Nicholas Stern, Former Senior Vice President and Chief Economist,
The World Bank, quoted at www.econ.worldbank.com in 2002.
Document 2
excerpt from „The World is Flat: A Brief History of the 21st Century‟
No one ever game me direction like this on a golf course before: “Aim at either
Microsoft of IBM.” I was standing on the first tee at the KGA Golf Club in
downtown Bangalore, in southern India, when my playing partner pointed to
two shiny glass-and-steel buildings off in the distance, just behind the first
green. The Goldman Sachs building wasn‟t done yet; otherwise he could have
pointed that out as well and made it a threesome. HP and Texas Instruments had
their offices on the back nine, along the tenth hole. That wasn‟t all. The [golf]
tee markers were from Epson, the printer company, and one of the caddies was
wearing a hat from 3M. Outside, some of the traffic signs were also sponsored
by Coca-Cola, and the Pizza Hut billboard on the way over showed a steaming
pizza, under the headline “Gigabites of Taste!”
No, this definitely wasn‟t Kansas [United States]. It didn‟t even seem like India.
Was this the New World, the Old World, or the Next World?
Source : from „The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the 21st Century‟ by
Thomas Freidman, 2005
Note the following:
Goldman Sachs is a major investment bank in the United States.
A caddie is a golfing assistant
3M is a major product company based in the United States.
Document 3
Chart showing percentage of people living on $1 or $2 per day
Percent
age of
%
people
Change
Area
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002
who are
1981living
2002
on…
Less
57.7 38.9 28.0 29.6 24.9 16.6 15.7 11.1
than $1
-80.76%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
East
a day
Asia
and
Less
Pacific
84.8 76.6 67.7 69.9 64.8 53.3 50.3 40.7
than $2
-52.00%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
a day
Less
11.8 10.9 11.3 11.3 10.7 10.5
than $1 9.7%
8.9% -8.25%
%
%
%
%
%
%
a day
Latin
Ameri
ca
Less
29.6 30.4 27.8 28.4 29.5 24.1 25.1 23.4
than $2
-29.94%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
a day
Less
41.6 46.3 46.8 44.6 44.0 45.6 45.7 44.0
than $1
+5.77%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Suba day
Sahara
n
Less
Africa
73.3 76.1 76.1 75.0 74.6 75.1 76.1 74.9
than $2
+2.18%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
a day
Source : World Bank, Poverty Estimates, 2002 www.worldbank.com
Document 4
Map showing the prevalence percentage of Adults with HIV
Source: WHO (World Health Organization), World Health Report 2006
Document 5
Map of world population growth rates and undernourishment
SOURCE: FAOSTAT Statistics Division, Rome 2003, shown on
http://www.fao.org/statistics/chartroom/img/charts/gfap/map17.gif
HISTOIRE / HISTORY
Le candidat choisit UN des deux sujets d‟histoire
The candidate must choose ONE of the two history questions
SUJET 1 COMPOSITION : ESSAY
Question 1
Comparez et opposez les causes et conséquences, pour les Etats Unis, de leurs
guerres en Corée et au Vietnam.
Compare and contrast the causes and effects for the USA of their wars in
Korea and Vietnam.
SUJET 2 Etude d‟un ensemble documentaire / Document based question :
Question 2
De-colonisation
Liste des documents
Documents
Document 1 : titre / title: United Nations Charter, October 24, 1945
Document 2 : titre / title: An extract of a speech given by Jawaharlal Nehru,
Prime Minister of India, at the Bandung Conference, 1955
Document 3 : titre / title : An extract from Harold Macmillan’s Wind of
Change speech to the South African parliament in Cape Town, 3 February,
1960.
Document 4 : titre/ title: An extract from General de Gaulle’s speech,
Brazzaville Conference, January 1944.
Document 5 : titre /title: An extract from Time Magazine, published New
York, USA, 16th August, 1954
Première partie
Part One
Analyser l‟ensemble documentaire en répondant aux questions suivantes (5
au maximum):
1. Définissez le terme « self détermination » dans le document 1vis à vis de
la décolonisation après 1945.
2. Quel est le message du document 2.
3. Faites ressortir les différences de vues sur la décolonisation dans les
documents 3 et 4.
4. Mesurez les valeurs et les limites du document 5 en tant que référence
historique pour l‟étude du processus de décolonisation.
Analyze the documents by responding to the following questions:
1. Explain the significance of the term „self-determination‟ in
document 1, with regards to de-colonization after 1945.
2. What is the message of document 2?
3. In what ways do documents 3 and 4 differ in their views of decolonization ?
4. What are the values and limitations of document 5 for an historian
studying the de-colonization process?
Deuxième partie
Part Two
A l‟aide des réponses aux questions, des informations contenues dans les
documents et de vos connaissances, comparez et opposez les procédés employés
par la Grande Bretagne et la France lors de l‟abandon de leur empire après
1945. Argumentez en vous appuyant sur au moins 2 exemples.
By using the documents and your own knowledge, compare and contrast the
ways Britain and France gave up their Empires after 1945.
Discuss with reference to at least two examples.
Document 1: The United Nations Charter, October 24th, 1945
We the peoples of the United Nations determined to save succeeding
generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought
untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in
the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and
women and of nations large and small…
Article 1: The purposes of the United Nations are:
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle
of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate
measures to strengthen universal peace;
Document 2: An extract of a speech given by Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister
of India, at the Bandung Conference, 1955
We send our greetings to the great countries of Europe and America. We want
to be friends with them and cooperate with them. But Europe and America are
in the habit of thinking that their quarrels are the world's quarrels, and, therefore,
the world must submit to them this way or that way. Why should I be dragged
into their quarrels and wars? I hope we shall keep away from those quarrels.
Are we copies of Europeans, Americans or Russians? We are Asians or
Africans and none else. For anyone to tell us that we have to be camp-followers
of Russia or America or any country in Europe is not very creditable to our new
dignity, our new independence, our new freedom, our new spirit.
Document 3: An extract from Harold Macmillan‟s Wind of Change speech to
the South African parliament in Cape Town, 3rd February, 1960.
The most striking of all impressions I have formed since I left London a month
ago, is of this African national consciousness. In different places it may take
different forms, but it is happening everywhere. The wind of change is blowing
through the continent whether we like it or not this growth of national
consciousness is a political fact, and our national policies must take account of
it…
For its causes are to be found in the achievements of western civilisation, in the
pushing forwards of the frontiers of knowledge, the applying of science to the
service of human needs, in the expanding of food production, in the speeding
and multiplying of the means of communication, and perhaps above all and
more than anything else in the spread of education.
As I have said, the growth of national consciousness in Africa is a political fact,
and we must accept it as such. That means, I would judge, that we've got to
come to terms with it. I sincerely believe that if we cannot do so we may imperil
the precarious balance between the East and West on which the peace of the
world depends.
Document 4 : An extract from General de Gaulle‟s speech,
Brazzaville Conference, January 30th1944.
The colonising work of France makes it impossible to accept the idea of
autonomy for the colonies or any possibility of development outside the French
Empire. Even at a distant date, there will be no self-government in the
colonies…
What we have done to develop the riches of the country and for the well-being
of the population in this forward march can be seen by all who visit the country
and who want to see. But like a stone on a slope, which rolls faster all the time,
the work we undertook extends its scope. When the present world war began it
was already obvious that we must put the development of Africa, the human
progress of its inhabitants and the exercise of French sovereignty on a new
footing.
As is always the case, the war itself is precipitating this evolution. In the first
place, until today a large part of the war has been fought in Africa and the
absolute and relative importance of the resources, lines of communication and
the troops from Africa has been apparent in the harsh light of the theatres of
operations. Secondly and more important, this war is about nothing more or less
than the conditions of life of mankind and the psychological forces which have
been released everywhere make every individual raise his head, look around him
and question his destiny.
If any imperial power is to learn these lessons and choose a noble, liberal road
for the future, that power is France. She means to lead the 6o million men who
are associated with her 42 million down that road. First and foremost because
she is France, that is to say a nation whose immortal talent is designed for
innovations which, little by little, lift men to the summit of dignity and brotherly
love where, one day, all will meet. Next because in the chaos into which a
temporary defeat had thrown her, the populations of all her overseas territories
in all parts of the world remained faithful and enabled her to find bases from
which to plan the liberation. This is an unbreakable tie between France and her
Empire. Finally, because, learning from her defeat, France is animated by a zeal
and wish for regeneration both for herself and for her dependencies.
Document 5 : An extract from Time Magazine, published New York, USA, 16th
August, 1954
The French found North Africa largely desert, and in places they have made it
bloom. The million and a half Frenchmen who now live there regard it as their
home. Equally important, France‟s African empire, all of which might fall if
strategic North Africa is lost, is the last remaining assurance that France is a
great power…Some kind of French retreat seems inevitable in North Africa, as
it was in Indo-China. The question is whether it will be made in good order.
“We must leave”, said one French settler. “It could still be done today, gradually
and without catastrophe.” True, some French colonists may lose their estates.
But if things go on as they are, they may lose their heads as well.
SUJET 1
COMPOSITION (inscrire ici l’intitulé du sujet)
SUJET 2
ÉTUDE D’UN ENSEMBLE DOCUMENTAIRE :
(inscrire ici l’intitulé du sujet)
Liste des documents (5 documents au maximum):
Document 1 : titre
Document 2 : titre
Document 3 : titre
Document 4 : titre
Document 5 : titre
Première partie
Analyser l‟ensemble documentaire en répondant aux questions suivantes (5 au
maximum):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Deuxième partie
A l‟aide des réponses aux questions, des informations contenues dans les
documents et de vos connaissances, rédigez une réponse organisée au sujet :
« (recopier ici l‟intitulé du sujet)»
Document 1 : titre
Source :
Document 2 : titre
Source :
Document 3 : titre
Source :
Document 4 : titre
Source :
Document 5 : titre
Source :