Proceedings of the Tahiti Aquaculture Conference
Transcription
Proceedings of the Tahiti Aquaculture Conference
© SPC, 2012 – Cover design: Muriel Borderie –SPC Publications Section Proceedings of the Tahiti Aquaculture Conference 6—11 December 2010 Proceedings of the Tahiti Aquaculture Conference 6–11 December 2010 Compiled by Antoine Teitelbaum and Georges Remoissenet Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Noumea, New Caledonia, 2012 © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), 2012 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Teitelbaum, Antoine Proceedings of the Tahiti Aquaculture Conference: 6–11 December 2010 / compiled by Antoine Teitelbaum and Georges Remoissenet 1. Aquaculture — Oceania. 2. Aquaculture — French Polynesia. 3. Aquaculture — management — Oceania. I. Teitelbaum, Antoine II. Remoissenet, Georges III. Title IV. Secretariat of the Pacific Community 639.20995 AACR2 ISBN: 978-982-00-0546-4 Cover photo: Setting up a giant clam spat collecting device in Tatakoto lagoon, Eastern Tuamotus, French Polynesia ii Contents Acronyms ........................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... v 1 Executive Summary .................................................................................. 1 2 INTRODUCTION: ..................................................................................... 1 3 MEETING AIM AND APPROACHES........................................................ 2 4 REGIONS ................................................................................................. 2 4.1 Background: ...................................................................................... 2 4.1.1 Aquaculture in the Pacific: .......................................................... 3 4.1.2 Aquaculture in French Overseas departments and territories ... 3 4.1.3 Aquaculture in French Polynesia ................................................ 4 4.1.4 Aquaculture in European affiliated islands.................................. 5 4.2 NATIONAL PRESENTATIONS: ........................................................ 6 5 AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT ........................ 7 5.1 Context and presentations ................................................................. 7 5.2 Session summary and outputs .......................................................... 8 5.2.1 Identifying the main issues ......................................................... 8 5.2.2 Solution proposed and developed .............................................. 8 5.2.3 Outcomes ................................................................................... 9 6 CAPTURE BASED AQUACULTURE (INCLUDING PCC) ...................... 11 6.1 Context and presentations ................................................................... 11 6.2 PCC session summary and outputs ....................................................... 12 6.2.1 Identifying the main issues ....................................................... 12 6.2.2 Solution proposed developed ................................................... 12 6.2.3 Key outcomes ........................................................................... 12 7 HATCHERY BASED AQUACULTURE – MARINE FINFISH .................. 13 7.1 Context and presentations ................................................................... 13 7.2 Hatchery session summary and outcomes ............................................. 15 7.2.1 Identifying the main issues ....................................................... 15 7.2.2 Solutions proposed and developed .......................................... 15 7.2.3 Outcomes key factors ............................................................... 16 8 SHRIMP AQUACULTURE IN PICTS (and small island nations) ............ 17 8.1 Context and presentations ................................................................... 17 8.2 Shrimp session summary and outcomes ......................................... 19 8.2.1 Identifying the main issues ....................................................... 19 8.2.2 Solution proposed..................................................................... 20 8.2.3 Outcomes key factors ............................................................... 21 9 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTIONS ..... 21 9.1 Context and presentation................................................................. 21 9.2 Economic session summary and outcomes..................................... 23 10 GOVERNANCE AND AQUACULTURE .............................................. 24 10.1 Context and presentation................................................................. 24 10.2 Governance session summary and outcomes ................................. 25 11 “STUDY TOUR” .................................................................................. 26 12 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ................................................................ 27 Appendix A Resource persons ................................................................. 29 Appendix B Participants list ...................................................................... 30 iii Tables Table 1 : current aquaculture operation in French Polynesia ........................... 5 Table 2: Aquatic animal health and the environment presentations ................. 7 Table 3: Capture based aquaculture author and presentations ..................... 11 Table 4: Hatchery based aquaculture presentations ...................................... 13 Table 5: Shrimp aquaculture in PICTs author and presentations................... 18 Table 6: Aquaculture social and economic development presentations......... 22 Table 7: Issues and solutions for economic development in tropical islands . 23 Table 8: Governance and aquaculture presentations .................................... 24 Table 9: Issues and solution for governance in aquaculture ......................... 25 Acronyms AAHU : Australian Animal Health Unit AUSAID : Australian Aid BMP : Best Management Practices CAPF : Coopérative des Aquaculteurs de Polynésie Française CBA : Capture Based Aquaculture CIRAD : Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement CNEXO : Centre National pour L’Exploitation des Océans COP : Centre Océanographique du Pacifique CRIOBE : Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement de Polynésie Française DOM : Département d’Outre Mer FP : French Polynesia GIE : Groupement d’Interets Economiques IFREMER : Institut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer IT : Information technology MERIP : Marine and Environmental Research Institute of Ponhpei NACA : Network of Aquaculture Centers of Asia NC : New Calédonia NFC : Northern Fisheries Center NIWA : National Institute for Weather and Atmospheric Research (New Zealand) NGO : Non Governmental Organisation ODEADOM : Office de Développement de l´Economie Agricole des départements d’OutreMer OIE : Office International des Epizooties PCC : Post Larval Capture and Culture PICTS : Pacific Islands Countries and Territories PNG : Papua New Guinea PTOM : Pays et Territoires d’Outre Mer R&D : Research and Development SPE : Service de la Pêche SPC : Secretariat of the Pacific Community SPF : Specific pathogen free TA2010 : Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 UAOM : Union des Aquaculteurs d’Outre Mer iv Acknowledgements The Service de la Peche of French Polynesia Government (SPF) and Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) would like to acknowledge and thank all the people who participated in the Conference and/or have subsequently contributed to the Conference Proceedings. The Tahiti Aquaculture Conference was made possible through financial assistance from the Office of the President of the French Polynesia Government, French High Commissioner to French Polynesia, French Pacific Fund and the EU funded CRISP Project through the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Photo: Participants to the Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 v vi 1 Executive Summary In December 2010, 190 people from the aquaculture sectors gathered in Tahiti to attend the Tahiti aquaculture Conference. The Conference was a was a follow up of two tropical island aquaculture events, the Mayotte Aquaculture Meeting held in 2008 for the French Overseas Departments and Territories by French Overseas Aquaculturalists Union (UAOM), and the Marine Finfish Farming Workshop held at SPC for the Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs) in 2007. All participants who attended had an interest in or working in small tropical island aquaculture development. Representatives were from industry managers, farmers, nongovernment organisations (NGOs) and government officials. Resource persons from larger aquaculture regions (Europe, Asia, Australia, Americas) also attended and were able to contribute and share in their experience in industrial or experimental farming that could benefit the development of tropical aquaculture in small island nations. This report is a compilation of 38 presentations that were made during the event under the following broad themes: (i) Hatchery-based Aquaculture (marine fish mostly), (ii) Shrimp aquaculture, (iii) Capture-based Aquaculture, (iv) Economic contribution of aquaculture in small island environment (v) Aquatic animal health and biosecurity (vi) Governance in aquaculture. Other resourceful information is also available throughout the report such as: - a list of participants, - results of specific working groups, - conclusions and recommendations. 2 INTRODUCTION The Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 Conference was sponsored by the Office of the President of French Polynesia, the French High Commissioner in French Polynesia, and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). The event was held from the 6th to the 10th of December 2010 and brought together near 190 participants from the 3 oceans, including French Polynesia (50 %,) the Asia-Pacific zone (30 %), and the rest of the world (20 %). The main theme of Tahiti Aquaculture 2012 was “sustainable aquaculture production in a tropical island setting”, comparing experiences and know-how of stakeholders in the tropical island aquaculture sector and discuss issues affecting aquaculture in the tropical islands and propose strategies and possible solutions for well adapted, integrated and collaborative developments. However, while pearl farming is highly developed in French Polynesia, it was not included in this event, avoiding an excessive focus onto this widely developed sector for the country. 1 Other Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 partners, in addition to the principal organisers and sponsors of the event, included Ifremer (Institut francais de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer), CRIOBE (Centre for Island Research and Environmental Observatory in Moorea), UAOM (Union des Aquaculteurs de l’Outre-Mer) and its representative in French Polynesia, the SDAPF (Syndicat des Aquaculteurs de Polynésie française), CCISM (Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Services and Trades), the CRISP programme (Coral Reef InitiativeS for the Pacific), AusAid (Australian Government Overseas Aid program), GIE Tahiti Tourisme and the town councils of Arue, Taiarapu Est and Moorea. Private sponsorships were also supporting this event devoted to sustainable development: Air Tahiti Nui, Brasserie de Tahiti, Mana and Electricité de Tahiti. The Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 (seminar and workshop) is a follow-up to two major events for tropical island aquaculture: - the second meeting on aquaculture in the French Overseas Departments and Territories, coordinated by French Overseas Aquaculturists Union (UAOM) in Mamoudzou (Mayotte) in December 2008. The first Meeting was held in Martinique in 2006. - the first Pacific-Asia Marine Finfish Mariculture Technical Workshop hosted by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) in Noumea (New Caledonia) in December 2007. This reports aims at compiling the results of the working sessions held during the conference. It is based on the results and outcomes provided by the working groups. 3 MEETING AIM AND APPROACHES In addition to providing updates on the aquaculture sector in each of the invited countries and territories, the Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 seminar and workshop was an opportunity to: Discuss the progress made in the aquaculture sector in tropical island settings; Compare experiences and know-how in tropical island aquaculture; Facilitate a gathering of private sector in aquaculture, aquaculture specialists and consultants, legal experts, reef environment officials and scientists as well as human and aquatic health specialists and officials; Encourage discussions by all these stakeholders on the issue of aquaculture on tropical islands. Most specifically are issues relating to the main difficulties (e.g. transport, costs) faced but also main comparative advantages (e.g. the environment and aquatic health) the region has so as to propose strategies and solutions for welladapted, integrated and collaborative development, within the scope of improvement of the industry world wide. 4 REGIONS 4.1 Background Several regions were invited to attend TA 2010. These include: the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) and the European and French affiliated islands. The workshop also involved participants from Asia, Pacific and Europe. 2 4.1.1 Aquaculture in the Pacific Due to its difference in locations, stakeholders, environments and markets, aquaculture in the Pacific is diverse. Although through the years aquaculture in the Pacific has been mostly dominated by pearls in value followed by shrimp and seaweed in volume, there are a range of emerging forms of aquaculture in both fresh water and marine environment. Commodities for stock enhancement were long studied and developed in the region, mostly through species such as giant clams, trochus, green snail and more recently sea cucumbers. The latter is becoming a key species for future development of aquaculture in the Pacific. Commodities targeting mainly export food market especially shrimps have been successful mainly in New Caledonia although Fiji, PNG, Vanuatu, Guam and Saipan have also reached some success at domestic levels. Both Guam and Saipan have been involved in exporting strain pathogen free (SPF) breeders to Asia. Marine finfish aquaculture (groupers etc) is proving to be a new target for export in the Pacific islands and may hold some promises. Live products for aquarium such as corals and giant clams sourced from both wild and cultured are a mainstay of export in many islands. Other niche markets such as sponges, shells, handicrafts etc. are from aquaculture derived products. Domestic food market is best served by the culture of freshwater tilapia fish. Being a fast growing robust species, tilapia is developed by mainly small to semi industrial scale farms mostly in Fiji and PNG. It is a commodity that is targeted domestically mainly to address food security purposes. SPC takes a leading role in advocating aquaculture development in the region in partnership with relevant government, regional and international organisations. Cross cutting issues that are important to the region are (but not restricted to) aquatic animal health, training, Research and Development, biosecurity, protection of the environment etc. Seaweed in Solomon Islands Sandfish spawning induction at College of Micronesia in Pohnpei © Ito 4.1.2 Aquaculture in French Overseas departments and territories Tropical aquaculture in French Overseas Departments and Territories started in Tahiti in the 70s’ at the Oceanological Centre of the Pacific (COP and AQUACOP) of the CNEXO, what 3 is now called IFREMER. During the 80s, the COP was one of the first research institutions to reproduce in captivity and domesticate at least 4 species of shrimp and one freshwater prawn species. This technology was transferred to other French affiliated islands such as Reunion, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guyane and New Caledonia. For the latter, natural conditions were ready to begin the development of marine shrimp aquaculture, for which Litopenaeus stylirostris has been selected as best suited to the local environment. The activity grew to industrial scale and New Caledonia continues to export high quality shrimp to the world market. During the last decade, IFREMER, through its tropical fish aquaculture research program, has been closely involved in the development of marine finfish aquaculture in the French Overseas Departments and Territories. Intensive research from hatchery to marketing have been undertaken for the red drum species, Sciaenops ocellatus, particularly in the French Overseas Departments (DOM) such as Martinique, Reunion and Mayotte while the round batfish Platax orbicularis has been the main species studied in French Polynesia. Other species such as rabbitfish, cobia, breams are also being explored for potential development. While some French Overseas Departments and Territories such as Mayotte, Reunion, Guadeloupe and Martinique have now established finfish aquaculture activities, other territories are undertaking the necessary research to achieve industry development within 2-5 years time frame. For instance batfish farming trial is currently underway in French Polynesia and grouper/siganids farming in New Caledonia. 4.1.3 Aquaculture in French Polynesia As host country for Tahiti Aquaculture 2010, French Polynesia (FP) was proud to show case its latest developments in aquaculture to the Conference. Despite the success of pearl farming as the main stay of developments in aquaculture for the country, this commodity was not in the agenda for this conference purely for administrative reasons: the pearl industry is managed under a separate government division, the “Service de la Perliculture” (PRL) while other aquaculture commodities is managed under the Fisheries agency or the “Service de la Pêche” SPE. The PRL was not involved in the hosting of the Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 Conference. Aquaculture development in French Polynesia is classified into three main areas: • Shrimp hatchery and farming development targeting primarily domestic markets • Finfish hatchery and farming development targeting primarily domestic market • And ‘reef aquaculture’ of giant clams, coral and fish targeting tourism or export markets. The SPE is investing its resources quite considerably in the aquaculture development sectors for it to become viable and sustainable. For instance shrimp (L. stylirostris) and finfish (P. orbicularis) will be produced at the VAIA hatchery and postlarvae (PLs) and fingerlings will be distributed to farmers at an affordable cost for grow-out. Technical assistance issues are being developed for hatchery work, farmers assistance, biosecurity and health issues, marketing and promotion and on regulation. The reef aquaculture sector on the other hand provides opportunities for development targeting a range of small enterprises aiming at producing ornamental fish for the aquarium fishery. This also involves giant clams aquaculture through setting new spat collection techniques where spats are captured from the wild, cultured and exported to the aquarium trade markets. Moreover, giant clam spat collection technique may offer potential to culture clams for meat export perspectives within a few more years. 4 Table 1 summarises list of current operators in French Polynesia, all members of the CAPF (Cooperative des Aquaculteurs de Polynésie Francaise): Table 1: current aquaculture operation in French Polynesia Company Aquapac species Shrimp location Teahupoo - Tahiti Sopomer Aquaculture Opunohu Bora Bora aquaculture Tahiti Fish aquaculture Tahiti tropical fish Bora Eco Fish Shrimp Shrimp Tautira - Tahiti Opunohu - Moorea production 40-60t, going up to 100t 15-20t 10 – 15t up to 20t Fish Tautira – Tahiti 10-20t Fish Tautira – Tahiti 50 -80t Reef aquaculture Reef aquaculture Taravao – Tahiti Bora Bora Tahiti Eco Clams Tahiti Marine Aquaculture Reef aquaculture Reef aquaculture Arue - Tahiti Papara - Tahiti Giant clams 5 000to 10 000 fish and invertebrates Giant clams Giant clams 4.1.4 Aquaculture in European affiliated islands. There are 31 European affiliated islands in three oceans. Some of these islands have ventured into aquaculture although it still is a very new sector for others. The island states represented at TA 2010 include Pays et Territoires d’Outre Mer (PTOMs) such as New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis but also Mayotte, Reunion island, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands. Saint Pierre et Miquelon was the only non tropical island present at the conference. Most these islands have undergone aquaculture developments over the past decades in the areas such as scallop culture in Saint Pierre, Red drum farming in Mayotte and Reunion as well as conch farming and turtle ranching in Cayman Is. Batfish culture in French Polynesia © R. Jimmy Giant clam culture in French Polynesia © Georges Remoissenet 5 4.2 NATIONAL PRESENTATIONS Session chair and rapporteurs: Robert Jimmy, Stephen yen Kai Sun, Dr. Jiansan Jia During this Session, eighteen regional and country reports were presented by invited participants. Key issues arising from this session were the following: 1. Sea cucumber It appeared a number of countries were working on the development of sea cucumber aquaculture; some have had some trials on sea cucumber done but were facing difficulties regarding technical know-how on seed production techniques. Sea cucumber is a very valuable and is a target product in the Asian market. As a result, natural stocks decline is a common trend in most PICTs. Hence sea cucumbers’ aquaculture and restocking research and development (R&D) activity is increasingly common. 2. Poor hatchery facility or lack of facility Lack of proper facility especially hatchery facility and lack of adequate feed and seed supply are the main constraints to the development of islands’ aquaculture. Some participants have also expressed a lack of technical capacity available in-country to assist in developing the private sector. 3. Effluent discharge from aquaculture This was highlighted as an issue and there is a need for a balanced ecosystem approach to the development in aquaculture with the natural environment. Recirculating systems could be the way ahead, but could be costly and unfeasible for smaller island economies for large commercial scale aquaculture operations. Discussions on looking at using certain aquaculture commodities such as tilapia and sea cucumber as effluent treatment for shrimp farming systems were mentioned. 4. Demand for fish and fish products This continued to rise and the need to look at initiatives to produce fish cheaply and that blends in well with the islanders’ lifestyle was mentioned by some speakers. 5. Capacity building and institutional strengthening within an organization in promoting aquaculture This was highlighted to be a major hindering factor for some countries. High turnover and trained people and technicians leaving the sector continued to be an issue which has a greater negative impact on the development of aquaculture in smaller island economies. 6. Tilapia fish This was highlighted to be an important commodity for food security and the need is expanding particularly for in-land communities. 7. Batfish This was mentioned to be a new and promising aquaculture commodity developed by French Polynesia (FP) for the local market, and has the potential for export to Asia in future. The hatchery technique for batfish has been achieved and research into the grow-out is currently underway. In FP, breeding techniques control and capacitybuilding at the national level are the main priorities to further develop any finfish species aquaculture. 6 8. Availability of land for aquaculture This was mentioned to be a challenge in aquaculture. Therefore focus on small scale high valued species was considered to be important. Other issues included lack of access to credit schemes to develop aquaculture was also highlighted. 9. Export market requirements Due to the challenges of export market requirements, aiming firstly commodities targeting local market was mentioned to be important. 10. Policy direction Need for a clear policy direction supported by national management and development plans were noted to be necessary in directing focus on development of the aquaculture industry. 11. New initiatives There is the continuing need to develop new initiatives to improve on the production of major commodities such as shrimp and pearls 5 AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT Session chair and rapporteurs: Frank Berthe, Simon Wilkinson and Ingo Ernst 5.1 Context and presentations Aquatic animal health has increasingly become an important issue in the Pacific region. Some countries such as New Caledonia and French Polynesia are more advanced in setting up biosecurity programs although there is a real need to improve this capacity in the region. There are many successful examples globally that can be used and adapted to the Pacific and other small islands regions. During TA 2010, there was a varied range of presentations, from very technical topics such as parasites management in fish cage farming to broader topics such as national management strategies. Since most places in the Pacific region are only just recognizing the importance of aquatic animal health (AAH), all presentations were relevant and useful. An AAH working group led by Frank Berthe (OIE) and Ingo Ernst (Australian Aquatic Health Department) took place on the margin of this Meeting and the outputs will be discussed further. Table 2 provides a list of presentations on environmental aspects of aquaculture were also made and given the high importance of marine fish culture during TA 2010, these were greatly acknowledged. Table 2 Aquatic animal health and the environment author and presentations during TA 2010 Author Franck C.J. Berthe Affiliation OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission Presentation title Activities of the OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission Ingo Ernst Australia DAFF Franck C.J. Berthe OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission Management of monogenean parasites in sea-cage aquaculture Setting Standards for Aquatic Animal Health :The drawback of data gaps 7 Gilles Breuil, Gueguen Y, Falguiere JC, David R, Cochennec N and Piquemal D IFREMER, SPE Sanitary control of noda virus in fish breeders reared in tropical areas Rarahu David, Gueguen Y, Gasset E , Sasal P , Maamaatuaiahutapu M & Remoissenet G SPE, Ifremer and Croibe Prophylaxie et biosécurité des élevages expérimentaux de Platax orbicularis : application à la filière piscicole polynésienne Ingo Ernst Australia DAFF Australia’s arrangements for managing aquatic animal health: achievements and successful approaches Patrick Girard and J-C Raymond Aquaculture Veterinary Bernard A. Thomassin (presented by N. Seguin) Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille (CNRS/UMR n° 6540 « Dimar ») CV Mohan, E. Leano and S. Wilkinson NACA La réglementation sanitaire aquacole européenne actuelle : Pourquoi ? Comment ? Peut-on l’adapter en système insulaire tropical ? Environmental impacts of the fish farming in floating cages in coastal seawaters and coral reef lagoons Promoting bio-security and aquatic animal health management in the Asia Pacific region-Role of NACA 5.2 5.2.1 Session summary and outputs Identifying the main issues Through the various presentations given during the Tahiti Aquaculture, the following issues were identified as important: technical, human capacity and regional/international capacity. Technically, there is the emergence of new diseases due to diversification in aquaculture that is spreading across the region. This is often due to the lack of specific pathogen free stock (broodstock and seeds) and protocols are not always established properly and or adequately applied. Human capacity remains where most improvement is needed. There is a clear isolation of small teams and fragmentation of limited resources for aquatic animal health services. This goes with a lack of knowledge on aquatic animal diseases and data gaps. In addition, availability of appropriate veterinary medicines including vaccines and immunostimulants is often missing. Infrastructure such as adequate quarantine facilities is poor and there is limited diagnostic capability - including high level capability (e.g. reference laboratories), proficiency testing and appropriate reference material in most of the island nations. This causes difficulties to also cater for contingency plans or emergencies, if outbreaks happen. On biosecurity, there is a lack of access to technical and regulatory advice and information (e.g. translocation of live aquatic animals, developing appropriate regulations). Risk analysis capability often has to be outsourced, as such services and expertise are not often available incountry although many nations have urging requests to import aquatic live animals. Internationally, there seem to be an inability to engage effectively with international forums (e.g. OIE) along with insufficient capability to undertake surveillance work and meet 8 reporting obligations. This is often due to a lack of awareness of international standards (and ability to meet them) and other developing issues. For instance animal welfare is a limiting factor in developing aquatic animal health capacities in PICTs. 5.2.2 Solution proposed and developed A range of solutions are being proposed to tackle the above issues: a) An aquatic animal health program tailored for the region that would assist countries to develop capabilities identified by a framework. This would be achieved through a regional aquatic animal health framework that reflects country needs. b) Provision of training across a range of disciplines (e.g. awareness training for early detection of pathogens by producers, risk analysis) c) Network available resources and expertise and provide access to shared facilities (e.g. regional resource hubs for quarantine). This would also include the development of an information portal where a broad range of information would be available and accessible to PICTs. 5.2.3 Outcomes During Tahiti aquaculture, the aquatic animal health working group developed a concept note for a technical cooperation project as a first step to implementing the above solutions. The concept note for a larger project is proposed for: - The development a regional aquatic animal health framework - The establishment of a regional aquatic animal health program to facilitate coordination and networking - The construction of facilities to assist networking e.g. IT systems - The implementation of training activities addressing elements identified in a proposed regional framework Development of a concept note for strengthening aquatic animal health management capabilities in Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Need Aquaculture is being targeted as opportunities for economic and socio-economic development, with new activities being pursued throughout the region. Aquatic animal diseases are a significant threat to the sustainability and productivity of aquaculture. By not being able to meet international sanitary standards, trade opportunities may be lost. These threats are increasing with the diversification of aquaculture, emergence of new diseases, and the risk of transboundary diseases spreading. Pacific Islands face significant challenges in implementing effective aquatic animal disease management arrangements because resources and expertise is lacking and fragmented. Key program elements such as diagnostic capability, surveillance, disease reporting, risk analysis and contingency planning are either under-developed or totally absent. Guidance to develop programs is not available or not provided in a coordinated manner to meet the common needs of PICTs. 9 Arrangements for managing aquatic animal diseases on Pacific Islands are clearly insufficient to meet current and future needs. The region was first introduced to the basics of risk analysis and its application to aquaculture in 2007 during the regional workshop on Implementing the Ecosystem Approach to Coastal Fisheries and Aquaculture and Aquatic Biosecurity organized by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and supported by FAO. Since then, several national workshops were held in 2008 (TCP/MAS/3101), 2009 (TCP/RAS/3101), and 2010 (TCP/MIC/3201) 1. In June 2010, SPC organised a regional workshop to train appropriate fisheries, quarantine and animal health staff in using the OIE information system and animal health reporting procedures. However, previous efforts to improve capabilities have been on an ad hoc basis and at an insufficient scale to make lasting and significant impacts regionally. Recently, PICTs have expressed interest for biosecurity at the 5th FAO COFI Sub-Committee on Aquaculture, COFI/AQ 2 . PICTs will be incapable of managing aquatic animal health effectively and supporting sustainable aquaculture development without a coordinated regional approach to aquatic animal health management. Lost development opportunities and potentially devastating social and economic consequences are possible consequences of inaction. Approach PICTs are often geographically isolated, have limited availability of specialist expertise and resources, and have limited prospects to develop specialist capability across multiple disciplines. These circumstances require a regional approach to aquatic animal health that would assist PICTs to build their aquatic animal health management capabilities in a coordinated and efficient manner. A first step in developing a regional program would aim at evaluating biosecurity performance and needs of each individual country in the context of its national aquaculture profile. A regional workshop could be used to provide more clarity and better understanding of key biosecurity concepts that would be used to build consensus on key priority elements for a regional program, and develop a demand driven regional proposal to be submitted to a potential donor, e.g. FAO. Objectives This project will enhance the capability of PICTs to manage the risks to the biosecurity of fisheries and aquaculture industries, particularly those related to trade and impacting on the poor. This will be achieved through the following objectives: 1. Development of a regional framework that will identify the common elements required to build regional capability in aquatic animal health management. The framework will outline the strategic approach to capability development, and guide individual PICT efforts to improve capability in a staged manner that is appropriate to their individual needs. 2. Development of an ongoing regional aquatic animal health program that will assist PICTs to implement components of the regional framework. The program will coordinate capacity building activities and drive networking of expertise and resources. The program should be permanently staffed and responsible for continuing coordination and networking activities following conclusion of the project. 3. Provision of a series of training activities for regional personnel to build technical knowledge and expertise for specific capabilities identified within the regional framework. The capabilities would be agreed through the regional framework but are 1 http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al363e/al363e09.pdf 2 http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/019/k7580e.pdf 10 likely to include elements such as diagnostics, surveillance, epidemiology, disease reporting, and risk analysis. 4. Establishing mechanisms to enable networking of fragmented resources and expertise and to provide access to information. Internet based technologies would be established to allow better access to, and utilization of, specialist resources within the region. Consultation This concept note was developed as an outcome of the Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 Sustainable Aquaculture on Tropical Islands conference. 6 CAPTURE BASED AQUACULTURE (INCLUDING PCC) Session rapporteurs: Simon Ellis and Martha Zarain Herzberg 6.1 Context and presentations Capture based aquaculture (CBA) is rather an ‘old’ form of aquaculture. In the region, pearl oysters and milkfish aquaculture are some success stories of this type of aquaculture based on eco friendly collection of juveniles and on-growing them. In French Polynesia, in particular, the collection of reef animals at their post larval stages have interested public authorities and private sector for over a decade. Because this is still a topic of interest for diversification in aquaculture, a specific session was held on this topic. This form of aquaculture have been conducted at research level for many years now and seem to evolve towards niche markets for example enhancement of artificial lagoon and/or touristic sites using eco friendly collection methods and tank raised fish in Bora Bora. TA 2010 working group has reviewed CBA activities in general and PCC in particular through the following presentations in Table 3. Table 3: Capture based aquaculture author and presentations during TA 2010 Author Eric Clua, Lecchini D., Galzin R. Affiliation CRISP Presentation title Developing efficiency of capture and culture methods of coral reef fish larvae René Galzin EPHE Scientific knowledge of post larval capture and culture (PCC) R. Santos, Brié C., Chevalier F., Remoissenet G., Lecchini D. CRIOBE Development of mantis shrimps (Lysiosquillina maculata and Lysiosquillina sulcata)sustainable exploitation from capture and culture of post-larvae Richard Xie Hawaiian Sealife Inc. Marine ornamentals trends, wild Captured & PCC 11 6.2 6.2.1 PCC session summary and outputs Identifying the main issues It has often been said that PCC has the potential to sustainably supply seed stock for food and ornamental farming and for stock enhancement. However, this has yet to be proven economically in any place (except classic capture based aquaculture and/or bivalves spat collection), further work might still be needed. It seems that this technique is now focusing on niche market, and is providing some results. One of the major limitations to Reef fish PCC is that current techniques do not capture all species and supply of species is sporadic and unpredictable. Many of the species captured do not have high commercial value in the marine oranamentals market, and the profusely captured post-larvae are mostly not able to be used for aquaculture for food. From a marketing point of view, it is hard to sell species raised through PCC techniques since existing capture fisheries or hatchery production are more consistent and in many cases more economical than PCC methods. 6.2.2 Solution proposed developed Below is a range of suggestions of interest to stimulate PCC activities: a/ Passive techniques for reef fish PCC (light traps and crest nets) have been developed and tested for some years. The underlying fundamentals of PCC are understood and it is supposedly sustainable. b/ New active capture techniques that can yield higher numbers and different species of animals need to be tested for efficiency and sustainability. Light and sound attractions of larvae need to be explored for sustainability. And further classic techniques may be used or strengthened to target high valued commodities such as spat collection of bivalves, pueruli collection of rock lobsters. c/ Markets need to be developed that target cluster or groups of farmers more amenable to PCC products such as young aquarists or community farmers who might grow a variety of species. As it is, PCC techniques targeting ‘traditional’ aquarium market isn’t competitive. Niche markets need to be explored but it is likely PCC would not progress to large scale developments. 6.2.3 Key outcomes The key outcomes of the PCC Working Group were: - Commercialization of PCC products is the most stringent priority. - More research might be necessary to test active capture techniques or collection aquatic species that have commercial value. - Capture based aquaculture (in general) has already proved its socio-economic efficiency and has some potential to assist in community-based fisheries and food security especially in developing countries. 12 Light trap © E. Clua 7 HATCHERY BASED AQUACULTURE – MARINE FINFISH Session chairs and rapporteurs: Anthony Ostrowski, Tim Pickering 7.1 Context and presentations Hatchery based aquaculture is without doubt the way forward to fish aquaculture in Pacific and other small island regions. Several countries in the Pacific now have fish hatcheries and /or a national marine fish development program. These include French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Palau. Other participating countries attending Tahiti Aquaculture conference such as Reunion island, Mayotte, Martinique (all small island territories) with similar constraints have relatively developed marine finfish aquaculture sectors, including hatcheries. The NFC of Australia, also present at TA 2010 exposed its grouper project. Those fish are well known in the Pacific region and definitely species of interest. During Tahiti Aquaculture workshop, there was a lot of interest in hatchery based fish farming development. In Tahiti, there is a national finfish development program that aims at developing medium scale local fish farming (round batfish) to supply local market. A lot of presentations were on the batfish project while experiences and knowledge on other species such as grouper, rabbitfish and milkfish were also shared during the Conference. Table 4: Hatchery based aquaculture author and presentations during TA 2010 Author Anthony C. Ostrowski Affiliation Oceanic Institute Presentation title Sustainable Aquaculture in Hawai’i, USA as an Example for its Affiliated Island Nations in the Pacific Region Denis Covès, Falguière J-C, Gasset E., Breuil G., Knockaert C., Cahu C., Fauvel C., Girard S. IFREMER Ifremer R&D project for a sustainable marine finfish aquaculture in French overseas territories Philippe Cacot CIRAD Success story : the panga farming in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam 13 Jean-Claude Falguière, Haffray P. and UAOM IFREMER Gestion génétique d’un poisson marin d’intérêt aquacole dans l’outre-mer français : Le cas de l’ombrine ocellée (Sciaenops ocellatus) Christian Fauvel, Falguière JC, Dutto G. and Suquet M. IFREMER Eric Gasset, Covès D. IFREMER Reproduction control of captive fish, up to date gamete management and perspectives for sustainable aquaculture Démarche d’acquisition de connaissances et de savoir-faire consolidés transférables en diversification. Exemple du Platax ou Paraha peue (Platax orbicularis) en Polynésie française Chantal Cahu, Petton B. , Falguière J-C, Gasset E., Zambonino J., Mazurais D., Covès D. (presented by Y. Guegen) IFREMER Philippe Cacot CIRAD Project proposal: feasibility study of the Integrated MultiTrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in the tropical and coastal conditions Camille Knockaert, Covès D., Falguière J-C, Gasset E. IFREMER Richard M. Knuckey, Berding A., Harper D. Richard M. Knuckey Northern Fisheries Center Moana Maamaatuaiahutapu SPE Anthony C. Ostrowski Oceanic Institute Maîtrise de la qualité en aquaculture tropicale: exemples de l’Ombrine ocellée (Sciaenops ocellatus) et du Paraha peue (Platax orbicularis) Live Feeds Production for Tropical Marine Finfish Larvae Grouper aquaculture in Australia Accompagnement de la filière piscicole marine en Polynésie française : l’exemple du Paraha Peue (Platax orbicularis) Development of Pacific Threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis) hatchery methods in Hawai’i, USA Alexis Ragot, Parry O. Ecloserie Nord Caraïbes Sevrage précoce de l’Ombrine Ocellée (Scianops ocellatus) en condition de production à l’écloserie artisanale du Carbet en Martinique: Comparaison entre deux aliments Microgemma (Skretting) et Otohimé (Reed Mariculture) Percy Rechelluul Bureau of Marine resources Hatchery based aquaculture in Palau Recent results on influence of nutrients on fish larvae development. NFC 14 B. Husson et Trichereau J. IDEE aquaculture Optimisation de la gestion d’une écloserie: de la conception à la gestion technique Philip S. Heath NIWA A pathway to sustainable aquaculture in New Zealand Masahiro Ito, Hagilmai M., Halverson B., Maluwelgiye C. and Smith J. College of Micronesia Hatchery-Based Aquaculture of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra in the Federated States of Micronesia 7.2 7.2.1 Hatchery session summary and outcomes Identifying the main issues There were numerous issues identified during TA 2010 which focused mostly on technical aspects. It was stressed during the Meeting that there is now an urging need for the development of a Pacific species development and domestication program. Examples from outside the Pacific region showed mainly large-scale research such as on red drum and grouper species while in the Pacific region it is the opposite: that there are many small-scale research on many species of finfish. In many areas within and outside the Pacific region, genetic management of brood stock and gamete supply and management are important, and resource need to be allocated to fulfill these tasks. Also, as for many species, hatchery work is a long-term effort, early larval feeding, survival and growth improvement are key factors affecting marine finfish farming. Efficient use of resources and environmental impact are fundamental where the sector is developing and must be addressed. Product quality has to be controlled and not left out until the last minute. Finally, appropriate hatchery design adapted to sites and constraints inherent to the region must be developed and accessible. 7.2.2 Solutions proposed and developed Out of the five priority issues identified during TA 2010, a range of solutions were proposed to address each issue. a/ New species development and domestication. New species should be selected based on: growth rate, hardiness, reproductive potential, market, social aspects, and also biodiversity preservation/conservation. Domestication is a highly important issue that must be considered during species selection. For example, species from Siganids family are likely to be easily domesticated as opposed to giant grouper (depending on the type of facility operated). b/ Gamete supply and management, genetic management of broodstock: 15 Both controlled natural spawning or artificial insemination have to be achieved according to the species and the facilities operated. Stock performance can be improved by reducing inbreeding and selecting stock for economic and marketable traits (growth, disease resistance, etc.) In the Pacific Islands, access to wild broodstock to renew genetics stock can be an asset. c/ Early larval feeding, survival and growth: Establish appropriate live, formulated, or combo feed regimens are highly important for culturing any marine fish species. Early larval feeding is a bottleneck to the production of many reef finfish species. d/ Product quality control, efficient use of resources (protein) and environmental impact: Maintain marketable nutritional profiles (human health), organoleptic, and other physical characteristics of harvested product. Adopt Integrated multi-trophic level aquaculture (IMTA) vs. monoculture when possible. Although this is a relatively new concept that is mostly known to freshwater application, there are some marine examples from Asia and there are some very good prospects from places such as PICTs. e/ Hatchery design: Strive for stabilized systems that can produce consistently over the long-haul (avoid trying to maximize production leading to peaks and troughs) Hatchery does not need to be expensive nor complicated. A tool that can be adapted to the culture species and that offer some versatility is ideal. Hygiene and protocol are the most stringing issues. 7.2.3 Outcomes key factors a. New species development/domestication - 1 kg< 1 yr; - Tolerance to low oxygen; - High fecundity and multiple spawns, - Knowledge of nutritional requirements - Use local ingredients/local feed production, - Identify markets first and acceptance of practices, - Diversify species to preserve market - Use of local ingredients/ local feed production. b. Early larval feeding, survival, and growth - Knowledge of nutritional requirements, - Live prey preferences and culture methods, - Adaptability to formulated feeding regimens c. Genetic management of broodstock and gamete supply/management - Knowledge of the genetic make-up of founder stocks, - Breeding and reproductive cycles, - Plan for insertion of new genetic material (pedigree analysis, SPF designation) - Desirable marketable traits and sectors 16 - knowledge of reproductive cycle and environmental factors to ensure high sperm and egg quality d. Controlling product quality and efficient use of resources (protein) and environmental impact - Encourage BMPs that reduce stress prior to harvest and develop postharvesting processing methods that preserve flesh quality and animal presentation (if sold whole) - Knowledge of targeted species and impact on nitrogen (and phosphorus) utilization and integration with system and co-products e. Hatchery design - Conduct a proper site evaluation of local conditions (climate, hydrological, bacterial, etc.), - Tailor protocols to site and species chosen, and - Give time for adaptation to occur (2-3 years if technology already controlled) Batfish Platax orbicularis in French Polynesia ©Moana Maamaatuaiahutapu 8 Batfish cage culture system in French Polynesia © R. Jimmy SHRIMP AQUACULTURE IN PICTS (and small island nations) Chairs and rapporteurs Dr. Tim Pickering, Jacky Patrois, Addison Lawrence and Richard Xie 8.1 Context and presentations Shrimp farming is not new to the Pacific, although it sometimes seems paradoxical to develop shrimp aquaculture where there is little land mass and flat shore areas but a number of islands have appropriate shrimp farming sites coupled with low disease problem and access to pristine water quality. In Pacific Islands and small tropical islands in general, the objectives behind shrimp aquaculture are as follows: Profitability and economic impact Import substitution - reduced fiscal leakage Tap into an established global commodity market Maintenance of bio-sanitary status – avoid disease risks from imports Employment – provide rural livelihoods 17 Social issues – maintain traditional lifestyles Technology development – a springboard to diversification into other species Food security and Crustacean resources preservation There has been great success in shrimp farming in PICTs and New Caledonia (NC) is the best example. Thanks to its land mass and the technology it has developed, shrimps are the second commodity export market from NC, after nickel. Of course the industry has a range of issues and it seems that other small island nations are taking the route of a smaller domestically oriented shrimp industry than can supply markets such as tourism, or pathogen free broodstock for export. Shrimp farming potential is still untapped for most islands and technology is now becoming available to broaden up the scope of sites that can be used, including lagoons through cage farming. Hatchery techniques through innovative concepts such as bioflocs are becoming more and more effective, and this is all leaning towards the development of small islands’ shrimp industry. Shrimp culture in New Caledonia © C. Marty Table 5: Shrimp aquaculture in PICTs author and presentations during TA 2010 Author Jean Goguenheim Affiliation IFREMER Presentation title Confirmation de la technique d’élevage en floc pour la production de géniteurs de Litopenaeus stylirostris en captivité en Polynésie française. David Kawahigashi (presented by J. Patrois) Vannamei 101 Addison L. Lawrence and Patnaik S. Texas A&M University System Key Points Driving Sustainable Shrimp Farming in Thailand Super intensive shrimp production of 10 to 25 kg/m3/crop obtained : indoor commercial farming of shrimp now a reality 18 Addison L. Lawrence, Kuhn D. D., Patnaik S. Boradman G. D., Marsh L., Flick G. J. Jr Jacques Patrois Texas A&M University System Martha Zarain-Herzberg Cientro de Ciencias de Sinaloa IFREMER/SPC Understanding why bioflocs replacement of fish meal in feeds increase shrimp growth In Search of a Future for Shrimp Culture in the Pacific Islands Advances and challenges of shrimp cultivation in floating cages in Mexico 8.2 Shrimp session summary and outcomes 8.2.1 Identifying the main issues Below is a list of major issues and strategies proposed : a. Genetic management of broodstock - Improve stock performance by reducing inbreeding and selecting for economic and marketable traits (growth, disease resistance, etc.) - Knowledge of the genetic make-up of founder stocks, breeding and reproductive cycles, plan for insertion of new genetic material (pedigree analysis, SPF designation?), and desirable marketable traits and sectors b. Controlling product quality - Maintain marketable nutritional profiles (human health), organoleptic, and other physical characteristics of harvested product - Encourage BMPs that reduce stress prior to harvest and develop post-harvesting processing methods that preserve flesh quality and animal presentation (if sold whole) c. Hatchery design - Strive for stabilized systems that can produce consistently over the long-haul (avoid trying to maximize production leading to peaks and troughs) - Conduct a proper site evaluation of local conditions (climate, hydrological, bacterial, etc.), tailor protocols to site and species chosen, and give time for adaptation to occur (2-3 years) 19 The shrimp working group established during TA 2010 was able to gather people from varied background: officials, researchers, technical assistants and producers. There are many different aspirations to shrimp farming but overall (and with the exception of New Caledonia), PICTs have similar objectives: small to medium scale size farms targeting domestic market as a priority to substitute exports and working with species that are safe (no risk of introducing pathogens) and adapted to specific PICTs culture methods. There was too little time allocated during TA 2010 to find a blanket solution that fit it all but a range of questions, specific to PICTs, were raised and are to be taken in consideration when developing shrimp farming. - Are we targeting local consumption, or export? Are our land, water, and generally farming areas appropriate? If yes for what farming intensity or scale? What species shall we get into? What is our local capacity, technical availability in country and where to tap in for expertise outside the region? What is the policy on introduction of exotic species – yes, or no? What is the environmental impact of ‘modern’ shrimp farming on our fragile ecosystems? Are our infrastructures sufficient and available? (airports roads, electricity) Is our country interesting for foreign investment policy and our business climate appropriate? Is feed source an issue? Where is it available? Is local seed stock source, quality and supply available or must we import it? What is the animal health and bio-security status in country? These questions were discussed thoroughly during the shrimp working group. Although there is no immediate answer as they heavily depend on each specific context, TA 2010 has allowed regional and international shrimp experts to form a shrimp farming workforce that can be tapped into to better guide shrimp farming in small island nations. After TA 2010, a shrimp SPC review was finalized and is available online at www.spc.int./aquaculture. It is a useful reference document that can assist PICTs and other small island nations while developing their shrimp industry. 8.2.2 Solution proposed Develop bio-floc as a nutritious alternative to supplement or replace fishmeal, either directly in the culture system or indirectly as an ingredient in feed formulations Investigate alternative shrimp culture systems that use the natural environment, rather than require acquisition of land and construction of ponds and pumping systems (eg : shrimp cage culture R&D promises) Set up a proper domestication and genetic selection program for shrimp in order to improve key agronomic traits Review PICTs shrimp aquaculture and identify any commonality of issues and constraints Identify options to provide solutions to these issues and constraints Identify the key factors that need to be taken into account to reach a decision about the best options Make this information available as advice to PICT governments and investors 20 8.2.3 Outcomes key factors Bio-floc is “good stuff” nutritionally, that can be cultured, manipulated and processed in ways that make it a high-quality protein source with acceptable amino-acid profile, including levels of the limiting amino-acids for shrimp. Bio-floc can enhance shrimp farm performances Bio-floc can also enhance shrimp reproduction, through increased fecundity and egg quality Shrimp cage culture is reaching a level of refinement whereby it can become viable as a part-time low-cost livelihood for marginalized coastal communities or households with access to sheltered waters of high water-quality. With a proper genetic selection and domestication program, tremendous advances are now being made in terms of growth, survival, disease and stress resistance, and this is just the “tip of the iceberg”. PICT shrimp industries are either in their infancy or face serious problems including competition with imports, insufficient seed supply, lax biosecurity, feed quality and cost, and lack of technical capacity. 9 AQUACULTURE’S SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTIONS WITH FISHERIES ON TROPICAL ISLANDS Chairs and rapporteurs: Emmanuel Bovy and Simon Wilkinson 9.1 Context and presentation Although this is a broad topic covering many different areas, a small number of selected presentations were given during this session. Social and economic impacts in aquaculture are numerous and often hard to measure. However a wide range of ‘non-conservative’ form of aquaculture development have been developed and are now available to offer a source of livelihood in small island nations. For example, inland aquaculture is one of the highlights of local aquaculture development in the Pacific. Generally, diversification in aquaculture in small island nations leads to some success stories that are worth reporting as models. The presentation in this theme based on different topic and provided insights on actions conducted at regional (e.g. SPC program on Inland aquaculture) and national levels (e.g. New Caledonia). Marine aquarium trade for exports was also used as an example of an activity that provide economic contribution at local level. Table 6 summarizes the different presentations made in the social and economic development and interaction session. 21 Table 6: Aquaculture social and economic development, author and presentations during TA 2010 Author Tim Pickering Affiliation SPC Presentation title Current priorities and emerging trends for inland aquaculture in the Pacific island countries and territories Simon Ellis MERIP Jean-Paul Blancheton, Covès D., René F., Lazard J., Chia E., Mikolasek O., Clément O., Aubin J., Legendre M., Caruso D., Rey-Valette H., Mathe S. (Presented by Densi Coves) IFREMER From reef to aquarium: transportation of marine ornamental organisms – techniques, constraints and improved methods The EVAD approach: assessment of the sustainability of aquaculture production systems Herlé Goraguer, Goulletquer P., Caisey X., Lazure P., Lajournade M., Lunven M., Robert S., Rodriguez J. IFREMER Développement de l’aquaculture à Saint-Pierre et Miquelon : le cas d’étude de la pectiniculture approche et méthodologie Alex Mendo Meloty and Sylvester D. Jr Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Solomon Islands Seaweed farming Solomon island economic potential Antoine Teitelbaum, Jimmy R., Pickering T., Ponia B. SPC Marine aquaculture in Oceania : SPC’s role and ways towards sustainable development Claire Marty and T. Requillart DDEE, Province Nord de Nouvelle Calédonie Diversification aquacole en Nouvelle-Calédonie : panorama actuel et perspectives Scallop culture in New Caledonia © Claire Marty 22 9.2 Economic session summary and outcomes Although this topic is less technical than previous ones., it raised a whole range of cross cutting issues inherent to aquaculture development in the Pacific. For this particular point the table below compiles major issues, solutions proposed and key factors for success. Table 7 Issues and solutions for economic development in tropical islands Context / Main issues Solutions developed / proposed Outcomes / Key factors of success Food security : widening 'fish gap' has to come from aquaculture - Production of lower trophic fish (tilapia, milkfish, Macrob spp etc). - Higher focus on inland aquaculture and aquaponics : to the door of local communities - Increased inshore fish production through inshore FADs - Increase local landings of fisheries catch (as opposed to exporting them) - Create job opportunities (income) as a measure to increase food security - Offset shrimp imports through local production - Improved Livelihoods - Import substitutions - Improved earnings Too much reliance on subsidies. Lack of farmers involvement Promote entrepreneurship as alternative to industry subsidies Many highly motivated private companies (entrepreneurship) Biosecurity and aquatic animal health capacity is weak Disconnect between food security and biosecurity dialogues Strengthen capacity in biosecurity and aquatic animal health Implement a regional biosecurity program Not many indigenous species suitable for inland aqua production Much untapped potential for aquaculture with local species Risks linked to increasing farming of “alien” species More long term research and development on indigenous candidate species for inland aquaculture Government investment in long term R&D Complex chain of custody from collection through to retail and limitations on freight capacity Losses at collection are high: inconsistent handling practices lead to mortalities Train collectors and handlers to handle the animals gently and in line with best practice. Communicate on Certification and training on best practice available. Reduced animal stress and damage prior to transport. Competition with fishing sector on resource and market Little knowledge on recruitment and collection of spat - Better communication and involvement of fishermen (collection of seed and broodstock) - External partnership: exchange of knowledge with countries that have collection techniques 23 Seed and feed are a growing constraint - Development of hatcheries - Investment in training and capacity building - Add medium scale enterprise stratum to industry - Look at collection by fishermen Pacific is least-aquaculture developed region Improve collation of statistics as indicators of progress Liaise with other global organisation such as FAO to alleviate this 10 GOVERNANCE AND AQUACULTURE IN SMALL TROPICAL ISLANDS Chairs and rapporteurs: Phillipe Cacot and René Galzin 10.1 Context and presentation Few presentations on governance were made at TA 2010 and it set the scene for sustainable development of aquaculture in small tropical islands. The key issues and solutions identified during this Session were compiled into Table 8 and summarised in this report. Table 8: Governance and aquaculture in small island nations author and presentations during TA 2010 Author Simon Wilkinson Affiliation NACA Presentation Current priorities and emerging trends for inland aquaculture CV Mohan and Sena De Silva NACA Linking small scale farmers to modern markets through adoption of better management practices (BMPs) and cluster management approach-NACA experience. Simon Ellis MERIP Advantages and Constraints to Development of Sustainable Aquaculture in the Pacific Islands and its Role in Livelihoods, Development and Conservation. Emmanuelle Bovy South Australia Fisheries department Model of aquaculture management in Southern Australia Tamaoa Bambridge CRIOBE Marine tenure and property rights in ancestral Polynesia Paul C. Southgate and Hair C. (presented by A. Teitelbaum) James Cook university Developing Aquaculture Based Livelihoods in the Pacific Islands region and northern Australia. 24 10.2 Governance session summary and outcomes The issues and proposed solutions discussed during the Governance Session are summarised in Table 9. Table 9: Issues and solution for governance of aquaculture in small tropical islands • • • • • • Main issues context Aquaculture is a growing sector in • a region showing: (1) opportunities (sites, markets, species, background) and (2) willingness for the administration to promote this • sector (economical and social development), (3) awareness and willingness • to protect the environment. There is an ongoing process of regulation of the capture fisheries. The small scale fishing is from far the main source of fish for the locals. The small scale fishing is based on local tenure inherited from the combination of ancient knowledge on the environment (species, location and timing) and knowhow on its exploitation. The sustainability aquaculture system is becoming a major issue for various aspects. • The climate change is affecting the marine environment (rise of temperature, water acidification, Solutions proposed Determination of the lease based on zoning with a risk assessment based on biosecurity and compatibility with the other local activities. The requests can be approved if options for impact mitigation are proposed and implemented by the aquaculture contractor. Possible evolution of the lease: given for 20 years renewable. • The local tenure should be taken into account for the determination of the official fishing regulation. • First of all, the local practices should be studied in terms of tenure and other aspects related to the fisheries management. Besides few ethnologic studies, the local practices remained indeed poorly described. • The approach related to the determination of the “ZPR” (Zone de Pêche Protégée – Fish Conservation Zone) has been implemented once. This should be repeated. • A particular approach has been tested in 5 locations showing very different aquaculture systems and context. They differed in terms of type of environment (continental & marine), degree of intensification and current regulation of the sector. • The approach is characterized by the mainstay, the principle, the criteria and the indicator (system and territory). • The process is important: the preparation, the selection of the criteria and the validation of the findings. • Proper evaluation of the current situation and the expected impacts. 25 • • • • Key factors of success The practical regulation is flexible and adapted to each situation. The administration is in charge of a global environmental monitoring program. While making use of the local tenure, the official fishing regulation will fit with the local practices (acceptability) while making use of the local knowledge (saving considerable efforts). The concept of “affordance” applied to the lagoon is relevant. It includes “material” aspects (food safety, livelihood) and spiritual consideration (popular belief). The latest appears to be important for the sustainable fishing regulation. • • Multi-component and participatory approach. Raising the awareness of both the local population and the NGOs and other concerned stakeholders. • more storm and more drought) hence the fisheries resources.. The insular population is threatened since the fishing is the main livelihood. • • Reduce the current pressure put on • the natural resources. Diversification of the livelihoods. • The continental aquaculture is proposed as an interesting option since there will be more rainfall. • All could adapt to the changes. Implementation of the fisheries management. Regional approach (ex: evolution of the tuna fishing) The small scale aquaculture will suffer from the severe drought. 11 “STUDY TOUR” During the conference, participants were offered the chance to visit various aquaculture institutions in Tahiti: Government’s VAIA hatchery targeting the production of finfish and shrimps: This production center has taken place close to IFREMER facility and is nearby IFREMER and SPE R&D teams. At the time of the visit, the center was being built and there was no production yet. There are two biosecurity buildings aiming at producing finfish fingerlings and shrimp post-larvae. Vairao IFREMER research center: IFREMER has long been in French Polynesia, the research center has strongly contributed to aquaculture development, traditionally focusing on shrimp aquaculture, the center is now focused on pearl culture research, and it has diversified recently to finfish aquaculture (one of the national priority species) and is working in partnership with SPE to develop sound protocols and biosecurity measures to produce these commodities sustainably. Tautira cage farm set up for paraha peue : this visit led the group to a small scale, pilot farm where participants could see different stages of cultured round batfish, the Tahitian reef fish delicacy. It is amazing to see how this species can adapt to cage farming, with great schooling behaviors and low stress. This visit showed how promising cage farming of batfish is. Tautira shrimp farm: This small farm grow some blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris since this is the only species cultured in FP. All production goes to the local market where demand from hotels is high and consistent. A recent health regulation that no crude crustacean from countries infected by OIE listed diseases was allowed for import in French Polynesia is likely to strongly boost the investment in shrimp industry. CRIOBE research center in Moorea was also visited at the end of the workshop just after a stop at nearby Opunohu shrimp farm. CRIOBE has developed research on tropical and reef organisms for 40 years now. The study tour was an opportunity to look at some post-larvae collection tools, some glass eels just been collected, and some coral research. 26 Site visit to Batfish farm in French Polynesia © R. Jimmy 12 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Overall, Eighteen Island Countries and Territories gave presentations on the current situation and future prospects of their respective aquaculture activities. Seven prominent aquaculture experts presented existing issues and prospects, and their own aquaculture-related experiences, particularly in an island setting. Moreover, thirty eight oral communications and sixteen posters were presented on the five tropical island aquaculture-related topics and overviews of each topic were given by the chairpersons and moderators of the sessions. The workshop on aquaculture and aquatic animal health yielded a number of recommendations and, in particular, proposed the launch of a programme to build capacity in aquatic animal health management in Pacific Island countries and areas. A document was drafted on the subject by Doctor Franck BERTHE (Secretary General of the Aquatic Animal Health Commission of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)) and Doctor Ingo ERNST (Officer in charge of the Aquatic Animal Health Unit (AAHU) of the Australian Federal Government’s Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry). This document is to be submitted at the SPC Seventh Heads of Fisheries Meeting in Noumea in February 2011. The workshop on shrimp farming on tropical islands began developing the broad outlines of a decision support tool for developing shrimp farming on tropical islands. Under the leadership of Dr Tim PICKERING of the SPC, a core group was tasked with finalizing the document. The Conference provided an opportunity for participants to undertake field visits to Tahiti Peninsula (shrimp farm and fish farm, fish farm laboratories, Ifremer-Fisheries Department’s shrimp farming and aquaculture health activities, Centre Technique Aquacole VAIA, site of new hatcheries under construction) and to Moorea Island (shrimp farm, CRIOBE laboratory). A tasting of local Polynesian agriculture and aquaculture products at the Tahiti hotel school was particularly well received, and further provided an opportunity to discuss experiences and establish professional contacts. A questionnaire was circulated at the close of the Conference which yielded positive feedback overall, with an average assessment of 7.9 out of 10 by participants. This survey clearly revealed that the three principal assets to be fostered in islands countries and territories in terms of developing sustainable aquaculture are, in order of importance: preserving the 27 environment, protection against diseases, endogenous resources-biodiversity. Furthermore, the three major areas of potential collaboration identified by participants were, in order of importance: improved farming techniques, improved biosecurity (aquaculture environment and health), and development of community or family aquaculture activities. Further interests that emerged included: • • an interest on the part of representatives from French and European overseas aquaculture communities in collaborating in joint programmes; the representatives of French overseas aquaculture communities in the Pacific expressed a particular interest in working with ODEADOM; an interest on the part of some of the small island countries in supplying their neighbours with healthy juvenile fish with biosecurity certification, and an interest among other PICTs either in acquiring either these juveniles, or the means to produce them on a small scale and at low cost. The proceedings of this seminar and workshop have been finalized on the basis of collaboration between the organisers and the experts who addressed the meeting. Working group discussion during Tahiti Aquaculture 2010 © Georges Remoissenet. 28 Appendix A Resource persons Dr J. JIA, Chief, Aquaculture service (FIRA) of Fisheries and Aquaculture department of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation) United Nations. Dr. F. BERTHE, Parme (Italia), Secretary General of the Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission of the OIE, Head of the Animal Health and Welfare unit of the European Food Safety Authority Mrs. E. BOVY, Adelaïde (Australia), PIRSA (Primary Industries and Resources Southern Australia)Aquaculture Principal Policy Officer Dr.. P CACOT, CIRAD, Montpellier (France), in charge of an IMTA project in the Pacific, Freshwater tropical fish culture expert. Dr. D. COVES, Ifremer, Montpellier (France), Chief "Sustainable development of marine finfish culture overseas" project / Sustainable Aqauculture Program 20092012, Finfish aquaculture specialist Mr. S. ELLIS, Pohnpei (Federated states of Micronesia), Director of « Marine Environmental Research Institute of Pohnpei » (MERIP), Island rural aquaculture of reef species specialist. Dr. I. ERNST, Canberra (Australia), Manager, Aquatic Animal Health Unit (AAHU), Animal Health Programs Branch, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) , monogeans expert Pr. R. GALZIN, Perpignan (France), Laboratoire d’Ichtyologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne de l’Université de Perpignan, Coral reef ecology and ichtyology specialist Dr. R. KNUCKEY, Cairns (Australia), Principal scientist, Northern Fisheries Center, Queensland DPI, Australia, live preys and tropical species (grouper) specialist. Pr. A. LAWRENCE, Corpus Christi (USA), Texas AgriLife Research Mariculture Laboratory. Shrimp culture and aquaculture nutrition specialist. Dr. A. OSTROWSKI, Honolulu (Hawaii), Director of Oceanic Institute, Hawaii, USA. Tropical finfish culture and finfish and shrimp culture development specialist. Mr. J. PATROIS, Ifremer, Nouméa (Nouvelle Calédonie), Shrimp culture specialist. In charge of an expertise on shrimp culture development in Oceania ordered by SPC. Dr.. T. PICKERING, SPC Aquaculture officer, inland aquaculture specialist M. S. WILKINSON, Coordinator, Communications Programme. NACA staff directory R. XIE, Hawaiian Sea Life, Honolulu (Hawaii), Marine ornamentals specialist, 2009 small business Hawaii exporter award, professional member of CTSA DR. M . ZARAIN-HERTZBERG, Sinaloa, (Mexique), Researcher at Centro de Ciencias de Sinaloa, L. vannamei shrimp cage culture specialist 29 Appendix B Prénom / First name Nom / Family name Participants list Adresse mail / Email address Service et fonction occupée / Office and position held Nom et adresse de l'organisme / Organisation and address ADEPAM Sci les hauts de Californie Bat C 97232 le Lamentin Martinique. [email protected] Président de l'Association pour le Développement de la Production Aquacole Martiniquaise ANTRAS [email protected] Vétérinaire en charge de la santé animale Bélinda BAMBRIDG E [email protected] Présidente d'Association de Polynésie française Service du développement rural BP 100 Papeete Tahiti Groupe d'associations de Polynésie française Tamatoa BAMBRIDG E [email protected] Chargé de recherche CNRSCRIOBE-ISCC CRIOBE BP 1013 Moorea Interprète Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie Emile AGOT Robert ALI Valérie Isabelle BARBOT [email protected] Josselyn BARRET [email protected] René BEAUVARC ET Corinne Moana Concept BP 3395 Papeete 98713 Tahiti [email protected] Aquaculteur. Président du SYPAGUA (SYndicat des Producteurs Aquacoles de GUAdeloupe) SCEA DE DOUVILLE R. et Ph BEAUVARLET Douville 97128 GOYAVE BELLIARD [email protected] Technicienne en biologie moléculaire IFREMER BP 7004 98719 Taravao Roy BENYON [email protected] Interprète Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie Franck BERTHE [email protected] Chef de l'unité santé animale et bien-être animal au EFSA Francine BESSON [email protected] Secrétaire association Tamarii Pointe des pêcheurs Hervé BICHET Gérald BILLINGS [email protected] Head of Aquaculture Section. Ministry of Fisheries & Forests Arald BIOURD [email protected] En attente poste IFREMER Alain BODOY [email protected] Chef de département à l'Ifremer du Pacifique Nadia BOSCOLO [email protected] Biologist Isabelle BOTHEREL [email protected] Service de la Pêche / Juriste Fabien BOVA [email protected] Directeur général MarieHélène BOVA ASTPP BP 381882 Tamanu 98718 Punaauia Service de la perliculture Biologiste 30 Fisheries Department, Ministry of Fisheries & Forests, Suva, Fiji Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti LMC Veneto SAS di Boscolo Nadia & C Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti France AgriMer, 12 rue Henri Rol-Tanguy, TSA 20002, 93555 Montreuilsous-bois, France Emmanuell e BOVY [email protected] Principal Policy Officer Legislative Programs Aquaculture Division Bevin BRAITHWAI TE [email protected] Department of agriculture, Chief agricultural officer Quito BRAUN ORTEGA [email protected] Gilles BREUIL [email protected] Ifremer - Fish pathologiste Secrétaire général - CAPL Jerry BROTHERS Vincent BUCHET [email protected] IFREMER - Chercheur Laura BURLOT [email protected] Stagiaire Philippe CACOT [email protected] UR Aquaculture - CIRAD / Chercheur Joseph CAMPANOZ ZI-TARAHU [email protected] Service de la Pêche Responsable logistique MariePierre CAMPO Enrico CANTAMES SA [email protected] Student Emilie CARDONA [email protected] VCAT Cadre de recherche en crevetticulture Eric CAUSSE [email protected] Commercial / Techniques de production Jorge CHAVEZVILLALBA [email protected] LDHP Chercheur invité François CHEVALIER [email protected] Gérant, Directeur Wesley CLERVEAU X [email protected] Director, Department of environment & coastal resources Eric CLUA [email protected] CRISP MANAGER Julie COLLETER [email protected] Volontariat civil à l'aide technique (VCAT) IFREMER [email protected] Chef de projet "Développement Durable de la Pisciculture Marine d'Outre-mer" Denis COVES Primary Industry and Resources, South Australia (PIRSA), L14 25 Grenfell St - 5000 Adelaide SA, Australia Department of agriculture, Government of the Virgin Islands Tortola, British Virgin Islands P.O Box 242 IFREMER LALR Chambre de l'agriculture et de la pêche lagonaire Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti CIRAD - UR20 / Bureau 5 - Bâtiment A / Campus international de Baillarguet / TAB-20/A 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 / France Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Représentante du ministère de l'outremer français Catherine CRABB [email protected] Water authority-Cayman / Senior development control tech Gérard CUZON [email protected] Aquaculture : responsable de la nutrition crevettes et poissons 31 D&D Consulting s.a.s., via Montenero 90.30171 Mestre, Venice - Italy Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti GREENSEA Parc scientifique et environnemental 3410 Meze, France IFREMER Tahiti CIBNOR Mexique SCA BORAECOFISH, BP 418 - 98730 Bora Bora Department of environment & coastal resources - Lower bight road - Providenciales Turks & Caicos Islands SPC BP D5 - 98848 Noumea - New Caledonia Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Aquaculture du Languedoc Roussillon, Chemin de Maguelone, 34250 Palavas - France Water Authority-Cayman P.O. Box 1104 KY11102 CAYMAN ISLANDS Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti Rarahu DAVID [email protected] Service de la pêche Responsable santé animale Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Maleli DAWAI [email protected] Officer incharge Freshwater culture, Ministry of Fisheries & Forests, Fiji Fisheries Department, Ministry of Fisheries & Forests, Suva, Fiji Eugène Mehiti Tuanua DEGAGE DEGAGE DEGAGE Eleonora DEGANO [email protected] Student D&D Consulting s.a.s., via Montenero 90.30171 Mestre, Venice - Italy - Geneviève DELAHAIE MIRC [email protected] Assistante de projet, section aquaculture, service des pêches Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie JeanMichel DELECHENE AU [email protected] Responsable technique d'écloserie crevette CAPF BP 70485 98719 Taravao Tahiti Investisseur Investisseur Investisseur Patrick DELHAYE [email protected] Interprète Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie Laurent DEVEMY [email protected] Directeur MCDC Consulting MCDC Consulting BP 20362 - 98713 Papeete Tahiti Mauro DOIMI D&D Consulting Stéphanie DUBRAY [email protected] Chargée projet hauturiers et côtiers - SPE Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Robert DUFOUR [email protected] Technicien supérieur en aquaculture IFREMER BP 7004 98719 Taravao Sylvain DUPIEUX [email protected] Service de la pêche - Assistance technique Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Carine ELISSONDO [email protected] Technicienne supérieure Ecloserie crevette Simon ELLIS [email protected] Director Ingo ERNST [email protected] Manager, Aquatic Animal Health CAPF BP 70485 98719 Taravao Tahiti Marine and environmental research institute of pohnpei (MERIP) PoBox 1005, Pohnpei, FM 96941, Federated states of Micronesia Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, PO Box 858, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Joackim FAAEHO [email protected] CPIA Jeune désireux de monter un projet ASTPP BP 381882 Tamanu 98718 Punaauia Marco FAGNINI [email protected] Etudiant D&D Consulting s.a.s., via Montenero 90.30171 Mestre, Venice - Italy - Tauvae FAIVA SU'A [email protected] Fisheries officer at ministry of agriculture and fisheries Ministry of agriculture and fisheries P.O. Box 1874 Apia SAMOA Jean-claude FALGUIERE [email protected] Responsable laboratoire aquaculture Antilles /IFREMER IFREMER, Route de Pointe Fort 97231 Le Robert Martinique Christian FAUVEL Corentine FAVRE [email protected] Assistante de production SCA BORAECOFISH, BP 418 - 98730 Bora Bora Temauri FOSTER [email protected] Ministre des ressources maritimes Ministère des ressources maritimes BP 2551 98713 Papeete IFREMER 32 Service Territorial des Affaires Rurales et de la Pêche BP 19 Mata'utu 98600 Uvea - Wallis et Futuna Amalia FOTOFILI [email protected] Service Territorial des Affaires Rurales et de la Pêche / Responsable côtier Angélique FOUGEROU SE [email protected] Cellule sanitaire-biologiste Service de la Perliculture, BP 9047 Motu Uta 98715 Papeete Déléguée à la recherche Délégation à la recherche, BP 20981 98713 Papeete Tahiti Polynésie française Priscille Tea FROGIER Teraiareva FROGIER Timothée GADENNE [email protected] Directeur d'AQUAMAY AQUAMAY BP 371 97600 MAMOUDZOU MAYOTTE Nabila GAERTNERMAZOUNI [email protected] Professeur en écologie marine Université de Polynésie française - Laboratoire BIOTEM Laboratoire BIOTEM, Equipe biologie marine, UPF, BP 6570 - 98702 Faaa Aéroport Tahiti PF USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE CRIOBE, BP 1013 Moorea [email protected] Spécialiste aquacole René GALZIN [email protected] Directeur d'études à l'Ecole Pratique des Hautses Etudes (EPHE) - Laboratoire d'ichtyologie tropicale et méditérranéenne de l'Université de Perpignan Cécile GASPAR [email protected] Présidente, Docteur vétérinaire Eric GASSET [email protected] IFREMER Cadre de recherche Olivier GASTON [email protected] Chef de projet affaires européennes - OCTA/SaintPierre et Miquelon Patrick GIRARD [email protected] Vétérinaire aquacole Jean GOGUENHEI M [email protected] Ifremer / Responsable assistance technique Crevettes-poissons IFREMER BP 7004 98719 Taravao Herlé GORAGUER [email protected] Délégué Ifremer Saint-Pierre et Miquelon Yannick GUEGUEN [email protected] Responsable Laboratoire Biotechnologie LBQP Hélène GUEGUEN [email protected] Pôle d'innovation Tahiti Fa'ahotu IFREMER BP 4240 Saint-Pierre et Miquelon Ifremer - Centre Océanologique du Pacifique, BP 7004 98719 Taravao - Tahiti, http://www.ifremer.fr/ Tahiti Fa'ahotu BP 140 289 98701 Arue Philip HEATH [email protected] Manager, Mahanga Bay Aquaculture Facility, New Zealand N.IW.A. 270 Mattey Rd, Miramar Wellington New Zealand [email protected] Responsable développement et animateur filière du SYPAGUA SYPAGUA C/O Parc Aquacole Les plaines 97116 Pointe Noire Guadeloupe François HERMAN Moeava HOEFNAGE LS South Pacific Rori ITO Aquaculture Research and Development, Director & Chief Scientist Masahiro [email protected] 33 TE MANA O TE MOANA IFREMER Station de Palavas 34250 Palavas les Plôts France Représentation de SaintPierre et Miquelon 3, rue FBG St Honoré - 75008 Paris Docteur Patrick GIRARD 1, Lotissement SuperPeynier 13790 Peynier France College of Micronesia Land Grant Program, P.O. Box 1179, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia Jiansan JIA [email protected] Chief Aquaculture Service, Fishery and Aquaculture Dept, FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy Robert JIMMY [email protected] Aquaculture Adviser Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie Chin-Long KI [email protected] Chercheur génétique Camille KNOCKAER T [email protected] STBM. Ingénieur de recherche Richard KNUCKEY [email protected] Director of the Northern Fisheries Center à Cairns John KUHN [email protected] Gérant de ferme aquacole (crevette) FAMB BP 13 - 98820 POVEMBOUT, Nouméa Eddy LAILLE [email protected] Tahiti Fish Aquaculture - Gérant Tautira Fenua Aihere Hervé LALLEMAN T Maurice LAU POUI CHEUNG [email protected] Service des relations internationales Service des relations internationales Thomas LAUNAY [email protected] Tahiti Fish Aquaculture - Chef de production Tautira Fenua Aihere Addison Lee LAWRENCE [email protected] Spécialiste de crevetticulture et de nutrition aquacole Jérémy LE LUYER [email protected] VCAT ingénieur en écosystèmes marins Benoït LE MARECHAL [email protected] Coopérative des Aquaculteurs de Polynésie française - Directeur Gilles LE MOULLAC [email protected] Laboratoire - Responsable : domestication de l'huitre perlière David LECCHINI [email protected] Chercheur à l'IRD Edouard LEHARTEL [email protected] Gérant SCA Bora Bora Aquaculture Moerani LEHARTEL Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti IFREMER, Rue de l'ïle d'yeu, 44000 Nantes, France Assistant du sénateur Tuheiava Texas AgriLife Research Mariculture Laboratory Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti Coopérative des Aquaculteurs de Polynésie française - BP 70 485 - 98719 Taravao Tahiti Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti CRIOBE BP 1013 Moorea SCA BORA BORA AQUACULTURE Site de Tautira Fenua Aihere Tahiti Aquaculteur Philippe LEMERCIER [email protected] Délégué Général Outre Mer Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER) 155, rue JJ Rousseau, 92138 Issyles-Moulineaux, France Yoanna LETANG [email protected] Direction des professionnels de la banque Socrédo. Référente du pôle MER Banque Socrédo BP 130 Papeete Peva LEVY [email protected] Ifremer - Responsable du laboratoire d'histologie Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti Cédrik LO [email protected] Responsable Cellule recherche et développement Service de la Perliculture, BP 9047 Motu Uta 98715 Papeete Interprète Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie Sophie LOCKNER [email protected] 34 Alain LO-YAT MarieHélène LUBRANO Consultant projet 9èFED Perliculture [email protected] Service de la Perliculture, BP 9047 Motu Uta 98715 Papeete Greensea Paul LUU [email protected] Directeur de l'ODEADOM ODEADOM (Office de développement de l'économie agricole d'outre-mer) 12, rue Rol Tanguy - TSA 60006 93555 Montreuil-sousbois Cedex France Moana MAAMAAT UAIAHUTAP U [email protected] Ingénieur Aquacole (Responsable programme pisciculture) Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Giulia MAGOGA [email protected] Etudiante D&D Consulting s.a.s., via Montenero 90.30171 Mestre, Venice - Italy - Mellie MARECHAL Dominique MAROT [email protected] Président AQUAMAY, UAOM AQUAMAY BP 371 97600 MAMOUDZOU MAYOTTE Thierry MARSOLLE [email protected] Aquaculteur. Trésorier du SYPAGUA (SYndicat des Producteurs Aquacoles de GUAdeloupe) Domaine de Severin - Le Boucau 97115 Ste Rose Guadeloupe [email protected] Responsable filière aquaculture Service milieux et ressources aquatiques - Direction du Développement économique et de l'environnement Province Nord, DDEE, BP 41 - 98860 Kone, Nouvelle-calédonie MELOTY [email protected] Solomon Islands Government (Ministry of Fisheries & Marine Resources) / Chief Fisheries Officer Aquaculture Ministry of fisheries & Marine Resources, PO Box G13, Honiara, Solomon Islands Pierre MERY [email protected] Chargé de mission pour la recherche et la technologie auprès du Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie française Haut Commissariat, BP 115 - 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Alice MONTAGNE R [email protected] Student D&D Consulting s.a.s., via Montenero 90.30171 Mestre, Venice - Italy - Georges MONTFRAIX [email protected] Manager ferme crevettes SOPOMER (retraité) Retraité sur Tahiti Michel MOUKIR Membre de Pae Pae No Te Ora PAE PAE NO TE ORA BP 380231 Tamanu 98718 Punaauia Stéphanie MU WONG [email protected] Présidente d'association de Polynésie française Groupe d'associations de Polynésie française Cécile MU WONG [email protected] Pêcheur lagonaire de Polynésie française Poasi NGALUAFE [email protected] Head of Aquaculture Research Groupe d'associations de Polynésie française Department of Fisheries PO Box 871, Nukualofa, Tonga NMC-CREES P.O. Box 501250, Saipan, MP 96950 Mariana Islands 41-202 Kalanianaole HWY, Waimanalo, HI 96795 Claire Alex Mendo MARTY Development agent .OCTA Michael OGO [email protected] Aquaculture & Fisheries Development Program/Aquaculture Extension Agent Anthony OSTROWSKI [email protected] Président d'OCEANIC INSTITUTE 35 Medhy PALFRAY [email protected] Conference Technician Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie Gideon PAMA [email protected] Aquaculture Officer, PNG National Fisheries Authority PNG National Fisheries Authority / P.O Box 2016 - Port Moresby, 121 National Capital Districk / Papua New Guinea Jacques PATROIS [email protected] Département LEAD/NC - Cadre de recherche IFREMER BP 2059 98846 - Nouméa Cedex Nouvelle-calédonie Jean-Marie PEIGNON IFREMER Tiare PENILLA Y PERELLA [email protected] Service de la Pêche - Chargée de communication Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Timothy PICKERING [email protected] Inland Aquaculture Officer, CPS Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie Geneviève PIERONI [email protected] Directeur de cabinet MRM Ministère des ressources maritimes BP 2551 98713 Papeete Cédric PONSONNET [email protected] Service de la Pêche - Chef de la cellule statistique Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Anand PRASAD [email protected] Officer in charge - Aquaculture Brackishwaterwater Activities Fisheries Department, Ministry of Fisheries & Forests, Suva, Fiji Yves QUEINNEC [email protected] Gérant Aquaculture Opunohu SCA Sté d'Aquaculture d'Opunohu BP 1050 Papetoai - Moorea Ecloserie Nord Caraïbes Sarl 14 allée des pipirits quartier Bout-Bois 97221 le Carbet - Martinique Alexis RAGOT [email protected] Gérant de la Sarl Ecloserie Nord Caraïbes / Trésorier ADEPAM Koroa RAUMEA [email protected] Director / Inshore fisheries + Aquaculture division Percy RECHELLUU L [email protected] Fisheries Technicien Georges REMOISSEN ET [email protected] Responsable programme aquaculture au Service de la Pêche Thomas REQUILLAR T [email protected] Responsable du département Aquaculture et Pêche de la PS Steven REY [email protected] Service des relations internationales Benjamin RISPAL [email protected] Responsable production Caroline ROIHAU [email protected] Service de la Pêche - Assistante administrative Valérie ROY [email protected] Service du développement rural - Chef département QAAV Saitu SAIDHALIDI [email protected] DARTM, le Chef de service Hélène SALMON [email protected] Service de la Pêche - Assistante administrative 36 c/- P.O. Box 85, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands Ministry of natural resources, Environment & Tourism, P.O Box 359, Koror, Republic of Palau Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Province Sud, Direction du Développement rural, BP 2386 - 98 846 Nouméa Service des relations internationales AQUAPAC BP 7020 Taravao Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Service du développement rural BP 100 Papeete Tahiti Conseil général de Mayotte / DARTM BP 101 97600 MAMOUDZOU Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Assistante du sénateur Tuheiava Tiarere SALMON Bruno SANDRAS [email protected] DEPUTE - MAIRE de la Commune de Papara Mairie de Papara 98712 Alain SANTONI [email protected] Service de la Pêche/ Chef du bureau administratif et financier Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Pierre SASAL [email protected] Chargé de recherches CNRS USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE CRIOBE, BP 1013 Polynésie française Polynésie française Denis SAULNIER [email protected] Cadre de recherche au LBQP (Laboratoire de biotechnologies et qualité de la perle) Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti Maryline SCHILLING [email protected] Ministère des ressources maritimes / Conseiller technique Ministère des ressources maritimes BP 2551 98713 Papeete Fany SEGUIN [email protected] Responsable environnement / Bureau d'études CREOCEAN Agence Pacifique BP 1433 98703 Punaauia Manaarii Elie SHAMKOUA SHITALOU Teva SIU [email protected] Directeur général Gérard SIU [email protected] Vice-Président de la Commission aquacole CCISM Philippe SIU Arsène STEIN Audrey SZYMANOW ICZ Gabriel TAI Anne Sandrine TALFER Chef du service de la perliculture Ayou TANG RAVAIRAU 9 Marc TAQUET [email protected] Directeur du Centre Ifremer du Pacifique Thierry TAUPENAS [email protected] AROA - Membre de l'APAR (Organisation professionnelle) Alexandre TAYALE [email protected] VCAT Ingénieur de recherche Benoït TCHEPIDJIA N [email protected] Tahiti Eco Clams / Vai Consulting / SDAPF BP 14265 Arue Tahiti Teapehu TEAHE [email protected] Maire de la commune de Takaroa Commune de Takaroa BP 1 Teavaroa 98781 takaroa - Tuamotu Vetea TEHAAMOA NA [email protected] Technicien production Tahiti Eco Clams BP 14265 Arue John TEHURITAU A [email protected] Responsable service international / Dualité CCISM - Rue du Docteur Cassiau BP 118 Papeete Antoine TEITELBAU M [email protected] Aquaculture officer Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP 45 98848 Noumea Cedex Nouvelle Calédonie STARP - Directeur Service Territorial des Affaires Rurales et de la Pêche BP 19 Mata'utu 98600 Uvea - Wallis et Futuna Yannick TESSIER IFREMER AQUAPAC BP 7020 Taravao CCISM - Rue du Docteur Cassiau BP 118 Papeete Retraité pêche Responsable programme lagonaire au Service de la Pêche [email protected] Service de la Pêche, BP 20 98713 Papeete, Tahiti Vétérinaire - SDR [email protected] Stagiaire protection du lagon [email protected] 37 ASTPP BP 381882 Tamanu 98718 Punaauia Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti AROA BP 16 - 97427 Etang salé - Ile de la Réunion Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 7004 Taravao, Tahiti ASTPP BP 381882 Tamanu 98718 Punaauia IDEE AQUACULTURE, 39 rue Jean Giroux 34000 Montpellier France Edna TIAEHAU [email protected] Membre de l'Association Tamarii Pointe des pêcheurs Jacques TRICHEREA U [email protected] Gérant Richard Hinarava TUHEIAVA TUIA [email protected] Bruno UGOLINI [email protected] Conseiller technique au Ministère des ressources maritimes de PF Ministère des ressources maritimes BP 2551 98713 Papeete Tomy Huri UNG [email protected] Secrétaire général Commune de Takaroa BP 1 Teavaroa 98781 takaroa - Tuamotu Dan VAIRAARO A Magali VERDUCCI [email protected] Consultante / Directrice Heremoana Consulting BP 7278 98719 Taravao Tahiti Heifara WALLON [email protected] Chef de production en pisciculture (Platax Orbicularis) Bora Bora Aquaculture Etablissement de Tautira Simon WILKINSON [email protected] Communications Manager Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Sénateur Kahia reserve production Richard XIE [email protected] Laurent YAN [email protected] Stephen YEN KAI SUN [email protected] Chef du service de la Pêche Martha ZARAINHERZBERG [email protected] Centro de Ciencias de Sinaloa. Researcher. Alexandre ZUMBIEHL [email protected] Export / Président President 38 Hawaiian Sealife Inc 3239 Ualena Street, //100, Honolulu, HI 96819 Pirae quartier Tetianina lot 12 BP 1658 Papeete Tahiti Service de la Pêche BP 20 98713 Papeete Centro de Ciencias de Sinaloa, Av. de las Amerixas 2771 Nte, Culiacan Sinaloa Mexico cp 90010 Tahiti Tropical Fish, BP 7134, Taravao Tahiti © SPC, 2012 – Cover design: Muriel Borderie –SPC Publications Section Proceedings of the Tahiti Aquaculture Conference 6—11 December 2010