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Transcription

English

1st NATIONAL ROUNDTABLE ON
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
AND CONSUMPTION
MEXICO 2010
Mexico City
November 18 & 19, 2010
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
3
OBJECTIVES
7
OPENING SESSION
8
1st SESSION
9
Development of a National Sustainable Production and Consumption Strategy
9
Base Line
9
Methodology of the Event
9
2nd SESSION
10
Theme Panel 1. The Marrakech Process on Sustainable Production & Consumption
10
Theme Panel 2. Production
12
Theme Panel 3. Commerce
13
Theme Panel 4. Consumption
14
3rd SESSION
16
Parallel Table 1: Sustainable Production
16
Parallel Table 2: Sustainable Commerce
20
Parallel Table 3: Sustainable Consumption
21
4th SESSION
25
Public Policy Panel
25
Closure of the Event
27
CONCLUSIONS
27
ANNEX 1: Agenda
ANNEX 2: List of Participants
ANNEX 3: Background Paper
ANNEX 4: Presentations
2
Introduction
The 1st National Roundtable on Sustainable Production and Consumption was held in
Mexico City on November 18 and 19, 2010.
The event was organized jointly by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), the
Department of the Environment and National Resources, the European Union and the
EGADE Business School, and was attended by representatives of the community, the private
sector, the public sector and academia.
The purpose of the event was to invite the audience to identify themes, opportunities and
actions to boost the Mexican agenda for sustainable production and consumption, and to
establish the priorities to be included on the agenda. The Roundtable was the first national
forum to be held on Sustainable Production and Consumption, a theme of prime importance
on the national agenda. It was, undoubtedly, just the first of many open and frank
discussions between the community, government, academia and the private sector on a
subject that is vital for Mexico’s competitiveness and development in the 21st century. The
aim of the event, which lasted a day-and-a-half, was not only to establish national priorities
for Sustainable Production and Consumption, but also to ascertain the opinions and needs
of participants in this area. It also underlined Mexico’s contribution to improving the
International Marrakesh Process and the country´s incorporation of the subject of
Sustainable Commerce for the first time. This gave rise to a discussion on the need for a
sustainable market, in other words, in the case of the Mexican debate and as a first
proposal, the subject of the Green Economy was discussed.
The event’s methodology consisted on concentrating on basic problems in the areas of
Production, Commerce and Consumption. A full session was held in the morning on each of
these subjects at which the audience had the opportunity to find out more about each from
the presentations given. Participants then had a free-choice of one of the three parallel
tables held simultaneously to discuss each subject, at which they could contribute with
their ideas and make specific proposals. In this way, each area would be tackled by
3
establishing the audience’s opinion so as to make recommendations and establish
conclusions. The three subjects were fully discussed throughout the event.
Finally, once the results of the Sustainable Production, Commerce and Consumption had
been analyzed, it was concluded that Mexico’s priorities comprised six areas under the
Marrakesh Process: lifestyle, education, public procurement, sustainable production,
building and housing, plus a number of lesser priorities, such as water, energy, agriculture
and transport.
Attendance
One hundred and fifty-five people representing the following sectors attended the event:
SECTOR
NUMBER
BUSINESS
36
DEPT. OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
29
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
28
ACADEMIA
27
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
13
CONSULTANTS
10
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS
09
FOREIGN GUESTS (HONDURAS)
2
LEGISLATIVE
1
The government was represented by seven departments or agencies attached to them. The
full list of participants, together with their e-mail address, is attached hereto.
4
Methodology
The Roundtable commenced on November 18, 2010, in the morning, and ended on
November 19, in the afternoon. The first day comprised theme panels in the morning and
parallel tables in the afternoon, so participants could acquaint themselves more thoroughly
with the subjects of Sustainable Production, Commerce and Consumption at the beginning
of the event.
Each of these subjects was discussed at the theme panels as follows:
Panel 1. Marrakesh Process on Sustainable Production and Consumption, at which the
following questions were asked: How can the economic development of Mexico boost the
change towards sustainability of production and consumption patterns? How can the
working groups of the Marrakesh Process create a change towards societies whose
consumption is based on the framework of the Green Economy line? Is Latin America and,
specifically, Mexico, ready to develop within this framework?
The panel was chaired by Sandra Denisse Herrera Flores, Deputy Secretary of
Environmental Development and Regulation of the Department of the Environment and
Natural Resources (SEMARNAT, acronym in Spanish) and was attended by: Dr. Arab
Hoballah, Head of the Sustainable Production and Consumption Division of the UNEP; Dr.
Kai Bethke, Representative and Director of the Regional Office in Mexico of the United
Nations Industrial Development Organization; and Anna Jonsson, First Secretary of
Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Union Delegation in Mexico.
Panel 2. Sustainable Production, at which the following questions were discussed: What
are Mexican industrial corporations doing to innovate their products? Are they working
together to reduce the use of resources, emission and waste by means of policies that are
aimed at cutting down on consumption? What prevents them from making changes quickly?
Are they working with the academic sector to innovate and come up with alternative
products and processes? How can industry help to create “green” jobs? The panel was
chaired by Luis Hector Barojas Weber, General Director of Industry of SEMARNAT, and
5
attended by: Rodrigo Gallegos Toussaint, Environmental and Technology Director of the
Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad (Mexican Competitiveness Institute); Vladimiro
de la Mora, CEO of the Aviation and Energy Technology Center of GE International México;
and, Alejandro Sosa Reyes, CEO of Global Environmental Management Initiative.
Panel 3. Sustainable Commerce, at which the following questions were debated: Is Mexico
ready to compete in markets that incorporate sustainability criteria during the product life
cycle? Can Mexico and Latin America continue competing in markets that impose new
restrictions on them on account of CO2 emissions? Should retailers support manufacturers
in developing sustainable products jointly? The panel was chaired by Eduardo Javier Ramos
Avalos, Head of the International Negotiations Coordination Unit of the Department of the
Economy, and was attended by: Eugenio Carrion Rodriguez, CEO of Government Relations
of the ANTAD; Manuel Gomez Peña, Sustainability Director for Mexico and Central America
of Wal-mart de México; and Arturo Mendicuti Narro, President of the Mexico City Chamber
of Commerce and Vice-president of the Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce.
Panel 4. Sustainable Consumption, at which the following questions were discussed: How
can the community be encouraged to change its way of life, and does it understand that its
consumption is a major cause of current environmental problems? Will changes in
consumption patterns and lifestyles provide a solution to greater equality and reducing
poverty? How can understandable information be provided to make people aware of the
environmental problems caused by their consumption? The panel was chaired by Ricardo
Navarro Benitez, Vice-president of Political and Legislative Liaison of the Mexico City
Chamber of Commerce, and President of the Legislative Liaison Commission of the
Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce, and was attended by: Victor Chora,
Development Director of DICONSA; Ernesto Bächtold Garcia of the Consejo Nacional de
Industriales Ecologistas AC. (CONIECO) (the National Industrial Ecologists Council);
Alejandro Calvillo Luna, Director of El Poder del Consumidor (Consumer Power); and Dr.
Graizbord Ed Boris, Coordinator of the Lead Program of El Colegio de México.
6
In the afternoon, participants were able to share and debate their ideas at the parallel tables
set up for each theme. Day two comprised a number of panels at which the final conclusions
were drawn from the previous day’s parallel tables, before the event was brought to a close.
Each parallel table lasted two hours. First of all, each participant outlined his or her own
particular interests and specific proposals to define results, and tangible benefits were
sought. This was followed by a general discussion, chaired by a facilitator. Finally, the
specific options discussed were placed in order of priority according to short and mediumterm benefits, grade of complexity and importance for the country.
Objectives
The main objective of the 1st National Roundtable on Sustainable Production and
Consumption was:
Identifying priority areas: To establish specific priority areas in sustainable
production, commerce and consumption, according to the development needs and
specific conditions of Mexico.
Answers to the following questions were sought: 1. Which areas have been covered by
current policies, instruments and activities? 2. Which areas have been covered by
discontinued policies and completed activities? 3. What other priorities have other
countries chosen under similar conditions? The analysis then concentrated on:
Establishing objectives and goals: To define clear objectives with short, medium and
long-term goals that will be easy to verify in the future. Goals must be as specific and
realistic as possible.
Choosing policies and initiatives: These must be chosen on the basis of accomplishing
the objectives and goals established.
Answers regarding the need to reflect on the next steps to be taken were brought together. It
is evident that the process has still not been completed and that it must continue so as to
7
discuss regional processes that may be incorporated into the overall view of the national
agenda. This will enable us to specify differences in priorities in relation to other countries.
As needs are different, the priorities of national agendas also differ.
Opening Session
Sandra Denisse Herrera Flores, Under Ministry of Environmental Regulation and
Promotion of the SEMARNAT, opened the session of the 1st National Roundtable on
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Mexico City on behalf of Juan Rafael Elvira
Quesada, Secretary of the SEMARNAT. In her introduction, Herrera mentioned that alarm
bells were ringing in the environmental sector regarding the emission of greenhouse gases
that affected the planet’s temperature, and that the status quo could not be maintained,
although she said that a solution could be found in the medium term. She said that it was
important to offer consumers sustainable products, savings in the use of energy and water,
plant efficiency and logistics for product distribution. She went on to say that there was
already a “wave of sustainable production” in Mexico, so we should learn how to manage it.
Dr. Arab Hoballah, Head of the Sustainable Production and Consumption Division of the
UNEP, welcomed delegates and outlined the subjects to be discussed. He said that it was
important that national development should be geared to sustainability, but that it was still
not known if we can yet set out on the road to sustainable production and consumption.
Marie-Anne Conninsx, Ambassador and Head of the European Union Delegation in Mexico,
said that it was necessary to establish a green economy and learn how to manage it. She
also spoke about the efficient use of resources, where production and consumption were
the main generator of their correct and incorrect use.
8
1st Session
DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
STRATEGY
Luis Hector Barojas Weber, Industry Director, SEMARNAT
Mr. Barojas said that it has been proven that production and consumption patterns cause
climate change. A commitment for sustainable development was made in 2002. The
Marrakesh Process was agreed in 2003, in which guidelines were laid down for establishing
methodologies for sustainable production and consumption programs. He went on to say
that the subject had been a matter of national and regional strategy for the last ten years,
and that if we do not link the “green economy” (a term first used in 2008) to the solution to
the problems of climate change, we will face severe difficulties in the future. He said it was
the SEMARNAT that included Commerce as a third facet of the Roundtable, after Production
and Consumption.
BASE LINE
Federico Arce Navarro, Director of Sustainable Production and Consumption, SEMARNAT
Mr. Arce presented the Base Line document, the purpose of which was to lay down a base
line as to what the country had to do. He said that our decisions had been a function of
scarcity, which linked to crisis, has been reflected in the international finance system. “It is
an urgent problem”, he expressed.
METHODOLOGY OF THE EVENT
Dr. Susana Chacon. Head Lecturer, Studies on Mexico. ITESM Santa Fe Campus.
Dr. Chacon explained the methodology of the event to delegates, and invited the public to
attend the parallel discussion tables so that it could become involved in the national agenda
in good time. He said that three areas would be discussed during the event: Production,
Commerce and Consumption.
9
2nd Session
THEME PANEL 1.
MARRAKESH PROCESS ON SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND
CONSUMPTION
Promotion of the SEMARNAT, acted as chairman and put the following questions to the
panel: How can the economic development of Mexico boost the change towards
sustainability of production and consumption patterns? How can the working groups of the
Marrakesh Process create a change towards societies whose consumption is based on the
framework of the Green Economy line? Is Latin America and, specifically, Mexico, ready to
develop within this framework?
Dr. Arab Hoballah, Head of the Sustainable Production and Consumption Division of the
UNEP, said that the “Marrakesh Process established the framework for working at the
international, regional and national level, provided additional information on sustainable
consumption patterns, and explained how to help countries to progress in sustainable
production and development”. He said that it was important to bear in mind the challenges
and opportunities of the last twenty years. To do so, three particular tasks needed to be
carried out: defining public policies, improving practices and increasing investment,
although he emphasized that it what was most important to change the way in which
decisions were made. He went on to say that Mexico, together with Brazil, was the regional
leader in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Dr. Kai Bethke, Representative and Director of the Regional Office in Mexico of the United
Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), said that environmental quality is
an indispensable requirement for commercial competitiveness. The UNIDO had set up a
resource management efficiency program that included guidelines for reducing
environmental impact by means of conservation programs, and publicizing and
10
emphasizing the subject of human development through a network of clean-production
centers, of which there were 45 around the world.
There were other issues that also needed looking at, such as efficient use of resources,
social and corporate responsibility, and removing barriers to be able to implement clean
production. One of these barriers was the lack of funding and incentives for SMEs. He also
said that there was insufficient information and awareness in both the community and
government. This initiative is headed by the SEMARNAT, although the private sector should
also be involved in order to increase the technical capacity of SMEs so that they may adopt
sustainability. One way of bringing about change would be to introduce sustainable
practices and create ways of financing them. He proposed to set up a fund to be able to
implement these practices, and to seek a means to introduce practical applications and
solutions in specific areas.
Anna Jonsson, First Secretary of Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Union
Delegation in Mexico, said that sooner or later it would be necessary to change the way we
produce and consume. She pointed out that Europe had made great progress in this area
and had set up a plan of action for sustainable production and consumption, the aim of
which was to reduce the effect that consumption and production have on the life cycle, and
increase competitiveness. “It should be the same for all countries”, she added. She went on
to say that in countries like Mexico, development is closely linked to poverty and improving
conditions for all should not be seen as a loss of competitiveness, but rather as an
opportunity. “Mexico has many opportunities in terms of renewable energy”, said Mrs.
Jonsson. She said that the European Union had worked closely with emerging countries to
share the best practices in a number of sectors. There were currently several long-term
programs that tackled various problems, such as “ecolabeling”, which comprises the symbol
of a flower to show that products are environmentally friendly, and “ecodesign”, which
comprises a series of minimum standards to ensure that products are improved and that
consumer information is expanded. These standards include a number of requirements that
are reviewed from time to time so that products that go further may use the ecological
label. In the modern-day economy, production chains are so closely linked internationally
that what one country does affects others.
11
THEME PANEL 2. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
Luis Hector Barojas Weber, Industry Director of the SEMARNAT, acted as chairman on
this panel and the following questions were discussed: What are Mexican industrial
corporations doing to innovate their products? Are they working together to reduce the
use of resources, emissions and waste by means of policies that are aimed at cutting down
on consumption? What prevents them from making changes quickly? Are they working
with the academic sector to innovate and come up with alternative products and processes?
How can industry help to create “green” jobs?
Rodrigo Gallegos Toussaint, Environment and Technology Director of the Instituto
Mexicano para la Competitividad (the Mexican Competitiveness Institute), said that
companies such as CEMEX, BIMBO and FEMSA were at the forefront of innovation and that
they manufactured green products. He said that he sees Mexico as an example to follow and
that it has a great potential in the renewable energy sector.
Vladimiro de la Mora, CEO of the Aviation and Technology Center of GE International
México, said that it took the company four years to get its sustainable energy program up
and running, although it had had a positive effect and benefited the company. He pointed
out that developing technology required time and investment.
Alejandro Sosa Reyes, CEO of Global Environmental Management Initiative, believed that
assigning tasks to each member of the value chain would be a major step in progressing in
an orderly manner. “The market must provide results”, Mr. Sosa added.
The conclusions of the panel were as follows:
Innovation is business. If there is business, changes may be made.
There are restrictions in education and communications that do not help sustainable
production.
The importance of the times and the need for taking action urgently was discussed.
12
The lack of sustainable projects was emphasized.
The role of academia was discussed, along with the need to develop talent, introduce
more specific programs and publicize them.
Production was closely linked to consumption and commerce.
The importance of providing the customer information was emphasized.
There was the need to redesign current products, with emphasis being placed on the
weight of the new market that not only comprises 1.5 billion inhabitants, but rather
around 5 billion with high levels of sub-consumption.
THEME PANEL 3. SUSTAINABLE COMMERCE
Eduardo Javier Ramos Avalos, Head of the International Negotiations Coordination Unit
of the Assistant Secretary’s Office of the Department of the Economy, chaired the panel. The
following questions were discussed: Is Mexico ready to compete in markets that
incorporate sustainability criteria during the product life cycle? Can Mexico and Latin
America continue competing in markets that impose new restrictions on them on account
of CO2 emissions? Should retailers support manufacturers in developing sustainable
products jointly?
Eugenio Carrion Rodriguez, Government Relations Director of the ANTAD, mentioned
three major factors for placing the role of commerce in Mexico in context: 1. The
importance of a national inventory of “who is who” in the area of sustainability in Mexico; 2.
Properly defining the role of the state as promoter, and the importance of setting an
example for the market to follow; and, 3. Respecting the freedom of companies and
protecting competiveness in Mexico. He said that Mexico had a suitable legal framework as
far as sustainability was concerned.
13
Manuel Gomez Peña, Sustainability Director, Mexico and Central America, of Wal-mart de
México, underlined the role of companies in sustainable development, saying that efficiency
had been improved in its value chain and that CO2 emission had been reduced.
Arturo Mendicuti Narro, President of the Mexico City Chamber of Commerce and Vicepresident of the Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce, said that in Mexico it
was major corporations that had developed sustainable commerce. He also pointed out that
there were 180,000 establishments in Mexico in the area of commerce, 98.5% of which are
small enterprises. He said that the areas that needed to be discussed in order to create a
sustainable environment in Mexico were: making people aware, professional competence
and efficiency. He spoke about incorporating small and medium-size enterprises into the
sustainability program.
The panel arrived at the following conclusions:
It discussed the importance of the retail trade in putting suppliers in contact with
customers. The need to concentrate on packaging was also discussed.
The role of the state was discussed.
There should be less informality.
The value of reusing material was looked at.
The various segments of retailing were examined.
It was concluded that it would be necessary to create awareness.
THEME PANEL 4. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
Ricardo Navarro Benitez, Vice-president of Political and Legislative Liaison of the Mexico
City Chamber of Commerce, and President of the Legislative Liaison Commission, chaired
the panel. The following questions were discussed: How can the community be encouraged
to change its way of life, and does it understand that its consumption is a major cause of
current environmental problems? Will changes in consumption patterns and lifestyles
provide a solution to greater equality and reducing poverty? How can understandable
14
information be provided to make people aware of the environmental problems caused by
its consumption?
Victor Chora, Development Director of DICONSA, referred to the importance of people
understanding that their consumption is a major factor in current environmental problems.
He also discussed the importance of promoting sustainable consumption, providing
consumers information easy to understand, so as to create awareness of environmental
problems. He wound up by saying that any such program should be introduced gradually
for which intelligent policies would be needed.
Ernesto Bächtold Garcia, of the Consejo Nacional de Industriales Ecologistas AC.
(CONIECO), said that social responsibility (ethics) was the key to solving environmental
problems. “Everyone in the world should take on the responsibility of educating people to
be socially responsible”, he said. He concluded by saying that consumers in every country
should adhere to environmental regulations, so that progress could be made in this area.
Alejandro Calvillo Luna, CEO of El Poder del Consumidor, said that from the consumer’s
point of view, it is not just a matter of education, but rather how we consume. Can we talk
about sustainable commerce in a world of hyper-consumerism? Mr. Calvillo said that
specific regulations should be introduced to ensure that the state did not remain isolated
from the community, but that the state should answer to the community.
Dr. Graizbord Ed Boris, Coordinator of the Lead Program of El Colegio de México,
expressed that consumerism was essential on global and national scale and that different
measures should be taken for different scales. He spoke of the importance of consumers
accepting responsibility for their actions and that they should not only think of benefits.
The panel reached the following conclusions:
-
Changing the consumer process
o Considering price restrictions, availability and income.
o Feeding poorer communities.
o Supporting lifestyles and sustainable consumption.
15
-

Considering different offers for different types of consumption.

Designing different processes for different individuals.
Education and awareness
o Reestablishing values.
o Being socially responsible.
o Creating awareness by providing information easy to understand
(campaigns)
o Accepting responsibility instead of just thinking of benefits.
o Adhering to regulations
-

Including environmental aspects

Car efficiency standards
Converting proposals into public policy
o Encouraging governments to buy “green”.
o Financing energy-saving technology.
o Including externalities.
o Packing and packaging legislation.
o Notifying obsolescent products.
o Encouraging the use of public transport.
3rd Session
During the 3rd session of the Roundtable, participants chose one of the three parallel tables,
according to their specific area of interest, at which they established priorities in Mexico in
sustainable production, commerce and consumption.
PARALLEL TABLE 1. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
The parallel table looked at the areas of interest of the various sectors represented: the
public sector, private sector, the community and academia. The first question was: how to
make production sustainable? The many answers to this question appear below:
16
INTEREST
1. Regulations: It was emphasized that there were currently very few regulations and
standards that actually worked, so the public sector and private sector should get
together to discuss how to improve and/or change them, or to propose new ones. A
good example of this would be to find out how regulations in the USA and the European
Union work. It was said that effective solutions were needed, that clear targets should
be established and communication standards should be implemented. It was
emphasized that information is an important tool that had not been used properly.
2. Definition of Sustainable: To be able to achieve these solutions, it was important to
bear in mind that “sustainable” does not mean reduction. It was also said that the tools
that were currently available should be clearly determined so that they could be used to
achieve cleaner production. Greater attention should be paid to reducing the use of
natural resources and toxic material.
3. Production and Consumption: Production is directly linked to consumption, so
products should be analyzed and their characteristics made known, in order to increase
their added value. This would increase the probability of achieving the targets
established for improving the environment. Consumers must be provided of accurate
and effective information. It should also be understood that products offered constitute
a social need, so a series of characteristics should be included based on the
manufacturing process.
4. Sustainable Building: Particular attention should be paid in this area to energy, sold
waste, green areas and transport, which should be used correctly and made
sustainable. One of the country’s major challenges today was finding a way of
increasing the number of habitable areas and making them sustainable at the same
time. It was emphasized that this should be a shared responsibility.
5. Production and Consumption Accessible to All: Products needed to be improved so
that they could be offered at more accessible prices and so that they could be available
to all sectors of the community.
17
CONCERNS
Many concerns were expressed at the parallel table. It was said that energy, water and
food should be considered as products. It was also said that particular attention should be
paid to products and to complying with regulations. To the extent that regulations are
complied with, companies could be given incentives or penalized so as to encourage them
to use resources properly in manufacturing processes and for the end product. These
improvements required designers who come up with ideas and who set up more
sustainable manufacturing systems and packaging. The need to set up a tax system that
monitored the use and emission of carbon dioxide of vehicles used to transport products
was also discussed.
Green Initiatives: The importance of providing initiatives and introducing green process
into production was emphasized, in other words, implementing the use of alternative, clean
sources of energy, such as biodiesel, and encouraging and increasing investment for
companies that wish to incorporate these improvements into their systems. Bearing this in
mind, SMEs should have the confidence of the financial system and receive support for their
design projects.
OPTIONS
With regard to the options available to deal with the problem, a number of
recommendations were made in the following six priority areas.
1. Water: The needed to make more funds available was emphasized. The benefits being
sought included making water more accessible and improving its quality. It was
suggested that rainwater could be used to make water cleaner and it was mentioned
that there were certain parts of Mexico in which rainwater could be used. It was also
important to have self-sufficient basins that had the capacity to meet the demand for
water; installation of water banks was also proposed. Finally, the table discussed the
need to educate people on the importance of using water correctly and making them
aware of the need to use water carefully. In order to encourage the better use of water,
the table looked at the possibility of adjusting the current legal framework to increase
18
the price of water and classify it as a scarce resource, so as to make people use it more
correctly.
2. Food: Options included encouraging transfer of technology that may increase food
production. The use of organic products was also discussed (organic products being
those that do not contain harmful agrochemicals or fertilizers). A way to commit
producers to use organic processes should be found.
3. Waste:
It
was
suggested that
treatment
of waste
should
be
improved.
Recommendations included recycling, categorizing and using waste to produce energy.
One point that was emphasized was that the design of packaging should be altered to
avoid excess waste, just one of several advantages.
4. Public policy: It was suggested that public policy should concentrate on legislation that
regulates the refilling of water bodies. It was also said that sustainability should be a
responsibility shared by all involved, although depending on how they were involved.
The idea of using assisted methods to filter water into the subsoil, as a means of
refilling water bodies, was also discussed. It was said that using rainwater would be an
excellent option for urban areas. Changing people’s way of life was also discussed,
including better planning of urban areas in order to reduce the distance between
residential areas and places of business and work, and to reduce the dependence on
cars. The panel also looked at the possibility of reducing the number of parking lots to
encourage people to use other means of transport.
5. Cleaner production: This subject was discussed thoroughly and a number of ways
were proposed to make production cleaner. Options included cutting down on the use
of water in production processes, reducing the use of materials, more responsible use
of energy, using less toxic materials and reducing waste and emission.
6. Financial matters: It was suggested that companies that commit themselves to
sustainable production could be given financial incentives, and that companies that
introduce cleaner production methods could be given facilities to obtain loans or have
access to financing schemes. Another factor broadly discussed was the importance of
investing in development of cleaner production, to which the private sector and
government should both commit themselves.
19
PARALLEL 2. SUSTAINABLE COMMERCE
Several areas of interest were discussed by academics, representatives of various
government departments and representatives of the private sector at the commerce
parallel table. The aim of the discussion was to establish the ways in which commerce could
make changes to incorporate sustainability. The suggestions and arguments made were
varied and relevant. First of all, the role of the private sector as the producer of business
was looked at, along with the role of the state as the regulator and certifier of products.
International trade and its impact on domestic trade was another important issue from the
point of view of international regulations, plus the development of commerce as a
consequence.
Sustainable commerce should be generated by businessmen and the government.
Certifications, regulations and incentives for sustainable distribution and sales are very
important. As far as domestic commerce is concerned, these measures would help to change
how commerce is generated, and standardized criteria could be established based on
international standards. Certification was one of the points most widely discussed. The
procedure for obtaining valid and well defined certification was of some concern to
distributors, and they asked the government to encourage green certification (the so-called
“eco-label”), but not to provide certification itself. The importance of the subject was mainly
due to the increasing number of products with apocryphal certifications and other products
that have international certification.
On the subject of regularization, the disparity in domestic commerce was discussed, in
other words, the difference between multinational companies and small and medium-size
enterprises. The lack of training and information restricts the transition of companies to
using sustainable processes. With a view to reducing the gap between companies, the need
for setting up channels of information and for providing training was discussed. First of
all, the definition of sustainable commerce in Mexico was analyzed, then a sustainable
product that would help consumers and companies in developing and establishing demand
was defined. One of the suggestions made was to set up a Sustainable Commerce Citizens
20
Council to incorporate the community, instead of just leaving things to the private sector
and the government.
Distributors pointed out what could be achieved if the strategies they proposed were
implemented.
Updating
current
strategies
regarding
product
distribution
and
warehousing between supplier and distributor geared to sustainable methods would
reduce costs for all involved. The transport of products was a basic example of how using
sustainable technology could benefit the entire product chain and the product life cycle. In
order to achieve this, it would be necessary to measure the carbon emission of distribution
and production chains, something that is still not very common in Mexico. Creating greater
corporate social responsibility and providing incentives for fairer trading would benefit
the end user.
Informal commerce was also discussed at the table. Representatives of the private sector
underlined the importance of regulating informal traders. The argument was that a true
transition towards sustainability could not be achieved while consumers preferred buying
products from informal traders.
The importance of communication was established as the number-one priority for
sustainable commerce. The importance of educating people and making them aware of
methods, strategies and actions concerning sustainability was emphasized.
PARALLEL TABLE 3. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
The various sectors involved in sustainable commerce were widely represented at the
sustainable consumption table, including government officials, and representatives of
industry, non-governmental organizations and international bodies. The discussion was
frank, although on occasions there were clearly differing opinions on some subjects, but
each person’s point of view was respected. First of all, the table discussed the definition of
“sustainable consumption”. How do you define sustainable consumption? What
consumption and whose consumption?
21
Consumption is not a bad thing per se; it is necessary to meet needs so that people may
have a better quality of life. The concept should be restricted to consumption of products,
because it also refers to the way in which we use natural resources. Current consumer
patterns originate from a form of consumerism that arose from the industrial revolution, in
which “being” was compared with “having”.
The table said that 50 million people in Mexico are below the poverty line and that these
people are exposed to unsustainable consumer patterns through the media, which not only
accentuates their state of poverty, but also may have a negative effect on their health.
The representative of the UNEP said that sustainable consumption is a universal concept
that applies to the highest and lowest levels of society, so it is fundamental not to blame
consumers for their actions, but rather to make them responsible for the decisions they
make.
It was agreed that there was no clear definition in Mexico for the concept of “sustainable
consumption”, and that time should not be wasted in looking for one; instead, the
definitions used by the United Nations should be used. The table agreed that sustainable
commerce was an alternative that was a less destructive way of consuming, so it is a
universal principle.
The table agreed that it was easy to talk about consumption, but difficult to establish a
definite plan of action. The first step was to establish a common language and then to take
into account the full cycle of the product, bearing in minds the concepts of recycling,
reducing and reusing. Several people said that consumers were not aware of the problems
involving waste.
The table considered that both formal and informal education was a key issue in
progressing “sustainable consumption”. Proposals included:
1. Consumers educating themselves: educating and informing themselves, becoming a
knowledgeable and consistent consumer. It is important to have information
available to be able to make a decision.
2. Seeking a common language, based on international experience.
22
3. Creating a culture of social responsibility. Culture and education are very important,
but it is necessary to start with children when they are young.
4. Educating consumers, providing them clear and accurate information.
5. Developing a formal and informal national program. To achieve this, the current
situation must be defined, actions of differentiated responsibility implemented, a
national strategy established to create awareness, with feasible goals, and friendly
education programs set up (as opposed to strict educational programs).
Another fundamental issue was to reconsider consumption processes. It was said that the
current consumer process was based on creating needs as part of a production plan. Instead
of satisfying a need leading to creating a product, industry manufactures products that,
through advertising, create a need, which leads to consumption. Creating needs is currently
part of the production plan. Everyone agreed that advertising had to be controlled; the
NGOs criticized the negative impact that advertising had on creating extra-somatic
consumption and on addressing a market of unsuitable products to the low-income sector
of the community. Representatives of industry said that some advertising had gone too far
and that this had resulted in unfair competition, particularly when inaccurate information
was provided due to insufficiently clear definitions.
The need to control advertising was broadly discussed, including aspects such as
regulations, labeling and “green” certification. It was agreed that scientifically-based
information was need, that externalities should be internationalized and that the state
should play a major role in legal and regulatory aspects. The discussion on packing and
packaging legislation produced varying points of view, as some representatives of industry
expressed their opposition to this type of legislation, whereas NGOs and public officials said
that it would have an important part to play.
With regard to the role of the state, the importance of green government procurement as
a means of boosting sustainable consumption was discussed. This subject was of concern to
the representatives of industry who said that discretion should be applied. It was said that
there was much international experience in this area and that it is regulated in many
countries, so it would not be necessary to improvise. It was said that green procurement
23
had to be legislated. As government procurement legislation requires a certain degree of
local content, suppliers would need to be consulted first to ensure that requirements could
be met and to promote the change to sustainable options.
The table discussed two courses of action to make the transition to sustainable
consumption over the course of time: the first involved construction/building and the
second transport. With regard to the first, the importance of encouraging the efficient use of
water and energy was highlighted. The representative of the UNEP said that by taking
simple action, the use of water and energy in buildings could be reduced by 30% and, with a
little investment by up to 50%; this would also help to reduce the emission of greenhouses
gases.
The table also discussed the matter of subsidizing water and sources of energy. It was said
that subsidies should be removed and that actual prices should be charged, in order to
encourage responsible use. It was said that if sensible political action was taken, this
proposal could be considered in the medium term. Some participants expressed their
disagreement with this measure, as they believed that it would adversely affect the
situation of the low-income sector. They also said that changing street lights and other
measures taken by the government had not led to a reduction in the cost of electricity bills,
so there was no clear incentive to invest in energy efficiency.
The table agreed that it was necessary to build sustainable cities, which would not only
imply encouraging saving energy and water, as far as building was concerned, but also
setting up rainwater collection systems and installing solar panels and heaters and “green”
roofs. This led to a discussion on transport. In a city such as Mexico City, the government
should provide more information on the ecological effect of transport and of the various
options available. This information was needed to make decisions. Given the intensive use
of the automobile and the restrictions to using more sustainable transport, it was
indispensable to establish strict energy efficiency regulations for automobiles.
The table put forward the following proposals:
1. To set up a formal and informal educational program on sustainable consumption.
24
2. To hold sector forums on the subject. The representative of the plastics industry
said that a forum would be held in February 2011 on sustainable production and
consumption in the plastics industry.
3. To produce leaflets that specify specific action to be taken on a day-by-day basis to
promote sustainable consumption, which would be distributed to all homes. The
leaflets would be printed by the government (SEMARNAT).
4. To control advertising.
5. To move forward in the areas of standardization, certification and verification for
sustainable development, in a context of total transparency and providing
consumers information.
6. To ascertain the best international practices based on international experience.
4th Session
PUBLIC POLICY PANEL
Irma Adriana Gomez, Dean of the EGADE Business School México (ITESM), chaired the
panel. Dr. Gomez spoke about the importance of the inequality of production, commerce
and consumption in Mexico, and that it was important that the regulations introduced by
government did not affect the country’s competitiveness. She also emphasized the need to
provide accurate information for consumers and manufacturers to be able to make
decisions, and to create awareness of sustainability. She wound up by saying that the 1st
Roundtable on Sustainable Production and Consumption was the first step towards taking
concerted action in the area of sustainable production and consumption, which she said
was a universal matter for which not only was the government responsible, but also the
Mexican people as a whole.
Sandra Denisse Herrera Flores, Under Secretary of Environmental Development and
Regulation of the SEMARNAT, said that her department was convinced that public policy
involved the government, the private sector and the community in general. She said that
25
public policy should not adversely affect the competitiveness of companies, and added that
terms of reference were already being drafted with a view to carrying out a thorough study
of the regulations that would help the country to move towards a green economy. In this
context, she said that the SEMARNAT was looking to work with other departments to set up
suitable promotional programs. “We need to establish sustainable production schemes with
the Department of the Economy and the Treasury Department”, Dr. Herrera added.
Antonio Morales de la Peña, the Federal Consumer Advocate, said that the Federal
Consumer Protection Agency had much to contribute and much to learn with regard to
sustainable production and consumption. Mr. Morales de la Peña said that consumption
was divided into seven areas: conscious consumption, informed consumption, critical
consumption, healthy consumption, sustainable consumption, joint consumption and active
consumption. He pointed out a number of successes of the Federal Consumer Protection
Agency with regard to sustainability, such as: 51 notes in articles in its Consumer magazine
(on line), 150 pods, 44 mentions on TV; several articles in the Consumer magazine on
subjects such as garbage, green homes, solar water heaters, water-saving toilets, suppliers
that offer sustainable products, energy-saving light bulbs, reusing obsolete electrical
equipment, organic gardens, and others; Internet content, social networks, 2.0 digital media
(saving on paper); books were edited; battery collection centers were installed; the
ecovehiculos.gob.mx site was opened with consumer information on the technical features
of vehicles, and others. The Advocate finished by saying that major action had to be taken to
have a real impact on the community.
Elizabeth Oswelia Yañez Robles, Under Secretary of Citizens Advice and Regulations of
the Department of the Civil Service (SFP, initals in Spanish), spoke about sustainable
government procurement and said that it would be difficult for the government to adopt
“green” procurement if there were no “green” suppliers. She said that the SFP had to work
closely with the SEMARNAT, Treasury Department and the SFP, in which coordinated tasks
are very important. She also said that the SFP had made great progress in sustainability,
mentioning that the committees of federal government departments now had the obligation
to employ sustainable procurement criteria.
26
CLOSURE OF THE EVENT
Sandra Denisse Herrera Flores, Under Secretary of Environmental Development and
Regulation of the SEMARNAT, closed the event and thanked and congratulated all
participants. She expressed gratitude to the organizers, saying that “we are closing in a
joyful way”. Nevertheless, she added that the issue of sustainability would not stop in this
Roundtable, as the greatest task was to bring together public policy into this highly diverse
country and to come up with positive results.
Conclusions
Once the ideas and options were discussed by three parallel tables (sustainable production,
commerce and consumption), the following areas were analyzed in order to establish which
were priorities to Mexico:
CLIMATE CHANGE
GREEN
ECONOMY
FAMILY
CONSUMPTION
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Transport
X
X
Recycling and waste
management
Cleaner production
Cities
Fishing
Forestry
Manufacturing
Food and drink
X
X
SECTOR
MARRAKESH PROCESS
Ways of life
Education in
sustainable
consumption
Sustainable public
procurement
Sustainable products
Sustainable
construction and
building
Sustainable tourism
Water
Energy
Agriculture
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
and mobility
X
X
X
X
X
X
27
In order to reach agreements at each table and to establish priorities, attention was focused
on the three variables of benefits, complexity and importance (see attached graph),
producing the following results in production, commerce and consumption:
Identification of Priority Areas
IMPORTANCE
HIGH
LOW
SHORT TERM
MEDIUM TERM
BENEFITS
Note: According to Stage 4 Planning for Change.
Ref. Base Line Document page 24
COMPLEXITY
PRODUCTION
•
Water : Short term, high complexity, high importance
•
Energy: Short term, high complexity, high importance
•
Sustainable housing: Medium term, high complexity, high importance
•
Transport: Short term, high complexity, high importance
•
Agriculture/Food: Short term, high complexity, high importance
28
•
Clean products: Medium term, high complexity, high importance
COMMERCE
•
Education and communication: Short term, low complexity/high complexity, high
importance
•
Products and services
•
Efficient use: Energy and water: Short term, low complexity, high importance
•
Procurement: Short term/medium term, high complexity, high importance
•
Sustainable tourism: Short term, high complexity/low complexity, high importance
CONSUMPTION
•
Ways of life: Short term, high complexity, high importance
•
Construction and building: Medium term, high complexity, medium importance
•
Education and communication: Short term, low complexity/high complexity, high
importance
•
Public procurement: Short term, low complexity, high importance
•
Transport: Short term, medium complexity, high importance
•
Water and energy/actual prices: Medium term, high complexity, high importance
As may be appreciated, some subjects were repeated at all three tables, particularly
transport, energy and water. Education, public procurement, sustainable production,
construction and building, and agriculture were discussed at two tables. Ways of life and
tourism were only discussed at one table. Some aspects, although discussed at the same
time, were not the main focus of attention or priority for tables, so they are not included in
the conclusions. The conclusions of greater priority are emphasized. As already mentioned,
the case of Mexico coincided with the subjects of the Marrakesh Process, the following
being the most important:
29
OVERALL RESULTS
SECTOR
PRODUCTION
COMMERCE
WAYS OF LIFE
CONSUMPTION
TOTAL
X
1
EDUCATION
X
X
2
PUBLIC
PROCUREMENT
SUSTAINABLE
PRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
AND HOUSING
TOURISM
X
X
2
X
X
X
2
X
X
2
1
WATER
X
X
X
3
ENERGY
X
X
X
3
AGRICULTURE
X
X
TRANSPORT
X
X
2
X
3
Considering that this was the first ever National Roundtable held on sustainability, the
results were very positive. It was concluded that the roundtable was just the first step on
the way to discussing specific aspects at later events, so as to come up with a
comprehensive social agenda and to establish regional and global priorities. It was noted
that sustainable production, commerce and consumption were of great concern to
Mexicans. The public and private sectors, the community and academia saw a great
opportunity to establish a sustainable market, as this would no doubt be the key to
changing patterns in Mexico.
30
Annex 1
1
AGENDA
1st NATIONAL ROUNDTABLE OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
Mexico City, November 18 and 19, 2010
Marquis Reforma Hotel.
Production and consumption patterns over the last few decades have been the main cause of the environmental
problems that we face today, mainly reflected on climate change. In order to address a country’s development
based on a green economy and on actions that help emissions´ reduction and incentivize the proper use of
resources, a strategy that involves public policy and public and private initiatives must be introduced to promote a
move towards sustainable production and consumption.
A fundamental part of this development comprises identifying priority areas so as to concentrate on those in which
there may be benefits in the short term, according to development needs and the economic conditions that reign in
Mexico.
That is why the aim of the National Roundtable on Sustainable Production and Consumption, attended by
representatives of various sectors of the community, is to identify and choose those areas or sectors in which
changes may be made to current production and consumption paradigms.
In addition, the Roundtable will seek to identify possible action linked to current public policy or future policy needs
in priority areas, so as to establish which tasks the various sectors of the community consider should be carried out
to boost development by means of a Green Economy.
NOVEMBER 18, 2010
9:00 a 10:00
10:00 a 10:15
10:15 a 10:30
10:30 a 10:40
10:40 a 10:50
Registration.
Welcoming speech/ opening/ objectives of the Roundtable
Sandra Denisse Herrera Flores; Under Ministry of Environmental Regulation and Promotion, SEMARNAT
(The Department of the Environment and Natural Resources).
Arab Hoballah; Head of the Sustainable Production and Consumption Division, UNEP.
Marie-Anne Conninsx, Ambassador, Head of the European Union Delegation in Mexico.
Development of the National Production and Consumption Strategy
Luis H. Barojas Weber, General Director of Industry, SEMARNAT
Base Line
Federico Arce Navarro, Director of Sustainable Production and Consumption, SEMARNAT
Methodology of the Event
Irma Adriana Gomez, Director. EGADE Business School, Mexico City.
Susana Chacon, Head Lecturer, Studies on Mexico, ITESM, SANTA FE CAMPUS.
2
AGENDA
1st NATIONAL ROUNDTABLE OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND
CONSUMPTION
10:50 to
11:30
THEME PANEL 1 THE MARRAKESH PROCESS ON SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND
CONSUMPTION/THE GREEN ECONOMY
A Green Economy links economic growth to environmental sustainability by means of
investment in economic sectors so as to help reduce consumption of the planet’s
natural resources, reduce environmental risks and damage to the environment and, at
the same time, to further job creation.
In order to boost this type of investment, market infrastructure policy and development
need to be reinforced so as to encourage productivity and competition.
How can economic development in Mexico lead to changes towards sustainability of
production and consumption patterns? How can the working groups of the Marrakesh
Process encourage change in societies whose consumption is based on the line
established by the Green Economy? Is Latin America, specifically Mexico, prepared to
develop within this framework?
Chairman: Sandra Denisse Herrera Flores
Under Ministry of Environmental Regulation and Promotion, SEMARNAT
Presentation: UNEP
Attended by:
Dr. Arab Hoballah.
Head of the Sustainable Production and Consumption Division.
United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP).
Dr. Kai Bethke
Representative and Director of the Regional Office in Mexico.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Anna Jonsson.
First Secretary, Economic and Financial Affairs.
European Union Delegation in Mexico
3
AGENDA
CONSUMPTION
11:30 to THEME PANEL 2 Production
12:10
Current production trends are being influenced by the demand to bring together
economic, social and environmental aspects when developing and manufacturing
products, and the need to orientate consumers towards responsible consumption of
products manufactured in a sustainable manner.
There are, however, financial, economic, politics related, organizational, technical and
technological and conceptual factors that have hindered progress towards establishing
sustainable production patterns, and the design of products that make consumers reflect
on the impact of what they consume throughout a product’s life cycle.
What are Mexican industrial corporations doing to innovate their products? Are they
working together to reduce the use of resources, emission and waste by means of
policies that are aimed at cutting down on consumption? What prevents them from
making changes quickly? Are they working with the academic sector to innovate and
come up with alternative products and processes? How can industry help to create
“green” jobs?
Chairman: Luis Hector Barojas Weber.
General Director of Industry, SEMARNAT
Presentation: UNEP
Attended by:
Rodrigo Gallegos Toussaint
Environmental and Technology Director of the Instituto Mexicano
para la Competitividad (the Mexican Competitiveness Institute).
Vladimiro de la Mora
CEO of the Aviation and Technology Center
GE International México.
Alejandro Sosa Reyes
CEO, Global Environmental Management Initiative
4
AGENDA
CONSUMPTION
12:10 to
12:25
Break
12:25 to
1:05
THEME PANEL 3 Commerce
Commerce and retail are the market forces that have become influential in tipping the
balance when deciding what to buy, and in the free transition of products towards
sustainability.
Some countries have established policies that prevent trading products that do not meet
sustainability requirements throughout their life cycle. Major self-service chains require
their suppliers to develop new products or to use new technology, so as to supply
products under the flag of sustainability and, in turn, provide consumers greater options.
Is Mexico ready to compete in markets that incorporate sustainability criteria during the
product life cycle? Can Mexico and Latin America continue competing in markets that
impose new restrictions on them on account of CO2 emissions? Should retailers support
manufacturers in developing sustainable products jointly?
Chairman:
Eduardo Javier Ramos Avalos.
Head of the International Negotiations Coordination Unit,
Under Department of Foreign Trade, Department of the Economy
Presentation: UNEP
Attended by:
Eugenio Carrion Rodriguez
CEO of Government Relations, ANTAD
Manuel Gomez Peña
Sustainability Director for Mexico and Central America.
Wal-mart de México.
Arturo Mendicuti Narro
President of the Mexico City Chamber of Commerce and Vice-president
of the Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce.
5
AGENDA
CONSUMPTION
1:05 to
1:45
THEME PANEL 4 Consumption
The demand for sustainable products is increasing every day, however, most people do
not have enough information to decide what to buy based on sustainability criteria. There
is also insufficient information regarding convenience, availability and accessibility to
enable consumers to choose between one product and another.
The current view is that sustainable consumption should be determined by the supply of
sustainable products, not by the change in consumption patterns, which brings about a
change in the life style of the various sectors of the community.
How can the community be encouraged to change its way of life, and does it understand
that its consumption is a major cause of current environmental problems? Will changes in
consumption patterns and lifestyles provide a solution to greater equality and reducing
poverty? How can understandable information be provided to make people aware of the
environmental problems caused by their consumption?
Chairman: Ricardo Navarro Benitez.
Vice-president of Political and Legislative Liaison of the Mexico City
Chamber of Commerce, and President of the Legislative Liaison Commission
of the Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce.
Presentation: UNEP
Attended by:
Victor Manuel Chora Cardenas
Development Director of DICONSA
Ernesto Bächtold Garcia
Consejo Nacional de Industriales Ecologistas AC. (CONIECO) (the National
Industrial Ecologists Council);
Alejandro Calvillo Luna
Director, El Poder del Consumidor (Consumer Power)
Dr. Graizbord Ed Boris.
Coordinator of the Lead Program, El Colegio de México.
6
AGENDA
CONSUMPTION
1:45 to
2.00
2:00 to
3:30
3:30 to
5:30
Break
LUNCH
Parallel Tables
PARALLEL TABLES
The parallel tables will identify priorities and the opportunities and tasks needed to implement them, and discuss
their relationship with the Green Economy and Climate Change.
A brief presentation of the subject will be given at each table and the chairman will conduct a discussion on the
straight forward priorities, tasks and opportunities that are in line with current policy, instruments and activities,
and that create win-win benefits in the short term.
Each table will have a suitable mixture of representatives from the sectors that attend the Roundtable.
The subjects to be discussed at each parallel table are:
Table 1. Production
Table 2. Commerce
Table 3. Consumption
7
AGENDA
1st NATIONAL ROUNDTABLE ON SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
NOVEMBER 19, 2010
10:00 to 11:30
Presentation of Results of the Parallel Tables
10:00 to 10:20 Table 1. Production.
10:20 to 10:40 Table 2. Commerce.
10:40 to 11:00 Table 3. Consumption.
11:00 to 11:30 Q & A Session
11:30 to 11:50
Break
11:50 to 12:50
PUBLIC POLICY PANEL
Promotion, SEMARNAT
Antonio Morales de la Peña, Federal Consumer Protection Agency.
Elizabeth Oswelia Yañez Robles, Under Secretary, Attention to the Public and
Regulation, Department of the Civil Service
Chairman: Dr. Irma Adriana Gómez. EGADE Business School. ITESM
12:50 a 1:20
Q & A Session
1:20 a 1:30
Closure of event
1:30 to 3:00
Cocktail
8
Annex 2
9
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
NAME
ORGANIZATION
E-MAIL
1
DR. BORIS GRAIZBORD
COLEGIO DE MÉXICO
[email protected]
2
DRA. SUSANA CHACÓN
INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE MONTERREY
[email protected]
3
[email protected]
4
DRA. IRMA ADRIANA GÓMEZ
CAVAZOS
LOURDES MELGAR
5
ING. ERNESTO BÄCHTOLD
QS MEXIKO AG
[email protected]
6
EUGENIO CARRIÓN RODRIGUEZ
ANTAD AC
[email protected]
7
LIC. RICARDO NAVARRO BENÍTEZ
CAMARA NACIONAL DE COMERCIO, CD. MÉXICO
[email protected]
8
ARTURO MENDICUTI NARRO
CANACO
9
ING. VLADIMIRO DE LA MORA
GE INTERNATIONAL MÉXICO
[email protected]
;arturomendicutinarro@camaradecomerc
iodemexico.com.mx
[email protected]
10
ING. ALEJANDRO SOSA REYES
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGMENT INITIATIVE
[email protected]
11
LIC. MANUEL GÓMEZ PEÑA
WALMART DE MÉXICO Y CENTROAMÉRICA
12
VÍCTOR CHORA
DICONSA
[email protected];
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
13
PROFECO
[email protected]
SECRETARÍA DE ECONOMÍA
[email protected]
SECRETARÍA DE LA FUNCIÓN PÚBLICA
[email protected]
16
LIC. ANTONIO MORALES DE LA
PEÑA
EDUARDO JAVIER RAMOS
ÁVALOS
LIC. ELIZABETH OSWELIA YÁÑEZ
ROBLES
ANNA JONSSON
DELEGACIÓN DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA EN MÉXICO
[email protected]
17
DR. KAI BETHKE
ONUDI
[email protected]
18
ARAB HOBALLAH
[email protected]
19
ELISA TONDA
20
LIC. ALEJANDRO CALVILLO UNNA
PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL
MEDIO AMBIENTE
PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL
MEDIO AMBIENTE
EL PODER DEL CONSUMIDOR
21
RODRIGO GALLEGOS TOUSSAINT
INSTITUTO MEXICANO PARA LA COMPETITIVIDAD
[email protected]
22
ING. SANDRA DENISSE HERRERA
FLORES
ING. LUIS HÉCTOR BAROJAS
WEBER
LIC. FEDERICO ARCE NAVARRO
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
DRA. MARÍA ISABEL STUDER
NOGUEZ
SOFÍA ISABEL VIGURI GÓMEZ
CENTRO DE DIÁLOGO Y ANÁLISIS SOBRE AMÉRICA
DEL NORTE EN LA ESCUELA DE NEGOCIOS, ITESM
CENTRO DE DIÁLOGO Y ANÁLISIS SOBRE AMÉRICA
DEL NORTE EN LA ESCUELA DE NEGOCIOS, ITESM
CENTRO MEXICANO PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN MÁS
LIMPIA, IPN
LIMPIA, IPN
LIMPIA, IPN
INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE DESARROLLO
SUSTENTABLE Y EQUIDAD SOCIAL, UNIVERSIDAD
IBEROAMERICANA, A. C.
INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE DESARROLLO
SUSTENTABLE Y EQUIDAD SOCIAL, UNIVERSIDAD
IBEROAMERICANA, A. C.
[email protected]
14
15
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
DR. MANUEL HERNÁNDEZ
CORTÁZAR
DRA. LUISA MANZANARES
PAPAYANOPOULOS
DR. JORGE PÉREZ
30
MTRO. MAURICIO DE MARIA Y
CAMPOS
31
MTRO. HUMBERTO GARCÍA
JIMÉNEZ
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected];
[email protected]
1
32
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETRÓLEO
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
35
M. C. JORGE RAÚL GASCA
RAMÍREZ
DR. FRANCISCO GUZMÁN LÓPEZ
FIGUEROA
ING. MARÍA ESTHER PALMERÍN
RUÍZ
OCTAVIO ANDRÉS PRIETO
ITESM
[email protected]
36
KARLA ALONSO GRANJA
UNAM
[email protected]
37
ANA GISELA BERISTAIN AGUIRRE
UNAM
[email protected]
38
UNAM
[email protected]
39
MIRIAM FANNY ARIADNA
CASTRO VÁZQUEZ
VERENICE FLORES LÓPEZ
UNAM
[email protected]
40
VALÉRIE GOBEIL
UNAM
[email protected]
41
IVETH MONTOYA EQUIHUA
UNAM
[email protected]
42
UNAM
[email protected]
UNIVERSIDAD ANAHUAC
[email protected]
44
MARÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES REYES
MARTÍNEZ
MTRA. MARGARITA CASTRO
GONZALEZ
RAMÓN GÓMEZ CASTILLO
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA CHAPINGO
[email protected]
45
LIC. NAHÍM CERVANTES LÓPEZ
UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA - PUEBLA
46
M.en I. OLIVIA RUTH ORTEGA
MÁRQUEZ
BIOL. DULCE MARÍA RAMOS
UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA, A. C.
[email protected];
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA, A. C.
[email protected]
ING. MIGUEL ANGEL
VALENZUELA P
DRA. NYDIA SUPPEN REYNAGA
BIOMA
[email protected]
CENTRO DE ANÁLISIS DE CICLO DE VIDA Y DISEÑO
SUSTENTABLE SA DE CV
CORPORATIVO AMBIENTAL, S. C.
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
MCKINSEY & COMPANY
[email protected]
33
34
43
47
48
49
50
51
LIC. FERNANDO ORTIZ
MONASTERIO
PABLO ORDORICA LEÑERO
52
LUCERO VALENCIA BLANCAS
ORTUÑO BURGOA ASOCIADOS
53
ING. RICARDO RICARDEZ SOLIS
PRODE SA DE CV.
54
MARTHA LUCÍA FUSCO GARZA
WALIV CORPORATION
[email protected] ;
[email protected]
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
55
WALIV CORPORATION
[email protected]
56
LIC. VICTOR LICHTINGER
WAISMAN
ING. EDUARDO DE LA TIJERA
57
MÓNICA LEÑERO
ANTAD AC
[email protected]
58
LUCÍA GUTIÉRREZ
ANTAD AC
[email protected]
59
APREPET, A. C.
[email protected]
60
ING. SANTIAGO GARCÍA
GONZÁLEZ
ING. JORGE MARTÍNEZ MONTES
[email protected]
61
NEMESIO RUIZ
62
ING. MARIANA ALBARRÁN
63
ING. RUBÉN MUÑOZ GARCÍA
64
65
LIC. ARMANDO RUIZ GALINDO
URQUIDI
LIC. PEDRO SILVA RODRÍGUEZ
66
ERNESTO ZAMORA SÁNCHEZ
ASOCIACIÓN MEXICANA DE ENVASE Y EMBALAJE, A.
C.
ASOCIACIÓN MEXICANA DE LA INDUSTRIA
AUTOMOTRIZ
ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE LA INDUSTRIA QUÍMICA,
A. C.
ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE LA INDUSTRIA QUÍMICA,
A. C.
CAMARA NACIONAL DE COMERCIO, CIUDAD DE
MÉXICO
CÁMARA NACIONAL DE LAS INDUSTRIAS DE LA
CELULOSA Y DEL PAPEL
CÁMARA NACIONAL DE LAS INDUSTRIAS DE LA
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
2
CELULOSA Y DEL PAPEL
67
MÓNICA L. BARRERA VARA
CANACERO
68
ING. JORGE LÓPEZ MORA
CANACINTRA
69
LIC. ARTURO COBIÁN LOPEZ
CANAFEM
70
CECILIA RUÍZ GÓMEZ
CANAFEM
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
71
ING. NANCY I. FLORES TOVAR
CANIPEC
[email protected]
72
ING. RODRIGO ORIA Y ANAYA
CANIPEC
[email protected]
73
CANIPEC
[email protected]
74
ING. GABRIELA RODRÍGUEZ
HERRERA
BRENDA IVONNE REYES PUEBLA
CASA DE CAMBIO TIBER
75
CÉSAR TELLO RANGEL
CASA DE CAMBIO TIBER
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
76
LÓPEZ MARTÍN
CESPEDES
[email protected]
77
CESPEDES
[email protected]
78
ING. ALEJANDRO LOREA
HERNÁNDEZ
DANIEL SOSA
CESPEDES
[email protected]
79
JAIME WILLIAMS QUINTERO
CONCAMIN
[email protected]
80
ING. MARIA DE LOURDES ADUNA
BARBA
ING. ALEXANDRA AYALA
COPARMEX
[email protected]
DUPONT, S.A. DE C.V.
[email protected]
GE INTERNATIONAL MÉXICO
GRUPO MODELO, S. A. B. DE C. V.
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
84
LIC. GABRIELA HERNÁNDEZ
CARDOSO
ING. FERNANDO AGUIRRE
GARCÍA
KATRIN KLINGENBERG
GTZ
[email protected]
85
ING. SERGIO ESCALERA
TETRAPAK
[email protected]
86
WALMART DE MÉXICO Y CENTROAMÉRICA
[email protected]
87
JUAN CARLOS CAMARGO
FERNÁNDEZ
SERGIO NEGRETE HERRERA
ASERCA
88
EFRAIN NIEMBRO DOMINGUEZ
ASERCA
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
89
LIC. SANDRA PIÑA SALINAS
CIBIOGEM
[email protected]
90
JOSÉ SUÁREZ ACOSTA
CONAFOR
[email protected]
91
ÓSCAR JOSÉ ZÁRATE ARENAS
CONAFOR
[email protected]
92
SERGIO LOZANO TORRES
CONAGUA
[email protected]
93
ING. BLANCA GÓMEZ
CONUEE
[email protected]
94
ING. AIDANA VELÁZQUEZ
CONUEE
[email protected]
95
MANUEL FUENTES
DICONSA
[email protected]
96
ING. AGUSTÍN ADAME
PROFECO
[email protected]
97
PROFECO
[email protected]
PROFECO
[email protected]
PROFECO
[email protected]
100
BIOL. AÍDA DE LOURDES
ALBUERNE PIÑA
MARÍA CONCEPCIÓN GUZMÁN
RAMOS
MIROSLAVA TURRUBIARTE
THOMAS
SERGIO PÉREZ ALONSO
[email protected]
101
JAVIER VERDE NEGRETE
[email protected]
102
NOEMÍ GARCÍA GARCÍA
SECRETARÍA DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA
103
BIOL. CÉSAR MINOR JUÁREZ
SECRETARÍA DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
81
82
83
98
99
[email protected]
3
104
CÉSAR CONTRERAS GUZMÁN
SECRETARÍA DE ENERGÍA
[email protected]
105
ALEJANDRO BONILLA
[email protected]
106
JAVIER NAVARRO BRIONES
[email protected]
107
LUIS ENRIQUE PEREDA TREJO
[email protected]
108
DANIELA RIVAS CUEVAS
SECRETARÍA DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES
[email protected]; [email protected]
109
SENASICA
[email protected]
SENASICA
[email protected]
111
M. C. AURORA JOSEFINA LOBATO
GARCÍA
JOSÉ ALFREDO SANTIAGO
SANTIAGO
CÉSAR FLORES
SERNA
[email protected]
112
LUIS MEJÍA
SERNA
[email protected]
113
LIC. ANA SILVIA ARROCHA
SENADO DE LA REPÚBLICA
[email protected]
114
DR. HECTOR GARCÍA CHAGOYAN
[email protected]
115
ANNABEL BOISSONADE
COMISIÓN PARA LA COOPERACIÓN AMBIENTAL DE
AMÉRICA DEL NORTE
116
VÍCTOR LAGOS
117
ANTONIETA CASTRO COSÍO
EMBAJADA BRITÁNICA
118
JESSICA ROMÁN
EMBAJADA BRITÁNICA
[email protected];
[email protected]
[email protected]
119
ONUDI
[email protected]
120
DR. GUILLERMO JIMÉNEZ
BLASCO
BRUNO ANTUNES
SEDE SUBREGIONAL DE LA CEPAL EN MÉXICO
[email protected]
121
CLAUDIA SCHATAN
SEDE SUBREGIONAL DE LA CEPAL EN MÉXICO
[email protected]
122
MARIE-ANNE CONNINSX
123
C3 CONSUMIDORES RESPONSABLES, A. C.
[email protected]
COLECTIVO ECOLOGISTA JALISCO, A. C.
[email protected]; [email protected]
125
MARÍA ANTONIETA PEREGRINA
CASTAÑEDA
M. en C. MARÍA ESTHER CORTÉS
GARCÍA LOZANO
LIC. EDUARDO ROJO BOTELLO
COMERCIO JUSTO AC
[email protected]
126
ING. CARLOS SANDOVAL OLVERA
CONIECO
[email protected]
127
TATIANA RAMOS MAZA
CONSERVACIÓN INTERNACIONAL
[email protected]
128
Paulina Moreno
NEW VENTURES MÉXICO
[email protected]
129
ARTURO DAVILA VILLARREAL
SUSTENTA
[email protected]
130
COMISION NACIONAL DE AREAS NATURALES
PROTEGIDAS
CONABIO
[email protected]
CONAFOR
[email protected]
133
MTRA. KARLA MAGDALENA
PINAL MORA
EDUARDO QUINTANAR
GUADARRAMA
ING. JOSÉ ANTONIO CERVANTES
GURROLA
ING. MARIO LÓPEZ PÉREZ
CONAGUA
[email protected]
134
NINEL ESCOBAR
INSITUTO NACIONAL DE ECOLOGÍA
[email protected]
135
LIC. DAFNI ESTRADA
INSITUTO NACIONAL DE ECOLOGÍA
[email protected]
136
JOSÉ A. FRAIRE
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ECOLOGIA
[email protected]
137
ARQ. VÍCTOR HUGO ARROYO
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
138
SANTA CASTRO
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
139
GIOVANNI ESPINOZA
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
140
GALO GALEANA HERRERA
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
141
GLORIA E. GARCÍA FONSECA
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
110
124
131
132
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
4
142
ING. IVES GÓMEZ SALAS
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
143
JORGE LESTRADE PÍREZ
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
144
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
145
LIC. SANTIAGO LORENZO
ALONSO
ESMERALDA LOYDEN SOSA
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
146
JUAN CARLOS MACHORRO
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
147
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
150
TERESITA DEL NIÑO JESÚS
MALDONADO SALAZAR
DR. JUAN CRISTOBAL MATA
SANDOVAL
LIC. ROSA ELENA MONTES DE
OCA
ANGEL PAZARÁN LOAEZA
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
151
MTRO. RAFAEL PEÑA DE LA CRUZ
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
152
LIC. SERGIO RAMOS OSORIO
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
153
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
154
ING. PAULINA A. REYES
BERLANGA
MARÍA TERESA FRANCO
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
155
EDGAR DEL VILLAR
SEMARNAT
[email protected]
148
149
5
Annex 3
6
st
1 National
Roundtable on
Sustainable
Production and
Consumption
Mexico 2010
Base Line. Document for
Discussion
7
Index
I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 3
II. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................... 5
III. THE MARRAKECH PROCESS (MP) ............................................................................................................. 6
IV. CREATING THE NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION STRATEGY ...................... 9
1.
SETTING UP AN ADVISORY GROUP ................................................................................................ 10
2.
DETERMINING SCOPING................................................................................................................. 12
3.
DESIGNING THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK. ............................................................................ 23
4.
IDENTIFYING PRIORITY AREAS. ....................................................................................................... 24
NATIONAL ROUNDTABLE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION ............................ 24
V. THEME LINES ........................................................................................................................................... 26
V.1 RELATIONSHIP WITH CLIMATE CHANGE ........................................................................................... 27
V.2 GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE ........................................................................................................... 31
V.3 FAMILY CONSUMPTION .................................................................................................................... 36
VI. LATER ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................................... 37
Bibliography................................................................................................................................................. 38
8
I. INTRODUCTION
There are now nearly 7 billion people in the world, who everyday demand a large quantity of products
and services to meet their needs.
During the last 100 years, world production and consumption patterns have been synonymous of the
degradation of the environment, the indiscriminate use of natural resources, high production of waste
and emission and a major reduction in the future availability of natural resources.
The pollution of rivers and seas, loss of forest coverage, soil degradation, the decrease in natural
productivity, the emission of waste and the loss of species and their habitat are a highlight of this.
At the same time, several other problems, such as poverty, social inequality, scarcity of food and climate
change are clear examples that these patterns have emerged, without taking into account that economic
decisions in search of development have sacrificed the environment, for the sole purpose of benefiting
productive growth and without taking into account the costs to the environment.
The lack of sustainability of these models has been the main feature of the efforts made in the search for
growth in both developed and developing countries. In the former, growth rates have been defined by a
use of natural resources that goes beyond the availability and capacity of ecosystems, this giving rise to a
high level of environmental deterioration around the world. Developing countries have created this loss
by extracting resources for their own use, and those required by developed countries in order to meet
their needs, giving rise to another series of problems that affects society directly.
Therefore, it is clear that society needs to adopt new forms of production and consumption that link
economic development to respect for and protection of the environment, and equality between
societies, in other words, patterns that are addressed to sustainability.
Sustainable production and consumption should be developed on an overall basis to create plans that
reduce environmental, social and economic costs, benefiting competitiveness and reducing poverty. In
order to achieve this, it is necessary to promote new technologies that are efficient in the needs of
natural and energy resources, and of low production of waste and emissions, and the development of
sustainable infrastructure required to develop “green jobs” that reflect an increase in well being and the
quality of life.
Changes also need to be made to current consumption paradigms so that, by means of education,
culture and awareness, society may be encouraged to adopt consumption cycles that lead to a transition
towards rational use of products and services and reusing or valuing waste.
Therefore, it is important to consider that Sustainable Production and Consumption should be seen as a
single commitment for which various sectors and stakeholders should take responsibility, so that, by
investment and consensus, the social and environmental effects of goods and products are reduced
throughout their entire lifecycle.
3
Current environmental policy recognizes that in addition to knowledge, society also needs to change its
current ways of living and take advantage of nature so as to move towards a true cultural evolution
comprising the sustainable use of resources.
Therefore current production and consumer patterns should be reviewed and execute the required
actions to modify these patterns, in a way that the development and growth of this country go in line
with the definition of Sustainable Production and Consumption:
“The use of services and products that meet basic needs, improve the quality of life and, at the same
time, reduce the use of natural resources and toxic material, and the emission of waste and polluting
substances throughout the lifecycle of the service or product, without placing at risk the needs of future
generations”.)1
Mexico has decided to join this international effort by introducing a National Sustainable Production and
Consumption Strategy, so as to bring together the current initiatives in Mexico and focus on those
sectors or areas established as priorities and thereby, determine the targets and goals to be in a position
to select suitable policies and initiatives to promote production and consumption patterns that lead to
sustainability, thereby favoring the development of a Green Economy and conserving the environment,
namely, reducing greenhouse emissions that are the main cause of the climate change.
The Under Ministry of Environmental Regulation and Promotion of the Ministry of Environment and
Natural Resources through its General Direction of Industry, has been given the task of creating a
Strategy as part of the international commitment agreed under the Marrakech Process, derived from the
World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg.
This National Roundtable on Sustainable Production and Consumption is carried out as part of the
Working Plan related to the development of the Strategy and in order to count in with the experience of
different stakeholders in the process of defining the priority areas for our country.
1
Symposium of Oslo 1994
4
II. BACKGROUND
The theme of Sustainable Production and Consumption first appeared on the international agenda
around 20 years ago; it was in 1992, during the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where this theme was identified as a need to combine the
challenges facing the environment and development.
Agenda 21 was agreed at the conference, which states that “the main causes of the continuous
deterioration of the environment around the world are the unsustainable patterns of consumption and
production, in particular in industrialized countries, being this a cause for great concern and that has
originated an increase of poverty and imbalances”.
During the Symposium on Consumption Patterns held in Oslo, various areas of consumption were
analyzed, which gave rise to a more widely known definition of “Sustainable Production and
Consumption” and the responsibility of the various stakeholders involved.
At the beginning of this century, at the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in
Johannesburg in 2002, it was acknowledged that the eradication of poverty, changes on production and
consumption patterns and the protection and making the good use of natural resources as the basis for
economic and social development, are fundamental objectives and essential requirements for achieving
a sustainable development.
Chapter 3 of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, drafted at the Summit, underlines the need to
change unsustainable production and consumption patterns, also stating that “in order to achieve
sustainable development around the world, fundamental changes must be made to the manner in which
society produces and consumes. All countries must promote sustainable consumption and production
patterns.” (2)
In order to achieve these objectives, the need to encourage and promote the development of a 10-Year
Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (10YFP) to speed up the change
towards sustainable production and consumption, by promoting social and economic development
within the supply capacity of ecosystems, without economic growth being linked to environmental
degradation was defined.
The Marrakech Process was established in 2003 in order to support Chapter 3 of the Johannesburg Plan
of Implementation, specifically the development of the 10-Year Framework of Programmes and the
introduction of projects and strategies geared to sustainable consumption and production.
5
III. THE MARRAKECH PROCESS (MP)
The Marrakech Process is a multi-stakeholder process that supports implementation of sustainable
production and consumption and the drafting of a Framework of Programmes on the subject.
This process is leaded by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations
Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations (UNDESA), with the participation of
governments, business and industry, civil organizations, academic groups and other sectors of society.
In order to achieve its targets, the MP was developed with the following purposes:
a) To organize regional conferences to promote awareness and identify priorities and needs on
regard to Sustainable Production and Development.
b) To help to introduce regional programs and means of implementation with regional, subregional and national ownership, to be approved by the relevant regional authorities.
c) To implement specific projects and programs at regional, national and local level, in order to
develop and/or improve sustainable production and consumption tools and methods, with the
seven Task Forces as the main means of implementation.
d) To assess progress, exchange information and encourage international collaboration and
coordination by holding international review meetings.
e) To ensure and incorporate contributions from interested parties regarding the drafting of a 10year program framework to be presented at the 18th and 19th meetings of the Commission on
Sustainable Development (CSD 18/19).
The following Task Forces were set up, headed by representatives of governments and with the
assistance of various players, to implement the objectives the Marrakech Process, concentrated in
specific areas concerning Sustainable Production and Consumption, and in order to agree a number of
regional and national activities to promote the transition towards sustainable production and
consumption patterns:
Collaboration with Africa (leaded by Germany)
Sustainable Products (leaded by the United Kingdom)
Sustainable Lifestyles (leaded by Sweden)
Sustainable Public Procurement (leaded by Switzerland)
Sustainable Tourism (leaded by France)
Sustainable Building and Construction (leaded by Finland)
Education for sustainable consumption (leaded by Italy)
6
The objectives of these working groups are as follows2:
Sustainable Products.
Making people aware that policies aimed at the product may be a means of achieving
international environmental and development objectives and, at the same time, seeking
common priorities and opportunities to promote innovation in the eco-design of products, and
establishing processes that improve the use and performance of products.
Sustainable Lifestyles.
Promoting lifestyles in which people live in harmony with the environment in an ambiance of
community living.
Sustainable Public Procurement.
Promoting and supporting the implementation of Sustainable Public Procurement programs, as a
means to foster the development of sustainable products and services.
Sustainable Tourism.
Promote tourism that optimizes the use of natural resources, helping to conserve the
environment and biodiversity, respecting social-cultural authenticity of communities, retaining
their values and traditions, ensuring social-economic benefits in the long term for all players
involved, and local development.
Sustainable Construction and Buildings.
Promote the efficient use of energy, energy saving and the use of renewable energies in building
by introducing public policy legislation.
Education for Sustainable Consumption.
Incorporate the issues of sustainable production and consumption into study plans and in formal
and informal educational and information processes.
As far as Latin America and the Caribbean is concerned, five meetings have been made to identify and
propose efficient and efficacious means to put into practice policies, strategies and programs that
promote the adoption of sustainable production and consumer patterns. Targets and obstacles in these
areas are assessed and sources of international funding and means of intra-regional cooperation are
identified.
These regional enquiries were held in Buenos Aires (2003), Managua (2003 and 2005), Sao Paulo (2007)
and Colombia (2009).
As a result of these meetings, the need was established to set up international roundtables of dialogue
at which all sectors of society would take part in order to establish national policy and strategies
concerning the subject, according to the development conditions of each country.
2
The Marrakech Process: Task Forces. http://esa.un.org/marrakechprocess/taskforcss.shtml
7
During the 1st National Roundtable on Sustainable Production and Consumption, those Marrakech
Process Task Forces that could be relevant to promote the transition towards sustainable production and
consumption patterns in Mexico will be analyzed, according to our national development conditions.
During the initial analysis, there is no doubt that those activities that bring together development and
social equality, reduction in poverty, supply of products and the involvement of the community,
technological innovation, competitive production processes, changes of lifestyles by mean of education
and intelligent consumption, equality in consumer relations, protecting the rights of the consumer, and
supporting the government in introducing and making changes to community production and
consumption patterns, through policies related to government purchasing and procurement, will be
sought.
Activities may also be identified in sectors such as tourism and building, to promote the efficient use of
energy, the better handling of soil and making the services related thereto more efficient.
8
IV. CREATING THE NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND
CONSUMPTION STRATEGY
As many countries, including Mexico, have introduced policies to promote efficient production and
consumption, by means of isolated actions or contradictory policies, and with restricted scope, during
the regional meetings held on Sustainable Production and Consumption as part of the Marrakech
Process, development of National Strategies as a form of creating optimal situations of mutual benefit
(win-win) by encouraging dialogue between stakeholders and incorporating coherent policies, were
identified.
The United Nations Environment Programme gave rise to the “Planning for Change” guidelines3, in order
to lay down specific guidelines as to how government and other interested sectors may develop National
Sustainable Production and Consumption Programs or Strategies, which bring together development
activities and identify priority actions or areas linked to sustainable production and consumption.
The various stages of these guidelines comprise the following tasks:
THE SCP PROGRAMME
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
PLANNING
1. Establish advisory group
2. Conduct scoping review
3. Set institutional framework
7. Official Approval of Program
8. Implement Program
10. Sustain and improve
3
MONITORING
9. Document monitor & evaluate
IMPLEMENTATION
6. Selecting policy and initiatives
DEVELOPMENT
5. Define objectives and set targets
Integrate with other
Communicate and Consult
4. Select priority areas
PLANNING FOR CHANGE. Guidelines for national programs on sustainable production and consumption. UNEP 2008
9
1. SETTING UP AN ADVISORY GROUP. To set up an advisory committee made up of a
number of interested stakeholders, so as to manage the process.
The General Direction of Industry was given the task of inviting related Governmental Organizations
and other interested sectors of the community, such as community groups, business organizations
and academia to constitute an advisory group. This task consisted of identifying possible interested
parties, according to their attributes, social purpose or orientation, to whom the project was
submitted to establish a National Sustainable Production and Consumption Strategy. Based on these
presentations, the following Advisory Group was set up:
Sector
Institution
Secretaría de Economía
PROFECO
Government
Secretaría de Energía
Business
Sector
CONUEE
Secretaría de la Función
Pública
Representative
Lic. Víctor Mauricio García Velasco
Director de Vinculación Sectorial
Biol. Aída de Lourdes Albuerne Piña
Directora General del Laboratorio
Nacional de Protección al
Consumidor
Francisco Leonardo Beltrán
Rodríguez
Director General de Información Y
Estudios Energéticos
Lic. Marco Antonio Nieto Vázquez
Director Adjunto Encargado de
Políticas y Programas
Dr. Javier Dávila Perez
Titular de la Unidad de Política de
Contrataciones Públicas
Email
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Secretaría de
Agricultura, Ganadería,
Desarrollo Rural, Pesca
y Alimentación
Lic. José Guadalupe Sáenz Solís
Coordinador General de
Comercialización de ASERCA
[email protected]
Secretaría de Educación
Pública
Lic. Noemí García García
Directora General Adjunta para la
Articulación Curricular de la
Educación Básica
[email protected]
Institution
Confederación de
Cámaras Industriales
(CONCAMIN)
Confederación Patronal
de la República
Mexicana (COPARMEX)
Representative
Lic. Cuauhtémoc Martínez García
Presidente de la Comisión de Agua y
Ecología
Ing. Maria de Lourdes Aduna Barba
Presidenta de la Comisión de
Sustentabilidad Ambiental
email
[email protected]
[email protected]
10
Consejo Coordinador
Empresarial (CCE)
Cámara Nacional de
Comercio, Servicios y
Turismo de la Ciudad de
México (CANACO)
Iniciativa GEMI
Sector
Institution
Academic
Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México
Instituto Politécnico
Nacional
Colegio de México
Universidad
Iberoamericana
Instituto Tecnológico de
Estudios Superiores de
Monterrey
Community
Sector
Institution
Colectivo Ecologista
Jalisco AC
Prodesarrollo AC
Comercio Justo
Fundación Mexicana
para la Educación
Ambiental AC (FUNDEA)
Instituto Mexicano para
la Competitividad AC
Ing. Alejandro Lorea Hernández
Director Ejecutivo CESPEDES
[email protected]
Lic. Ricardo Navarro Benítez
Vicepresidente de Enlace Político y
Legislativo de la CANACO
[email protected]
Ing. Alejandro Sosa Reyes
Director General
[email protected]
Representative
Mtro. Eduardo Vega López
Secretario General de la Facultad de
Economía
Dr. Jorge Pérez
Director del Centro de Producción +
Limpia
Dr. Graizbord Ed Boris
Coordinador del Programa LEAD
Mtro. Mauricio de Maria y Campos
Instituto de Investigación sobre
Desarrollo Sustentable y Equidad
Social
Dra. Irma Adriana Gómez Cavazos
EGADE Business School
Representative
M. en C. Maité Cortés García Lozano
Director General
Lic. Francisco de Hoyos Parra
Director General
Lic. Eduardo Rojo Botello
Director General
email
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
email
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
m.mx
Lic. Rodolfo Ogarrio Ramirez España
Presidente Ejecutivo
[email protected]
Dr. Roberto Newell García
Director General
[email protected]
11
2. DETERMINING SCOPING. A formal review of the main related problems, needs and
challenges, including sustainable production and consumption in the local context, cataloguing
current policies and activities and studying their linkage:
PLANNING FOR CHANGE
STEP# 2. DETERMINING SCOPING
(FORMAL REVIEW OF THE MAIN NEEDS, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES WITH REGARD TO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION)
PURPOSES OF REVIEW:
UNDERSTANDING SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
AND CONSUMPTION IN THE LOCAL
CONTEXT
1. Assessing the ecological, economic and
social
impact
of
production
and
consumption patterns, possibly related to
key sectors (e.g. Water, energy, waste)
6. REVIEW OF GOOD PRACTICE IN:
• Developing the program.
• Political response.
8. REVIEW OF:
2.
Benefits of sustainable production and
consumption in the local context.
3A. CATALOGUING CURRENT SUSTAINABLE
PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION POLICY
AND TASKS
• Sustainable production and consumption
policy and tasks reasonably completed or
currently being undertaken.
4. REVIEW OF
COMPATIBLITY
AND REPETITION
OF POLICY AND
INSTRUMENTS
7. IDENTIFYING AND
DISCUSSING PRIORITY
AREAS AND POLITICAL
RESPONSE
• Included in current national policy and
strategies, although without specifically
referring to sustainable production and
consumption.
3B. POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP WITH
CURRENT STRATEGIES
• Conditions to
facilitate the
implementation of
production adn
consumption locally
• Possible obstacles
to overcome in
developing the
program and during
the implementation
processes.
5. PLAYERS INVOLVED IN THE
PROCESS
• National Development Plan
4
4
Drafted by the General Direction of Industry, based on the Planning for Change guidelines
12
2.1 Assessing the impact of current consumption and production patterns.
In Mexico, sustainable consumption in itself is realized on natural resources directly in goods that have
already been processed. The former may be understood as the efficient use of natural resources, so that
they are not damaged irreversibly and so that they may be regenerated, and the latter may be
understood as the use of goods and services the manufacture of which requires less resources and has a
reduced environmental impact.
Sustainable production may be understood as production directed to improve both products and their
manufacture and supply processes, in order to reduce the use of resources, use of hazardous material
and the generation of waste and polluting substances.
Based on these definitions and on official reports, it should be recognized that to date consumer and
production patterns have been unsustainable, proof of which follows5:
Mexico’s ecological footprint in 2005 was 3.4 hectares per person, which exceeded the country’s
bio-capacity, calculated at 1.7 hectares per person. The ecological footprint in Mexico has
increased mainly due to the effect of emissions from fossil fuels.
A little over 175 thousand hectares of forest, around 7 thousand hectares of temperate forest,
136 thousand hectares of xerophilous mangrove and a little over 84 thousand hectares of natural
pastureland were lost between 2002 and 2007.
In 2002, 44.9% of national territory showed some signs of degradation, being chemical
degradation and hydric erosion the main degradation processes. The main causes of this
degradation are due to the change of soil use associated to agricultural activity and
deforestation.
The change of soil use, demographic growth, the building of infrastructure, the introduction of
invasive species, overexploitation of resources and, more recently, the global climate change, are
the main threats resulted from the loss of biodiversity.
The National Emission Inventory of Mexico was published in 2006. According to this inventory,
40.5 million tons of polluting substances have been emitted, 58% from natural sources and 42%
from anthropogenic sources. The major sources of pollution were motor vehicles and other uses
of fuel.
The number of overexploited water bodies has also increased in recent decades: 15% of the
country’s water bodies.
The generation of waste water in urban centers between 1998 and 2007 increased from 239 to
243 m3 per second, while industrial discharge increased from 170 to 188.7 m3 per second.
The estimated volume of urban solid waste in the country increased by 28% between 1997 and
2008, from 29.3 to 37.6 million tons. The daily production of waste per person during the same
period increased from 840 to 940 gr.
5
Source: 2006-2012 National Development Plan.
13
The volume of hazardous waste produced in Mexico was around 1 million 127 thousand tons
between 2004 and 2009. The large part of hazardous waste produced comprised solid waste
(asbestos, industrial waste and heavy metals) and used oils.
2.2 Benefits of Sustainable Production and Consumption in the local context.
Sustainable production and consumption may lead to the following benefits:
Reduce poverty by incorporating the poorest sectors of the community into the economic
activity.
Help to reduce the ecological footprint by decreasing emissions from the burning of fossil fuels,
and other similar activities.
Reduction on changes of soil use and soil degradation.
Hold the affectation in natural ecosystems, which will help to reduce impacts on wildlife.
Reduce polluting emission produced by the transport of persons and goods.
There would be a reduction in pressure on water bodies, thereby maintaining the hydrological
cycle and the environmental services that they offer.
Reduce the production of waste water, by increasing the volume of treated water and reusing
treated water for the same processes that produced them.
Reduce the production of urban and hazardous solid waste, as well as the pressure on collection,
transfer, treatment and final disposal services.
2.3A. General perspective of Sustainable Production and Consumption policies and
activities.
As from the second half of 1999, national development should be comprehensive and sustainable, as
established in Article 25 of the Mexican Constitution. This establishes that all policies, strategies and
actions for which the federal, state or local public administration are responsible, must be addressed to
sustainability.
Notwithstanding, nowadays, there are only a few policies and actions whose express objective is
sustainable production and consumption. As an example, there is the Responsible Use of Office Material
Program of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT, acronym in Spanish).
Despite this, the Public Administration has introduced a large number of programs, projects and actions
related with Sustainable Production and Consumption.
14
Following are some examples:
Forestry Development Program (PRODEFOR, acronym in Spanish) for sustainable forestry
use, the transformation and/or sale of raw material and forestry products, made from wood
and not wood materials.
Temporary Employment Program of the National Surfaces National Commission, in order to
maintain and promote the sustainable handling of natural resources and to cover needs
during times of low income.
The Refund of Rights Program (PRODDER, acronym in Spanish). The purpose of this program,
introduced by the National Water Commission, is to improve the efficiency and
infrastructure of water, sewage and waste water treatment.
Program to encourage the Competitiveness of Industrial Sectors (PROIND, acronym in
Spanish), set up by the Ministry of Economy, whose general purpose is to increase
competitiveness and to reduce the impact on the productive performance of the industries
affected by the financial economic crises.
The High-technology Industry Development Program (PRODIAT, acronym in Spanish), set up
by the Ministry of Economy.
The Household Appliance Energy Saving Replacement Program.
The Sustainable Use of Natural Resources for Primary Production Program, set up by the
Ministry of Agriculture, Farming, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA, acronym
in Spanish).
2.3B. Framework of National Policies with possible connections and/or integration with
sustainable production and consumption.
As stated in the previous section, most policies, programs and actions taken or introduced by the
government implicate sustainable production and consumption, mainly because they are all directed to
promote the development of sustainable productive activity, dealing with poverty, the fair distribution of
public wealth, conservation of natural resources and protecting the environment.
This circumstance derives from all such programs being subject to the Mexican Constitution, an issue
that becomes even more obvious if we take a look at the National Development Plan, the main
instrument in the road to define national strategies and priorities.
Next there are some of the strategies and actions established in the National Development Plan related
to or associated with sustainable production and consumption.
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
15
SECTION 2. Competitive Economy and Creating Jobs
PURPOSE
STRATEGY
9.9 Review the policy of agricultural production for producing bio-energetic
products. Making sustainable use of our rich biodiversity, ensuring that jungles
and forests are not affected by the production of bio-energetic products.
10.3 Achieve a balance between rural and marine production activities and
2.7 Rural Sector
protecting the environment in order to conserve water and soil. A balance must
be maintained between production activity and protecting the environment, so
as to continue providing environmental goods and services on an ongoing and
sustainable basis. The incentives (legal and economic) introduced by the
government must be aligned to conservation of water and soil.
12.4 Update and reinforce the legal framework of the tourism sector. Together
with the Legislative Power, communities and companies of the sector, updating
2.8 Tourism
the legal framework for sustainable development of the sector, and introducing
legislation to guarantee the rendering of competitive tourism services.
2.10
14.7 Extend the coverage of all types of transport, modernizing infrastructure
Telecommunications and provide reliable and quality services for the entire community.
and Transport
15.11 Extend the electricity supply to remote communities using renewable
sources of energy when it is not technically or economically feasible to connect
these communities to the network.
15.13 Encourage the efficient use of energy so that the country may develop in a
sustainable manner, by introducing technology that offers increased energy
efficiency and savings for consumers.
2.11 Energy,
15.14 Encourage the use of renewable sources of energy and bio-fuels,
Electricity and
establishing a legal framework that lays down the authority of the State to
Hydrocarbons
orientate their sources and encourage investment so as to boot the country’s
potential in this area.
15.15 Intensify energy savings programs, including the use of co-generation
capacities.
15.16 Take advantage of research activities carried out by the energy sector,
reinforce the sector’s research institutes, and orientate their programs towards
the development of renewal sources of energy and energy efficiency.
16.1 Introduce economic incentives and means to promote the conservation of
rivers, lakes, wetlands, basins, water bodies and coastlines to improve the
2.12 Hydraulic
efficiency of the operation and handling of the country’s dams and agricultural
Sector
areas; treating waste water produced and encouraging its reuse, and exchanging
first-use water for treated waste water; designing mixed financing schemes so as
to make better use of the scarce public resources available.
17.5 Design and develop legal and institutional instruments to encourage housing
2.13 Housing
in harmony with rational and sustainable urban growth.
Section 3. Equal Opportunities
PURPOSE
STRATEGY
16
3.1 Closing the
Poverty Gap
3.3 Education
Transformation
1.3 Ensure that poorer members of the Mexican community have sufficient
food and housing, and that they have access to basic services, education and
health services.
12.4 Encourage education on community rights and responsibilities.
Section 4. Environmental Sustainability
PURPOSE
STRATEGY
1.2 Create a water culture so as to ensure the saving and rational use of water
4.1 Water
in the home, industry and in the agricultural sector.
5.1 Introduce cleaner and environmentally-friendly technology into the
4.3 Biodiversity
country’s production sectors.
6.2 Encourage the private sector to incorporate eco-efficiency practices into its
manufacturing activities and to develop an environmental infrastructure.
6.4 Ensure the right application of the legal framework by the authorities, and
4.4 Environmental
guaranteeing strict compliance with environmental legislation, by carrying out
Management and
inspections, supervisory tasks and repairing damage.
Justice
8.1 Design and orchestrate means to facilitate cooperation between the three
levels of government in programs and action related to environmental
sustainability.
2.4. Assessing the compatibility of current instruments and policy.
As you have noticed, by their composition, it is evident that policies, strategies, programs and actions
reviewed complement each other.
Even so, there is some repetition, particularly regarding support given to manufacturing to make it more
sustainable, and action taken regarding poverty. Nevertheless, far from being a shortcoming, it is
considered that this is a mean of improving the taken actions as they refer to various sectors of the
public administration.
Therefore, it is indispensable to establish precisely the action to be taken, with economic estimations
and anticipate a lower or higher allocation of resources.
Sectorization and public policies not orientated towards sustainability
On the other hand, a clear barrier to achieve the objectives of sustainable development is sectorization.
Not all sectors of the public administration agree in the way sustainability should be understood and the
actions required realizing it.
An example of this is the majority of economic aid programs established. Most of them provide
assistance, even those directed to promote sustainable production. In other words, the funds provided
do not ensure that manufacturing is improved or that its practices no longer affect the environment, as
funds are provided without being complemented with assessment processes for measuring their
effective use. Inclusively, they are not preceded by appreciations that point out their sustainability.
17
Lack of mechanisms to monitor and control public policies
In addition, although la Secretaría de Hacienda as well as la Secretaría de la Función Pública in charge of
verify the fulfillment of all dispositions from the National Development Plan as well as with the programs
derived from, without the experience in all areas of public administration, their reviews are limited to
the extent that there are no penalties for failure to meet either the plan or these programs, as
established in Article 42 of the Planning Act, despite the fact that many tasks scheduled have not yet
being undertaken, or they are geared towards areas other than those established in the Plan and these
programs.
Lack of community involvement
Nowadays, the community is hardly involved in defining the country’s development policy or in assessing
compliance therewith. This is a serious shortcoming, for which both the community itself and the legal
framework that covers it are responsible.
Although there are certain legal procedures, such as complaints for taking disciplinary action against
public officials, this is no guarantee that the performance of public institutions may be improved. It
would be better if private individuals could go to court to complain of the lack of activity or poor
performance of public officials, when they do not observe the law or fail to meet scheduled
commitments, however, the law does not allow this.
As you may appreciate, the problems about the achievement of sustainability not only involve the lack of
strategies and scheduled tasks, or their incompatibility or contradiction, but in the lack of both
institutional controls and mechanisms that help to take action; in other words, that action is taken in
accordance with that agreed and scheduled.
To modifying the consumption patterns of society basically means “to persuade the community and the
ability to do it”. Changes in consumption patterns and the production of waste “by decree” cannot be
expected, as the community has certain rights and liberties in Mexico. Convincing the community and
making it aware of its individual responsibility regarding the effects that these patterns have on the
environment and natural processes will probably be the key to achieve these changes, providing that
people are able to meet their needs in line with their culture, traditions, natural surroundings, and in a
legal, economical and viable manner.
2.5. Possible interested stakeholders who should take part in the process.
Based on the previous analysis, stakeholders from the government who should participate in the process
of defining the strategies on sustainable production and consumption are:
The Ministry of Economy, specifically those areas responsible for providing incentives for the
development of production activity and consumer defense (the Consumer Protection Agency). The
objective is that they accept that it is necessary to change the incentives mechanisms of providing
18
incentives, removing its assistance condition in order to promote real sustainable production and
consumption patterns. So as to extend consumer protection with regard to their environmental rights,
counteracting against deceitful advertising and giving strength to their rights about their consumption.
The Ministry of Energy, responsible for establishing the country’s energy policy within the current
framework of the Constitution, to guarantee a competitive supply, sufficient, high quality, economically
viable and environmentally sustainable for the development of the country. The Department also has a
decentralized body, the National Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy, whose purpose is to
promote the efficient use of energy and to act as a technical advisory body with regard to the
sustainable use of energy.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Farming, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food that, instead of providing
funds to assist in production, should provide assistance for sustainable production.
The Department of Education plays a fundamental role in communicating and publicizing the values
regarding sustainability, such as the use and care of resources, decrease in emission and waste, and
more intelligent consumption, by providing a suitable educational system.
The Federal Legislative Power. A decentralized public body needs to be set up, with technical and
financial autonomy, to assess sustainability policies and to assist the legislative power in reviewing the
National Development Plan and the programs emanating from. On the other hand, legislation will have
to be introduced about the involvement of the community in the planning for the development and to
give individuals the opportunity to contest either the inactivity of government bodies or their illegal
actions, not only to make sure that public officials are penalized, but also to encourage the right attitude.
Likewise, other sectors of the community, such as academia, community groups and the
industrial/business sector should cooperate with the government by means by which opportunities may
be found and action may be taken to encourage the transition towards sustainability of current
production and consumer patterns. Academia, through research centers, will play an important part in
innovation and in the development of technology that may be used for production processes and to
design new products that meet sustainability guidelines.
Community groups should aim for a lower consumption and unlink consumption from lifestyles.
2.6. Good practices related to the development of the program and policy responses.
A review of good regional and international practices will allow to identify that most of them are being
applied in Mexico, particularly by local governments.
For example, quick transport systems have been set up in Mexico City and other cities, using fuelefficient vehicles that use dedicated lanes. Electric-powered vehicles are also used.
With regard to the handling of waste, Mexico and local governments have established the
Comprehensive Waste Management and Prevention Act that orders the introduction of various types of
waste management programs. By these programs and laws that back them, it is ordered to separate
waste in organic and inorganic waste at source, and also include programs for reducing, reusing and
19
recycling waste, although these are at an early stage.
The National Water Commission has set up programs to improve water supply and drainage
infrastructure.
It is a national priority to make tourism more sustainable. The federal government must promote
ecological tourism.
Although there is no specific movement towards the use of alternative sources of energy, one of the
national priorities includes a strategy that is now complemented with energy savings programs and
programs to replace household appliances with more than ten years old.
Although the use of eco-labels is still not properly controlled, there are systems for certifying goods and
services that are compatible with technical specifications, the purpose of which is to decrease the impact
on the environment. Technical regulations should be broadened and incorporate building and
construction into the certification process.
The federal government and the states have set up environmental education programs to increase
community awareness of the need for sustainability.
There are a large number of support programs for communities who live in forest and jungles, so as to
encourage them to take part in protecting natural resources.
2.7. Identifying and discussing possible priority areas and policy responses.
The aim of the National Roundtable will be to link activities related to the Green Economy to identify
those areas and opportunities that may lead to benefits in the short and medium term and, at the same
time, lead to the reduction of emissions that affect environmental problems reflected in climate change,
with the involvement of various players and based on the analysis of the most representative sectors of
the economy that most consume resources and produce waste.
At the same time, there are coincidences in barriers that have reduced the effectiveness of public
policies and programs, and the following actions as well as others that could be identified during the
National Roundtable, could help to get over these barriers:
Re-orientate the economic incentive system for manufacturing and industrial transformation,
conditioning them to the conservation of natural resources, the use of energy and the reduction of
effluents and discharge into the water, soil and air.
Extend the identification of activities, instruments, policies, measures and specific controls, and means of
evaluation (national indicators and lifecycle analysis) in order to determine progress.
Apply policies and measures that have the purpose of encourage sustainable production and
consumption by implementing, among others, the principle “who pollutes pays”.
Develop programs that make ware of the importance of sustainable production and consumption
models.
20
Create and introduce means of information that are effective, transparent and provable for the
consumers and that are not discriminatory or deceitful, so as to provide information on sustainable
consumption and production, including health and safety aspects.
Increase ecological efficiency by providing public and private funding so as to increase capacity, improve
technology transfer and the exchange of technology with developing countries and countries whose
economy is in transition.
Create an efficient system to evaluate the application of policies and strategies regarding sustainable
production and consumption in particular, and on overall sustainable development, to ensure that the
sectors involved meet their responsibilities and achieve the objectives of the Constitution.
Increase the involvement of the community in creating and approving government policies, strategies
and action with regard to overall and sustainable development, and introducing the means to ensure
that these are complied with.
When reviewing priority areas identified in other countries about sustainable production and
consumption, there is a certain coincidence of sectors, such as energy, waste management, transport,
cleaner production and agriculture. When comparing the themes to be discussed at the National
Roundtable regarding sustainable production and consumption, it may be inferred that many of these
priorities will be the same as those for Mexico. Nevertheless, actions and opportunities will be different,
and will be based on the conditions of Mexico and the viability of developing and proposing policies to
encourage a fast transition towards sustainable production and consumption patterns, and favoring
development and social equality by creating “green jobs”.
2.8. Suitable conditions to perform sustainable production and consumption in the local
context and possible barriers that may have to be overcome its development and its
application.
As already mentioned, sectorization, the lack of sustainable view in public policies, insufficient means to
control and monitor programs and the lack of involvement of the community have been identified as
possible barriers.
One particular barrier is the lack of will to take an active part in the elaboration process and in putting
the strategy into action.
This lack of will not only rests in a lack of interest in the subject, but in the current dynamics that
nowadays exist on public administration and in the manufacturing sectors; and of course, in the
prejudice towards the environment, as an obstacle to economic development.
On the other hand, the progress of the action taken by the government may assume the unviability of
the proposal and the limited involvement of those interested parties.
What is true is that all those involved will have to be told that defining and applying strategies regarding
sustainable production and consumption has an official support, because virtually everything is covered
21
by the National Development Plan and sector programs. In addition, the constitutional mandate points
to sustainability.
Practically all tasks and action must be within the scope of the Mexican Constitution and the National
Development Plan.
22
3. DESIGN THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK. Means of coordination for government
organizations and the effective involvement of stakeholders, and the base of policies required for the
development of the National Strategy.
STEP 2
PLANNING FOR CHANGE
STEP # 3. DEFINING THE INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
Preliminary Institutional
Framework
SCOPE
Working Group or Advisory Group
REVEIWING THE PRELIMINARY
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK:
OPTION B
OPTION A. Changing the VISION and
OBJECTIVES of the
strategy.
OPTION B. Observing programs or
policy already estalbished.
(PECC) (1)
STEP THREE
DEFINING THE
INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
(1) Government Committment
MECHANISMS FOR STEPS 4, 5 and
6
•
LIAISON
For government
organizations and other
committed sectors (business
and cities)
 Contributing to and
participating in
developing,
performing and
monitoring the
program.
EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION OF
INTERESTED PARTIES
•
Communication and Public
Enquiries.
• Questionnaires and
public meetings.
BASE OF POLICIES FOR DEVELOPING
THE PROGRAM
1.Encouraging cooperation between sectors due to the transversal
nature between sectors and sustainable production and
consumption.
2.Incorporating the Treasury to ensure that sufficient funds are
allocated to the action proposed.
3.Involving the various Departments at the beginning of the process.
4.Departments involved: Federal Consumer Protection Agency,
Economy, Agriculture and others.
5.The broad participation of the government establishes the basis to
discuss potential conflicts between the policies and activities of the
various Departments and at various levels of government. (2)
6.Taking decision concerning priority areas or policy that require
NEGOTIATION.
7.A participative approach is the best way of ensuring that results
negotiated function in the long term.
8.A method to achieve mutual results is to carry out Strengths,
Opportunities, Weaknesses and Risks analyses.
(2) Step 2. Point 4. Review of Compatibility and Repetition of Policies
Means of cooperation between government departments and other stakeholders so as to
contribute to and become involved in developing, performing and monitoring the program.
The Cooperation Agenda of the Federal Public Administration should be updated to coordinate the
responsible areas of each Ministry involved in sustainable production and consumption.
Means to ensure the effective participation of all stakeholders throughout the process
(including the means for public information and public enquiries).
To achieve this, it is proposed to set up a National Sustainable Production and Consumption Network
that will serve as an electronic platform for exchanging ideas, comments, success cases and information
on the part of those interested sectors, emphasizing the sustainable practices of the country’s most
representative manufacturing sectors.
There are currently a number of initiatives for private companies that do not have any external
communication, and it is important to bring this information together so that it may be made known to
any party interested in the subject.
At the same time, this network may be used to establish the view of consumers with regard to their
consumption patterns, the influence of business on their purchasing decisions, and the need for
products or possible improvements that consumers themselves may recommend.
By means of the network, contact will be maintained with various sectors of the community that are
interested in the subject.
Basis of policies for the development of the national program.
23
4. IDENTIFY PRIORITY AREAS. Establishing specific priority areas according to development
needs and the specific conditions of each country.
PLANNING FOR CHANGE
STEP # 4. IDENTIFYING PRIORITY AREAS
DEVELOPMENT
NEEDS
STEP 2
SCOPE
7. Identifying
and Discussing
Priority Areas
What areas are covered by current policy,
instruments and activities?
What areas are covered by discontinued
policy or planned activities?
NATIONAL
CONDITIONS
What other
priorities have
other countries
under similar
conditions
selected?
4. IDENTIFYING
PRIORITY
AREAS
Not yet considered.
Not very complex.
BENEFITS WIN-WIN
SHORT TERM
Challenge for
implementation.
Very complex.
BENEFITS
WIN-WIN
MEDIUM TERM
NATIONAL ROUNDTABLE ON SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
The United Nations Environment Programme, through regional meetings, has been able to identify
regional priorities and needs in the area of sustainable production and consumption. The process in the
region has concentrated on a number of initiatives that include specific projects, developing production
and consumption strategies and implementing plans of action at international, regional and national
level, with the participation of those agencies involved in sustainable production and consumption.
Nevertheless, more specific actions are required at a national level to find solutions to improve the
quality of life of the community and to gear production and consumption patterns towards
sustainability.
The General Direction of Industry of the Under Ministry of Environmental Regulation and Promotion of
the SEMARNAT has been designated as focal point for sustainable production and consumption under
the Marrakech Process, and is responsible for conducting the National Sustainable Production and
Consumption Strategy and, to do so, it has set up a team of officials and specialists to establish the links
required with other departments, institutions and relevant sectors.
By applying the “Planning for Change” guideline, which considers the development of the strategy as a
“multi-stakeholder” process, the National Roundtable on Sustainable Production and Consumption has
been planned with the coordinated involvement of representatives of all sectors of the community: the
three levels of government, the business sector, academia and research, community groups, the financial
sector and consumers.
24
The National Roundtable on Sustainable Production and Consumption, linked to the principles of a Green
Economy and taking into account environmental problems reflected in Climate Change, will identify the
priority areas and specific needs of Mexico where sustainable production and consumption practices
could be promoted.
With the contribution of each person involved, the purpose will be to establish priorities in themes
related to the Marrakech Process, the Green Economy Initiative, Climate Change and Individual
Consumption in which the Strategy may be developed, and identify any barriers or activities that have
delayed or that may delay the changes required, and what needs to be done to speed up this process.
This will help to establish the basis to set sustainable production and consumption objectives and
targets, and the action needed to accomplish them; this is the reason that this process counts on with
thematic definitions and participation from representatives of all sectors of the community.
25
V. THEME LINES
Over 30 countries have established public policies to develop both sustainable production and
consumption and Mexico has decided to join this effort and to adopt and adapt the methodology of the
UNEP to its specific conditions. Mexico considers that trade is a fundamental market link between
production and consumption, so this has been included. In Mexico, Sustainable Production and
Consumption includes Sustainable Trade.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION PRIORITIES
PREVIOUS ROUNDTABLES
SPECIAL
THEMES
OTHER THEMES
MARRAKESH THEMES
Priority
Areas
Argentina
Czech
Republic
Ethiopia
Finland
Jamaica
Japan
Senegal
Thailand
UK
China
India
Brazil
South Africa
Clean/Eco-efficient
Production
Consumption Patterns
Public Procurement
Sustainable Building
and Construction
Tourism
Education/
Information
Water
Energy
Recycling and Waste
Handling
Transport
Agriculture/Food
Local Initiatives
Market Conditions
Social Needs
National initiatives are very diverse with regard to their priorities and how to tackle them. All constitute
national frameworks that include programs, action plans and strategies that modify current
unsustainable patterns. National frameworks are often incorporated into current plans and programs
focused on promoting development and combating poverty.
Mexico already has a number of public policies, programs and action in various areas that are compatible
with and, to certain extent, support the conceptual targets of sustainable production and consumption;
26
however, there are certain gaps that need to be filled and opportunities for action to be taken that may
be included or reinforced in all sectors of the community.
Sustainable production and consumption are closely related to public policies already established in
Mexico, so the initiative should not be repeated nor should tasks be duplicated, but complements to this
policy should be identified and put in place, so as to achieve the strategy objective: altering current
production, trade and consumption patterns so that they come within the limits and capacity of
ecosystems to sustain them indefinitely.
There is no single recipe to achieve this. As a matter of fact, the challenge is great, as other initiatives
and concerns regarding the environment, the community and the economy have shown that making
positive and long-lasting changes are not only responsibility of the government, but also requires certain
activity of the state, in other words, the government, the community in general and the handling of the
territory that assures the well being of the community in the long term.
The Special Climate Change Program (SCCP), set up by the Mexican government, is closely linked to the
sustainable production and consumption strategy, as if the latter is successful, the emission of
greenhouse gas will be reduced considerably supporting the goals established in the SCCP.
Similarly, the Green Economy and Green Growth Initiatives driven by Europe, Asia and the OECD are
highly compatible and complementary with regard to the SCCP and sustainable production and
consumption.
The following subjects will be discussed at the National Roundtable on Sustainable Production and
Consumption, plus those established by the Working Groups of the Marrakech Process:
V.1 RELATIONSHIP WITH CLIMATE CHANGE
The environmental problems referred to Climate Change have been originated from unsustainable
production and consumption practices derived from various anthropogenic activities that have governed
the world economy during the last few centuries.
Mexico contributes with 1.6% of the total emission of greenhouse gases around the world, putting it in
12th place. In 2006, emission amounted to 715MtCO2eq. 6
This emission causes climate change, which must be attended to multilaterally so as to reduce the
effects of emissions on the environment, the community and the economy. This creates the need to seek
activities that stabilize the concentration of emissions into the atmosphere in the short and medium
term, and the ability to achieve these effects depends on the cooperation of various sectors.
Through the 2009-2012 Special Climate Change Program (SCCP), Mexico has established national targets
linked to mitigation and adaptation processes, so as to contribute to the overall international effort to
6
Special Climate Change Program 2009-2012
27
reduce emissions, and restrict the rise in the surface temperature of the Earth to less than 3o C. Its main
objective originates from the need to reduce emissions in Mexico by 20% by 2020, and 50% by 2050.
In order to achieve this reduction, the SCCP establishes 105 objectives and 294 mitigation and
adaptation targets through a vision that will boost sustainable development, the use of energy,
innovation in clean manufacturing processes, and the use and conservation of natural resources, without
compromising economic benefits.
The aim of these adaptation targets is to reduce vulnerability to face the effects that climate change
have on the community and to the environment in general, by establishing a new dimension of risk
management.
It is also the aim of the mitigation targets established in the SCCP to encourage “decarbonization” of the
country’s economy by taking action in those sectors in which there is high emission, such as power
generation, agriculture, forestry, soil use and waste.
It is in these types of targets in which changes to production and consumption patterns may speed up
the estimated reduction of emissions. When analyzing and categorizing7 the mitigation targets
established in the SCCP, it is possible to identify the following unit application targets that are directly
related to sustainable production and consumption and to the viability of encouraging the desired
reduction of emission of greenhouse gas, by facilitating their performance and by various sectors
working together.
Clean/Eco-efficient Production
# OF
TARGET
7
TARGET
MITIGATION
M.19
Carrying out 1,090 tasks to achieve energy efficiency and to use renewable
energy in projects in the agricultural and fishing sector:
0.53
M.45
Reducing the emission of greenhouse gas by introducing FIDE programs in
industry and SMEs, in order to achieve savings of 1,229 GWh between 2008
and 2012, and 176 GWh/a year by 2012:
0.12
M.46
Reducing the emission of greenhouse gases by introducing CONUEE
programs in the industrial sector, to achieve a saving of 20 PJ between 2008
and 2012, and 6.7 PJ/a year in 2012:
0.4
Drafted by the General Direction of Industry and the General Climate Change Policy Directorate.
28
Sustainable Building and Construction
# OF TARGET
TARGET
MITIGATION
M.10
Encourage and promote the installation and commissioning of 1.7 million
square meters of solar water heaters between 2008 and 2012, which will
save 635 millions of LP gas during the same time, and 259 million litters by
2012: 0.95 MtCO2e (2008-2012); 0.39 MtCO2e (in 2012):
0.39
M.39
Reduce the emission of greenhouse gases using eco-technology financed by
“green mortgages” for 800,000 new houses. 2.10 MtCO2e (2008 – 2012) and
1.20 MtCO2e/a year (in 2012):
1.2
M.43
Install 600 thousand wood-burning stoves as part of the project to replace
open fires with ecological stoves:
1.62
Energy
# OF TARGET
TARGET
MITIGATION
M.36
Save electricity in business and municipalities amounting to 521 GWh
between 2008 and 2012, and 46 GWh/a year in 2012. 0.35 MtCO2e (20082012); 0.03 MtCO2e/a year (in 2012):
0.03
M.37
Save 7,871 GWh of electricity between 2009 and 2012, by replacing
1,928,916 refrigerators and air-conditioning units and replacing 47.2
incandescent light bulbs for compact fluorescent light bulbs, or others that
are more efficient:
2.68
M.44
Save electricity in the buildings of the APF, amounting to 375 GWh between
2008 and 2012, and 125 GWh/a year in 2012:
0.08
Transport
# OF TARGET
TARGET
MITIGATION
M.24
Reduce the emission of greenhouse gas by saving on the use of gasoline by
introducing a fuel performance and CO2 emission standard for new light
vehicles, to be published in 2010:
0
M.25
Reduce the emission of greenhouse gas by saving on the consumption of
diesel and gasoline, equivalent to 16 PJ of the transport program of the
National Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy (Conuee):
0.4
29
M.26
Reduce the emission of greenhouse gas by incorporating passenger and
freight transport companies and freight service users into the “Clean
Transport” program, by which the Semarnat promotes improvements to
freight transport:
0.9
M.29
Reduce the emission of greenhouse gas as by scrapping 15,100 federal land
transport vehicles: 1.1 MtCO2e /a year (in 2012):
1.1
M.32
Under the PROTRAM of FONADIN, increase from 36% in 2006 to 100% in
2012 the proportion of metropolitan areas and cities with more than 100
thousand habitants, with public transport modernization projects, including
developing transport systems comprising quick bus services that run in
dedicated lanes.
0.0
Withdraw 400 shrimp vessels from the fishing fleet, thus cutting down on
overfishing and saving 77.3 million litters of diesel ever year: 0.60 MtCO2e
(2009-2012); 0.22 MtCO2e (in 2012).
0.22
Support the replacement of 15,500 fishing vessel engines for new engines,
resulting in annual saving of 53.3 million litters of gasoline: 0.13 MtCO2e
(2009-2012); 0.05 MtCO2e (2012).
0.05
M.34
M.35
Water
# OF TARGET
TARGET
MITIGATION
M.83
Treat of 60% of waste water collected between 2008 and 2012.
0
M.84
Irrigate 5,000 hectares using treated waste water between 2008 and 2012.
0
Agriculture
# OF TARGET
TARGET
MITIGATION
M.58
Sowing grass on 188,000 hectares of the industrializable surface area of
sugar cane between 2008 and 2012:
0.14
M.60
Produce bio-fertilizers for use in an area of two million hectares in 2012,
saving 15% of fertilizers:
0.12
30
M.61
Introduce farming techniques to conserve soil on 250,000 hectares of
agricultural land, by providing assistance to purchase machinery for these
tasks (5,000 in the period, taking into account a surface area of 50 ha/per
machine) and sustainable practices on another 199,012 hectares:
0.19
M.62
Sowing 30 plants on pastureland (shade trees, succulent trees, hedges,
bushes, etc.) per Animal Unit supported by Progan (approximately 353
million plants):
0.07
M.73
Establishing 170,000 hectares of commercial forestry plantations.
0.61
According to the SCCP, the following activities should be taken into account in order to achieve these
objectives:
Foreign Policy. Favoring agreements, encouraging multi-lateral financial means for the
development of projects and programs.
Reinforcing Institutions. Strengthening the structure of the Federal Public Administration to align
substantive public policies as a function of national priorities regarding mitigation and
adaptation.
Education, communication and participation. Include the theme of climate change in formal
education, broadening the publicizing of information on the climate and supporting the states.
Technological research and development. Develop a research and innovation facility for
manufacturing processes based on neutral or low-carbon technologies, in the area of the carbon
cycle and risk management.
Climate change economy. Introduce means to assess the involvement of carbon in the national
economy, such as national carbon markets and their link with tax regulations and the trading of
emissions.
V.2 GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE8
In view of the economic and financial crisis of 2008, which caused a major recession in many countries
and, therefore, affected companies, the creation of new jobs, a shortage of goods and services,
particularly regarding energy resources and food, and added to growing social inequality, the food crises,
the demand for natural resources, the generation of emission and waste, and unsustainable production
and consumption patterns that have characterized the technological revolution in the last 100 years, it
was identified at international level that investment systems that have been used in the international
economy have not met objectives concerning sustainable development.
8
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/
31
Therefore, the United Nations Environment Programme launched the Green Economy Initiative (GEI) in
October 2008, in order to support a plan that encourages a transition towards a Green Economy.
The aim of the GEI is to help governments to concentrate their policies, investment and spending on
“greening” some economy sectors by reconfiguring business and fair trade models, along with
production and consumption patterns, transforming infrastructure and institutions, promoting
sustainable economic growth that benefits the creation of jobs, reduces poverty and social inequality,
and at the same time decreases the extraction and use of natural resources, thus reducing the
generation of greenhouse gas and production of waste.
The tasks under the Green Economy initiative regarding the development of macro-economic models
and the quantitative analysis that assess the impact of green investment and identifies facilitating
conditions and policy options to create a transition towards a green economy, are based on the following
main elements:
Green Economy Report. Economic models and analyses show that investing in making the
economy “green” in certain sectors may lead to an economic recovery and create future
prosperity and jobs, while accomplishing social and environmental objectives.
The Economics of Ecosystem & Biodiversity TEEB. Initiative to deal with the global economic
benefits of biodiversity, underlining the cost of degradation of ecosystems and loss of
biodiversity, and seeking to attract expert advice in the areas of science, economics and politics.
Green Jobs. Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World. A global transition to a
sustainable and low-carbon economy may create a large number of green jobs in various sectors
of the economy, and that may become a catalyst to development.
In addition, as a response to the GEI, the UNEP, together with other areas of the United Nations, has
drafted the “Global Green New Deal” report9 that encourages governments to take the opportunity
during the crisis to concentrate on introducing tax incentives as an alternative to be included in recovery
policy.
The Green Economy Report examines the action that governments may take to facilitate the transition
towards a Green Economy, taking into account the key tools of support policy and infrastructure that
may influence investment and consumption decisions.
It also lays down parameters that allow better directing placement of private capital in low-carbon
sectors that favor the efficient use of resources, and underlines the need to adapt local and international
policy and regulatory frameworks, to a Green Economy.
This repot10 considers the following sectors as priority for encouraging this transition:
Agriculture. Sustainable agriculture may be the road to increasing the number of agricultural
workers, and activities related to the supply chains and infrastructures needed to gain access to
markets.
9
10
Global Green New Deal (GGND). UNEP
Green Economy Report: A Preview. UNEP
32
Building. The refurbishment of current buildings and building new buildings with reduced energy
consumption, at low investment, represent a potential market niche for creating jobs.
Cities. The urban development of cities may combine the efficiency of resources with social and
economic aspects, bringing the population closer to urban activities and making the
infrastructure of public services more efficient as far as energy is concerned.
Energy. The use of renewable energy to meet the demand for energy will lead to health benefits,
ensure the supply of energy and support economic activity.
Fishing. The fishing sector is not currently being used correctly and its use has been reduced. The
replenishment of fishing reserves through effective handling programs may lead to an increase
in fishing around the world.
Forestry. The coverage of forest has decreased due to overexploitation of soil due to agriculture
and farming. A number of actions geared to protecting and preserving forestry areas are an
option for creating jobs and a way of living for local communities, by providing forestry
supervisory services.
Manufacturing. The manufacturing sector is responsible for one third of the use of energy and
for 25% of the emission of greenhouse gas around the world. It is also responsible for most of
the primary extraction of resources. Opportunities are geared towards the use and efficiency of
resources in various industrial sectors.
Tourism. The option of investing in sustainable tourism may contribute to development of the
sector and its transformation at both local and international level.
Transport. Investing in green transport may help cities to reduce their environmental problems
by cutting down on traffic and other associated costs, by creating jobs related to the
development of public transport systems.
Waste. Assessing waste and reincorporating it into the production chain, promoting its
reduction, reuse and recycling, represents the opportunity for new market niches and at the
same time reduces environmental and health problems caused by this trend.
Water. The current availability in infrastructure of water resources is reducing the number of
opportunities for social and economic development in some areas. Policy needs to be introduced
to encourage adaptation to the conditions of changing supply and to affect the consumption
patterns of water.
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity is the result of an analysis of the economic benefits
created by biological diversity, the costs for incorrect use and loss of biodiversity, and identifies the
absence of conservation measures in the face of the costs required for effective conservation. 11
The various reports included in this document make a number of recommendations derived from the
link between the economy and the use of ecosystems. The most important are listed below:
11
(TEEB 2010) The Economy of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. Incorporation of the Economic Aspects in Nature. A synthesis of the approach, conclusions and
recommendations.
33
Human dependence on eco-systemic services must be better integrated with public policy. It is
important to define how policy, either directly or indirectly, has an influence on the future
availability and distribution of eco-systemic services.
Local accounting bodies should introduce methods, means and standards for sustainable
management and the integrated accounting of biodiversity and eco-systemic services, together
with conservation groups.
Certain principles, such as “who pollutes pays” or “the beneficiary pays” constitute a manner of
reorganizing tax incentives and reforms. The purpose of positive incentives, such as payment for
environmental services, tax exemptions and other tax transfers must encouraged to public and
private organizations to provide eco-systemic services.
Assessing ecosystems may help to identify financing and investment opportunities and to
establish conservation priorities.
The conservation and restoration of ecosystems should consider an option to support
government objectives in the areas of food safety, urban development, purification of water,
treatment of waste water, regional development, and mitigation and adaptation to the effects of
climate change.
Demonstrating the values of environmental services may help to increase awareness and
commitment to sustainable management of biodiversity. Incorporating these values into
economic, commercial and development policy should be routine.
Green jobs are those that reduce the environmental impact caused by companies and economic sectors,
until achieving levels of sustainability. Various sectors of the international economy have begun to create
green jobs, and it is assumed that this trend will increase in the next few years12 as a catalyst to
development of local economies.
Both current green jobs and those that will be created in the future as new sustainable production and
consumption patterns are implemented, must be differentiated by suitable working conditions, with
suitable salaries, safe working conditions, fair labor rights and career advancement.
Green jobs must help to reduce social inequality, poverty and unfair distribution of wealth.
It will be easier to create green jobs in sectors that have a major effect on the emission of greenhouse
gases and the use of natural resources in their manufacturing processes and that, at the same time,
represent a major contribution to local economies, and in those that provide the basis to protect and
restore biodiversity and ecosystems.
The results in this area will depend on the changes that each sector makes and the adaptation of each
company to sustainable patterns, and on the available support for financing green projects.
12
Green Jobs. Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World. UNEP 2008
34
Nevertheless, by encouraging the economy to move towards sustainability, the labor market will be
altered as follows:
Creation of additional green jobs.
Replacement of type of jobs (for example, changing from fossil fuel to renewable energy).
Elimination of jobs (for example, due to the decrease in demand for unsustainable products).
Transformation of jobs in working methods.
Therefore, in order to create green jobs, innovation becomes an incentive for various companies when
seeking to retain current jobs and create new jobs. At the same time, professional training is a tool that
may be used to improve performance level. Without qualified and informed businessmen and
specialized workers, the resources and technology available may not be used or lead to environmental
and economic benefits.
During this transitional stage, it should be taken into account that the change towards a green economy
will benefit workers and communities. Employment policy must be established so as to identify and
reduce any possible adverse effects on the workforce. Dialogue with unions is fundamental in order to
design new sustainable production systems and working practices, establishing a collaborative
relationship in the areas of health and occupational safety. This must be coordinated by government,
companies and workers.
The road towards a green economy goes hand in hand with realizing the large number of opportunities
that there are to bring about this change. Creating jobs, developing renewable energy, energy
conservation practices, investment in research and development, transport infrastructure, consumption
alternatives, etc., are an example of this.
Nevertheless, in order to boost this transition, a number of substantial changes are required, both locally
and internationally, along with parallel structural changes to institutions.
The changes needed include defining policy in regulatory and tax areas, by coordinating measures that
are complementary to one and other and that do not counteract each other.
Tax reforms play a major role in the Green Economy, as the manner of earning revenue has a direct
effect on the structure of incentives aimed at business and homes, both in consumption and investment
decisions. At the same time, how the government uses this perception may create support, for example,
technological innovation and development, research, or to improve the infrastructure of public
services.13
Complementary pricing policies may be used to improve the effectiveness of certain measures. These
policies may include new types of taxes, saleable licenses or any other types of means based on markets
to establish the correct incentives to reduce dependence on carbon and the ecological degradation and
13
Driving a Green Economy through Public Finance and Fiscal Policy Reform. UNEP DTIE.
35
that at the same time reduces unfair subsidies that prevent the objectives of the Green Economy from
being accomplished.
Other means, in addition to economic-tax means, that may bring about change to the paradigms of
production and consumption patterns may be categorized as follows:
Regulatory policy (product standards, regulations, laws)
Voluntary tools (ISO, voluntary initiatives)
Planning means and instruments to educate and increase awareness and publicizing information
(labeling)
Public procurement policy
V.3 FAMILY CONSUMPTION
There is no doubt that the involvement of the community in Sustainable Production and Consumption is
fundamental in the actions required to improve the performance of the society regarding conservation
of the environment. Society must be informed of matters such as climate change, use of resources,
disposal and assessment of waste, influence of the environment on consumption that, in general, are
controlled by values and trends that impose social structures.
Various day-to-day activities go hand in hand with unsustainable consumption practices, not only related
to goods and services, but also natural or energy resources that in most cases are not given importance
as there is no direct cost that leads to payment for these resources.
Changes may be made in the following areas at either individual or family level:
Housing (Building). Developing and designing houses that incorporate ecological technology,
make better use of natural resources and optimize the use of services.
Transport. Transport is one of the main activities that creates atmospheric emission. Reducing
the use of vehicles and encouraging non-motorized transport, and the use of public transport
systems are alternatives that everyone should encourage.
Food and Drink. This sector represents 30% of the environmental impact caused by the
community. Being aware of the use of resources and materials during manufacturing, transport,
consumption and disposal of associated waste, may lead to better decisions at the time of
buying.
Energy efficiency. The use of energy is synonymous with the use of resources, so steps should be
taken to reduce the use of household appliances to a minimum, or to use them efficiently, and
artificial sources of light.
36
Urban Development. Promotion of cities in which there is a public services infrastructure geared
to conservation of the environment and use of resources, although meeting the needs of the
community, creating social welfare and developing more humane communities in a sustainable
environment.
Each of these areas requires initiatives so that they may be developed, and action so that they may be
performed.
VI. LATER ACTIVITIES
Once the priority areas on which Mexico should concentrate in order to obtain benefits (win-win) in the
short and medium term have been identified, the National Strategy must be created by taking the
following steps, according to the method established in the “Planning for Change” Guidelines.
5. DEFINING OBJECTIVES AND ESTABLISHING TARGETS. Clearly defined objectives established with
short, medium and long-term targets, which may be verified in the future. Targets must be specific
and realistic.
6. SELECTING POLICY AND INITIATIVES. These should be selected on the basis of assisting in the
accomplishment of the objectives and targets established.
7. OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF THE PROGRAM. The higher the level of political approval, better its
implementation will be. This should be done with a participative approach.
8. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM. Implementation of the program after it is approved and
implementation of activities.
9. DOCUMENTING, MONITORING AND ASSESSING. The strategy may be monitored according to
the correct selection of quantitative indicators in line with the targets and objectives established.
10.
CONSERVING AND IMPROVING. Introducing a means to review the process from time to time
so that it may be adapted and approved systematically.
37
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38
Annex 4
39
GESTACIÓN DE PATRONES DE PyCS
RIO 1992
1ª. MESA REDONDA NACIONAL DE
PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO SUSTENTABLE
• Programa para promover el Desarrollo Sostenible
PROGRAMA 21
CONVENCIÓN MARCO DE LAS
NACIONES UNIDAS SOBRE EL CAMBIO
CLIMÁTICO
CONVENCIÓN SOBRE LA DIVERSIDAD
BIOLÓGICA
CARTA DE LA TIERRA
DESARROLLO DE LA ESTRATEGIA NACIONAL DE
PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO SUSTENTABLE
•
•
Reconoce que el sistema climático es un recurso compartido cuya estabilidad puede verse afectada por
actividades industriales y de otro tipo que emiten dióxido de carbono y otros gases que retienen el
calor.
Se reconoce a los patrones de producción y consumo como generadores del Cambio Climático.
•
•
Conservación de diversidad biológica.
Utilización sostenible de los componentes de la diversidad biológica.
•
Adoptar patrones de producción, consumo y reproducción que salvaguarden las capacidades
regenerativas de la Tierra, derechos humanos y el bienestar comunitario.
2000
DECLARACIÓN DEL MILENIO
• Garantizar la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente.
• Fomentar una asociación mundial para el desarrollo
2002
SUBSECRETARÍA DE FOMENTO
Y NORMATIVIDAD AMBIENTAL
DECLARACIÓN DE JOHANNESBURGO
• Se reafirma el compromiso para el Desarrollo Sustentable.
• Se asume una responsabilidad colectiva para avanzar y reforzar los pilares interdependientes del
Desarrollo Sustentable – desarrollo económico, desarrollo social y protección ambiental – a niveles local,
nacional, regional y global.
• Responder de forma positiva a la necesidad de producir un plan proactivo y visible para tratar la
erradicación de la pobreza y el desarrollo humano.
2003
LUIS H. BAROJAS WEBER
PROCESO DE MARRAKECH
DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE INDUSTRIA
• Implementar programas a nivel nacional, regional y local para desarrollar metodologías de PyCS
• Elaboración de un Marco Decenal de Programas como aporte a la CDS 18 y CDS 19
2008
GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE
MÉXICO. NOVIEMBRE 18 DE 2010
• Oportunidad para repensar los modelos de desarrollo y de negocio del siglo pasado, como una necesidad
para moverse hacia una economía verde. (Green Report / Green Jobs / TEEB )
RASGOS DE LA ESTRATEGIA PyCS DE MÉXICO
TEMAS DE LA “ESTRATEGIA DE MEDIO
TÉRMINO 2010 – 2013” PNUMA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
•
CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
DESASTRES Y CONFLICTOS
MANEJO DE ECOSISTEMAS
GOBERNABILIDAD AMBIENTAL
RESIDUOS PELIGROSOS Y SUSTANCIAS DAÑINAS
Vinculación entre ECONOMÍA VERDE - PRODUCCIÓN y
CONSUMO SUSTENTABLE - CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO.
• Vinculación entre COMERCIO y PRODUCCIÓN y CONSUMO
SUSTENTABLE
PRODUCCIÓN
COMERCIO
CONSUMO
6. EFICIENCIA DE RECURSOS / PRODUCCIÓN Y
CONSUMO SUSTENTABLE
MERCADO
3
GRUPO ASESOR
ETAPAS DE LA GUÍA PNUMA
“PLANIFICACIÓN PARA EL CAMBIO”
• GRUPO ASESOR
6. Seleccionar políticas e iniciativas
10. Mantener y mejorar
MONITOREO
9. Documentar, monitorear y evaluar
IMPLEMENTACIÓN
7. Obtener aprobación oficial del programa
8. Difundir, promover e implementar el programa
DESARROLLO
Comunicar y consultar
5. Definir objetivos y establecer metas
Integrar / vincular con estrategias
3. Definir el marco institucional
PLANIFICACIÓN
1. Crear un grupo asesor
2. Realizar la determinación del alcance o scoping
4 . Seleccionar áreas prioritarias
4
 GOBIERNO
o SECRETARÍA DE ECONOMÍA / PROFECO
o SECRETARÍA DE ENERGÍA / CONUEE
o SECRETARÍA DE LA FUNCIÓN PÚBLICA
o SECRETARÍA DE AGRICULTURA
oSECRETARÍA DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA
 EMPRESARIAL
o CONCAMIN
o COPARMEX
o CCE/CESPEDES
o CANACO (Ciudad de México)
o GEMI
 ACADÉMICO
o UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
o INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL
o COLEGIO DE MÉXICO
o UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA
o TECNOLÓGICO DE MONTERREY
 SOCIEDAD CIVIL
o COLECTIVO ECOLOGISTA JALISCO AC
o PRODESARROLLO AC
o COMERCIO JUSTO
oFUNDEA
o INSTITUTO MEXICANO PARA LA COMPETITIVIDAD AC
6
40
PRIORIDADES DE PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO SUSTENTABLE
PLANIFICACIÓN PARA EL CAMBIO
PASO # 4. IDENTIFICAR ÁREAS PRIORITARIAS
(REVISIÓN FORMAL DE LAS PRINCIPALES NECESIDADES, PROBLEMAS Y RETOS DE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO SUSTENTABLE)
NECESIDADES DE
DESARROLLO
PASO 2
ALCANCE
¿Qué áreas han sido cubiertas por políticas,
instrumentos y actividades existentes?
7. Identificación
y Discusión de
Áreas Prioritarias
¿Qué áreas han sido cubiertas por políticas
descontinuadas o actividades completadas?
CONDICIONES
DEL PAÍS
¿Qué otras
prioridades han
seleccionado
otros paises con
condiciones
similares?
4. IDENTIFICAR
ÁREAS
PRIORITARIAS
No consideradas
previamente.
Poca complejidad.
BENEFICIOS
GANAR-GANAR
CORTO PLAZO
Reto para su
implementación.
Alta complejidad.
BENEFICIOS
GANAR-GANAR
MEDIANO PLAZO
8
41
CONTENIDO
LÍNEA DE BASE.
DOCUMENTO
DE DISCUSIÓN
FEDERICO ARCE NAVARRO
DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE
INDUSTRIA
NOVIEMBRE 18 DE 2010
REFERENCIAS BASE PARA INTEGRACIÓN DEL DOCUMENTO
I.
INTRODUCCION
II. ANTECEDENTES
III. EL PROCESO DE MARRAKECH
IV. FORMULACIÓN DE LA ESTRATEGIA NACIONAL DE PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO
SUSTENTABLE
1. CREAR UN GRUPO ASESOR
2. DETERMINACIÓN DEL ALCANCE
3. DEFINIR MARCO INSTITUCIONAL
4. IDENTIFICAR ÁREAS PRIORITARIAS
MESA REDONDA NACIONAL DE PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO SUSTENTABLE
V. LINEAS TEMÁTICAS
V1. RELACIÓN CON CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
V2. INICIATIVA DE ECONOMÍA VERDE
V3. CONSUMO FAMILIAR
VI.
ACTIVIDADES POSTERIORES
Contexto
PLAN NACIONAL DE DESARROLLO
EL MEDIO AMBIENTE EN MÉXICO: EN RESUMEN 2009.
INDICADORES BÁSICOS DEL DESEMPEÑO AMBIENTAL EN MÉXICO 2009
ECONOMÍA DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
PROGRAMA ESPECIAL PARA EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
ESTUDIO IMPLICACIONES DE ECONOMÍA Y AMBIENTE RESPECTO AL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE PATRONES
PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN Y EL CONSUMO SUSTENTABLE
PREGUNTAS FRECUENTES PROCESO DE MARRAKECH
GUIA “PLANIFICACIÓN PARA EL CAMBIO”
INICIATIVA DE ECONOMÍA VERDE. HOJA DE DATOS.
REPORTE DE ECONOMÍA VERDE. DOCUMENTO INTERMEDIO
NUEVO ACUERDO VERDE GLOBAL
NUEVO ACUERDO VERDE GLOBAL (ACTUALIZACIÓN)
Emergencia y Gobernabilidad
De la cantidad y calidad de recursos (bienes) dependerá el
desarrollo de las siguientes generaciones…y su
gobernabilidad
En las últimas décadas los países han tenido que ajustar
sus agendas para priorizar la política en función de las
emergencias, hasta el punto donde la emergencia se
vuelve parte de la condición normal y se impone a la
condición de desarrollo.
Por tanto, el desarrollo tiene que competir con todas las
demás prioridades (emergencias), seguridad, pobreza,
salud, educación, trabajo, vivienda, democracia, etc.
La economía analiza el sentido de las
decisiones del sistema en función de la
“escasez” de los bienes (ambiente y
recursos naturales).
El modelo de desarrollo imperante durante
el siglo XX trajo como consecuencia el
decaimiento de los “bienes”
ambientales tanto en cantidad como en
calidad.
En los últimos 50 años, las crisis
económicas se han ido agudizando y
haciendo cada vez más frecuentes.
Existe una relación directa que cada vez
será más evidente entre crisis
económica y la escasez o el deterioro
ambiental.
% de los Costos Ecológicos respecto al PIB
10%
9.5%
9%
8.8%
8.6%
8.4%
8%
7.9%
7.6%
7%
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Emergencia Ambiental
Derivada de un estilo de desarrollo basado
sólo en el crecimiento económico:
• Que busca maximizar la utilidad
monetaria.
• Donde el uso intensivo de los recursos
naturales es indispensable para
satisfacer necesidades crecientes.
• El motor energético de la economía
depende de los hidrocarburos
Resultado: Cambio Climático y Pérdida
acelerada de la Biodiversidad
42
Una decisión estratégica
Nuestro país debe decidir que costos debe asumir en
el tiempo
Hoy se calcula:
Preguntas clave para México
(1% PIB Global / 10% PIB México)
¿Cuál es el potencial económico
empresas
ambientales
de
creación y de la reconversión
existentes para el desarrollo
economía en el futuro?
Asumir en el futuro los costos económicos,
sociales y ambientales derivados de la falta
de acción en el presente: “Costos de la
Inacción”
¿Qué barreras financieras, políticas e
institucionales
pueden
inhibir
el
desarrollo de una economía verde?
Costos asociados a la reconversión
económica hacia una “Economía Verde”
(20% PIB Global…/ MÉXICO COSTOS
INCALCULABLES
Identificación de Temas de la Línea Base
• Mercados y servicios ambientales
• Creación del instrumentos
financieros (fondo verde)
• Infraestructura residuos y reciclaje
• Energías renovables
• Diseño de producto
• Edificación y desarrollo urbano
• Transporte y movilidad urbana
• Pesca y acuacultura
• Turismo
de las
nueva
de las
de la
¿Contamos con experiencias nacionales y
casos de éxito?
Construcción de Capacidades
• Integración de la Red Nacional sobre Producción y Consumo
Sustentable.
• Compilación sobre visiones relativas a la Producción y el
Consumo Sustentable.
• Definición de criterios para Compras Públicas Sustentables.
• Caracterización e identificación de “empleos verdes”.
• Convenio de Producción y Consumo Sustentable del Papel.
43
1
2
Contenido
División de Tecnología, Industria y Economía
• El Proceso de Marrakech a nivel internacional
• Los Grupos de trabajo del Proceso de
Marrakech
• El Marco de Programa a 10 años
• La Economía Verde: descripción e
informaciones regionales
• Relación entre el Proceso de Marrakech y la
Economía Verde
Panel Temático 1:
El Proceso de Marrakech y la
Economía Verde
Mesa Redonda Nacional de Consumo y
Producción Sostenibles
México D.F.
18 – 19 de noviembre de 2010
1
3
El Proceso de Marrakech
sobre CPS es…
Temas de los Grupos de Trabajo
Enfocados en sectores
Edificios y
Construcciones
Sostenibles
Una plataforma global e informal, basada en la interacción de
múltiples actores que:
1. Apoya el desarrollo y la implementación de proyectos y
programas sobre Consumo y Producción Sostenibles,
basados en prioridades nacionales y regionales, y las
alianzas o mecanismos de multíplices actores
Productos
Sostenibles
2. Ofrece insumos para la elaboración del Marco de Programas
a 10 años (10YFP), que será ulteriormente desarrollado y
lanzado basado en los compromisos internacionales
definidos durante la Comisión de Desarrollo Sostenible de
NNUU (ciclos de la CDS 18 y 19 en el 2010 y 2011)
Resultados logrados
• Desarrollo de las estrategias / programas de CPS regionales en
África, Asia Pacifico, América, Europa y Asia del Oeste.
• Desarrollo de Programas nacionales de CPS en más que 10 países
• Siete Grupos de Trabajo
• Comité Asesor con gobiernos y otros actores que apoyan el
desarrollo del 10YFP y del Proceso de Marrakech.
• Red Interagencial de NNUU: para empezar a involucrar las
agencias de NNUU en el Proceso y en el 10YFP.
• Foro de las Empresas y de las ONGs: aumentar la participación y
cooperación.
• Desarrollo del 10YFP: basado en los resultados y consultas
regionales con un amplio grupo de actores – cuarto borrador
actualmente en desarrollo.
Compras
Publicas
Sostenibles
Herramientas de
proyecto y
programas
Turismo
Sostenible
Siete
Grupos de
Trabajo de
Marrakech
Cooperación
con África
Estilos de vida
Sostenibles
Educación para
Consumo
Sostenible
Aspectos sociales
& de conducta
Enfoque regional
5
6
Resultados de la CDS 18 (mayo de 2010)
• Apoyo al desarrollo de un Marco de Programa a 10 años sobre consumo y
producción sostenibles, que deberá promover las iniciativas existentes,
facilitar la coherencia de las herramientas políticas y fortalecer la cooperación
y alianzas.
• El Proceso de Marrakech fue reconocido por un gran numero de países como
un foro importante para el dialogo y la cooperación en CPS, y se definió un
importante respaldo para el desarrollo del 10YFP, la expansión del trabajo del
Proceso de Marrakech y de sus grupos de trabajo.
• Para seguir en el desarrollo del 10YFP desde ahora hasta la CDS 19, muchas
delegaciones sugirieron la organización de una reunión intersesional, con
Panamá como país anfitrión, el 13 y 14 de enero de 2011.
44
7
El Marco de Programas a 10 años:
8
¿Qué es Economía Verde?
Los posibles elementos del Marco de Programa a 10 años incluyen:
 Visión, metas y objetivos
 Estructura institucional
 Programas
• Aumento de las inversiones
públicas y privadas en los
sectores verdes
• Aumento de los empleos en
los sectores verdes
• Aumento de la aportación
económica de los sectores
verdes
• PNUMA y UNDESA están desarrollando una revisión de los posibles
modelos para la infraestructura institucional para el 10YFP, basada en
los modelos existentes en el sistema de NNUU.
• Un formato para la propuesta de programas ha sido distribuido a todos
los actores para promover la recolección de ejemplos de potenciales
programas, que serán reunidos en un papel.
• Estos dos documentos servirán como contribución clave para la
reunión intersesional, durante la cual serán discutidos entre los
gobiernos y los otras partes involucradas en el proceso.
• Disminución del uso de
energía y recursos naturales
• Disminución de las emisiones
/ unidad PNB
• Disminución del consumo
intensivo en recursos
Una economía “baja en carbono”, innovadora y
ecológica…
1
0
9
¿Qué implica una Economía Verde?
¿Qué implica una Economía Verde?
Reformas nacionales:
Arquitectura política internacional :
a) Abolición de subvenciones, impuestos e incentivos
contraproducentes;
b) Racionalización del uso del suelo y política urbana;
c) Introducción de la gestión integrada de los recursos y del agua;
d) Mejoramiento y aplicación de la legislación ambiental;
e) Asegurar la implementación apropiada de los paquetes de
estímulo.
a) Regímenes de comercio fomentadores del flujo de bienes y
servicios ambientales;
b) Apoyo internacional para países que incorporen el concepto de
economía verde;
c) Apoyo para un funcionamiento más equitativo y una distribución
regional más equilibrada del mercado mundial de carbono;
d) Desarrollo de mercados mundiales para servicios ecosistémicos;
e) Desarrollo y transferencia de tecnologías ambientales;
f) Coordinación internacional para la implementación de los
paquetes de estímulo.
Importancia del marco legal y institucional…
Las características de una Economía Verde
para la región
La región, junto con los países emergentes de Asia, se sitúa entre
las más dinámicas del globo.
Las condiciones de crecimiento sostenido que ofrece una
economía verde son:
• Fortalecer las finanzas públicas con una reducción de los
gastos públicos (a través de una reducción de las
externalidades negativas)
• Conciliar el crecimiento con una mayor equidad
• Focalizar los recursos públicos en actividades con mayor
potencial
• Reducir el nivel de pobreza
• Luchar contra el desempleo
Importancia del marco legal y institucional…
1
2
1
1
Prioridades regionales
Prioridades sectoriales:
• Sostenibilidad en el transporte
• Acceso a servicios energéticos
• PyMEs
• Turismo sostenible / ecoturismo
• Procesamiento de alimentos
• Construcción
Temas transversales:
• Biodiversidad
• Pobreza
• Empleo
• Uso del “capital natural”
• Conocimientos y culturas
locales
45
1
3
Ejemplos regionales de Economía Verde
Desarrollo urbano sostenible en Curitiba, Brasil
Tasa más alta de uso de transporte público en Brasil (45% de
los viajes) y niveles de contaminación del aire urbano más
bajos del país
1
4
• Las delegaciones en la CDS 18 reconocieron que el 10YFP podrá ofrecer una
contribución importante a la Conferencia de NNUU sobre el Desarrollo
Sostenible (o conferencia de Rio+20) en el 2012.
• Los temas de discusión en Rio+20 son:
– La economía verde en el contexto del desarrollo sostenible y
erradicación de la pobreza;
– El marco institucional para el desarrollo sostenible.
Gestión efectiva del ambiente forestal en Costa Rica
Protección de los bosques y promoción del eco-turismo.
Reducción de la pobreza y del desempleo a través de los
parques nacionales.
• Complementariedad entre CPS y Economía Verde
- Objetivos similares
- Enfoques diferentes, pero complementarios
- Énfasis en el ambiente político, inversiones e indicadores
macroeconómicos
Servicios de los ecosistemas en Quito, Ecuador
Ejemplos de liderazgo en la promoción de la protección de los
servicios críticos del ecosistema a través de FONAG.
Relaciones entre la Economía Verde y el
Proceso de Marrakech II
Relaciones entre la Economía Verde y el
Proceso de Marrakech I
1
5
• La Economía Verde puede ofrecer las análisis económicas necesarias
para promover las políticas de CPS.
• Abundancia de experiencia en el desarrollo e implementación de
políticas de CPS puede ser beneficiosa para las estrategias de economía
verde.
• La 10YFP podrá ser un importante mecanismo para la transición a una
economía verde y una decisión sobre CPS y una decisión sobre el 10YFP
en la CDS 19 podrá ser un insumo importante para Rio+20.
46
1
2
Contenido
• Implementación de practicas sostenibles en los
procesos productivos y apoyo a las PyMEs en la
implementación de RECP
• Iniciativas en respuesta a riesgos químicos e
industriales
• Sostenibilidad en los edificios y construcción
• Alianza para la promoción de la sostenibilidad
en el turismo
• Transporte sostenible
Panel temático 2:
Producción
Mesa Redonda Nacional de Consumo y
Producción Sostenibles
México D.F.
3
Construir Redes para apoyar las PyMEs
el Programa Conjunto de ONUDI y PNUMA sobre “RECP”
4
• Fortalecer el Programa de los Centros Nacionales de
Producción más Limpia, lanzado en 1994 ...
Porque las empresas no implementan Eficiencia de Recursos y Producción más Limpia?
– Capacidad de la red existente de Producción más Limpia en 50
países
–
–
–
–
–
Diseminación de información y sensibilización
Capacitación (profesional)
Diagnósticos en planta y demonstración
Apoyo en formulación de políticas
Transferencia de tecnologías
– Beneficios económicos y ambientales probados y
demostrados en miles de industrias a través de capacitaciones
y proyectos de demostración
– Mesas redondas o redes regionales establecidas en África,
Asia, Europa y América Latina
3
• Resultados esperados:
– Una red RECP NET global establecida con capítulos regionales
– Capacidades en los países involucrados en el programa mejoradas
para diseminar y incorporar en las estrategias, además de 15 nuevos
centros establecidos
– Herramientas preparadas y capacidades desarrollada (eficiencia
energética, eficiencia en el uso de agua, gestión de los materiales y de
los químicos, producción más segura y gestión de los desechos)
– Capacitación de expertos como entrenadores
– Empresas pueden medir los beneficios económicos, ambientales y
sociales
– Países han incorporado los conceptos “RECP” en sus políticas
nacionales y/o instrumentos financieros
– Países han desarrollado e implementados programas nacionales para
la innovación de productos sostenibles
5
Iniciativas en respuesta a riesgos
químicos e industriales
• A nivel de políticas:
Marco flexible
Guía para el desarrollo de
políticas nacionales de
prevención y preparación a las
emergencias químicas
• A nivel sectorial y
local
1.
Producción Responsable:
Prevención de los accidentes
químicos, a través de la
comunicación a lo largo de la
cadena de valor, enfocado
principalmente a las PyMEs
(enfoque sectorial)
2.
Awareness and Preparedness for
Local Level (APELL) –
Sensibilización y Preparación a las
Emergencias a nivel local
Preparación a nivel local para
responder a las emergencias
ambientales a través de la
participación de múltiples actores
(empresa, comunidad, autoridades
locales)
47
8
Oportunidades para Alianzas
en el sector de edificios y
construcciones
Porque los edificios?
Evaluación del IPPC
del potencial de
reducción de
emisiones en los
diferentes sectores
dependiendo del
precio del mercado
del carbono
Misión: Presentar una voz común de los actores
del sector de las construcciones sobre edificios y
cambio climático, beneficiando de la capacidad
única del PNUMA de ofrecer una plataforma
global para la acción colectiva.
Nuestros miembros: empresas internacionales y
nacionales; Federaciones; Green Building
Councils; autoridades locales; instituciones de
investigación; asociaciones y ONGs.
10
9
Diseminación y sensibilización
UNEP-SBCI trabajan para promover políticas
y practicas de construcción sostenible a nivel
global
OBJETIVOS:
Plataforma común
Herramientas y
estrategias
Línea base de desempeño
Apoyo a proyectos
locales, nacionales y
globales
ACTIVIDADES y RESULTADOS:
Sensibilización, promoción, talleres de entrenamiento
Asistencia en la formulación de políticas (ciudades, gobiernos, UNFCCC)
Temas centrales para la sostenibilidad (Sustainable Buildings Index)
Diagnósticos nacionales y regionales del estado de sostenibilidad de los
edificios
Conferencias, talleres y consultas
-> reunir los actores claves
-> ofrecer una plataforma común
Comunicación y sensibilización
-> Herramientas para tomadores de
decisiones
-> situación actual de la sostenibilidad
de los edificios a nivel global
Probar herramientas a nivel de ciudad, grupos de edificios o edificios
individuales
Mas informaciones:
www.unep.org/sbci
Oportunidades de alianzas a través de la Alianza
Global para el Turismo Sostenible
•
•
Meta: la Alianza reúne el sector privado, los gobiernos, la academia, y las
ONGs para promover la sostenibilidad en el sector turismo. Permite
compartir conocimientos, coordinar iniciativas exitosas, adaptarlas,
diseminarlas y replicarlas para responder a las necesidades globales.
Intereses para los actores del sector privado:
–
–
–
–
•
1
2
Cuatro actividades principales
Encontrar socios y desarrollar sinergias;
Crear oportunidades de negocios y de proyectos;
Obtener conocimiento para mejorar sus resultados;
Promoción de sus intereses y participación en los procesos de definición de
políticas .
Ejemplos de miembros de las organizaciones de negocios internacionales:
– Iniciativa de los Tour Operators
– Roteiros de Charme
– Fédération Universelle des Agences de Voyage
Implementación
de las
recomendacione
s de políticas
Diseminar y
replicar
proyectos
exitosos en
otras regiones
Desarrollar
nuevas
herramientas
Construir redes
y alianzas
Desarrollo del turismo sostenible
48
Apoyo a las empresas ofrecido por la alianza:
1. Proyecto de soluciones energéticas para los hoteles
• Objetivo: promover la implementación de tecnologías de Eficiencia Energética
(EE) y Energías Renovables (RE) en el sector de hospedaje en Europa.
• Herramienta para hoteles PyMEs
• para analizar el uso de la energía y la huella de carbono en comparación
con hoteles similares
• para ofrecer asistencia en la toma de decisiones sobre las opciones de
inversión de EE y RE en términos prácticos y de costos.
• www.hotelenergysolutions.net
2. Inversiones y Finanzas Sostenibles en la red de Turismo
•
Red de conocimiento e inversiones con el objetivo de incluir sistemáticamente la
sostenibilidad en las inversiones y financiamientos del desarrollo turístico.
•
El resultado será un estándar común y voluntario para promover mayor
sostenibilidad en las inversiones de turismo por parte de los inversionistas
públicos, privados y multilaterales.
Transporte & Economía Verde
El rol del transporte sostenible:
Los costos de transporte, cerca o superior al
10% del PIB de un país, tienen tendencia a
aumentar aun más según las actuales tendencias
de aumento continuo de la motorización.
Inversiones en el transporte verde – apoyo a
las ciudades en la reducción de la congestión,
contaminación del aire y otros costos a través de
tecnología verde, ciudades verdes e
infraestructura de transporte sostenible
Desafíos claves de ALC:
Para el 2010, el 79% de la población de ALC
(cerca de 470.5 millones de personas) estará
en las áreas urbanas.
El transporte crecerá rápidamente en toda ALC
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy
Enfoque del PNUMA en el área de
transporte
EVITAR–evitar emisiones provenientes del
transporte mientras se continúa facilitando la
movilización de las personas, bienes e
información
CAMBIAR– hacer el cambio de medios de
transporte que gastan más energía y son
dañinos al ambiente, a medios de transporte
menos contaminantes y más eficientes
LIMPIAR– reducir su impacto haciendo que el
transporte sea más limpio, mediante el uso
de tecnologías, políticas y sistemas de
planificación
49
1
2
Contenido
• Relación entre comercio y CPS
• Certificaciones y comercio: experiencia de ecoetiquetado
• Productos agrícolas sostenibles / orgánicos y el
comercio
• Practicas de sostenibilidad ambiental y social
de las empresas y accesos a mercados
• Sostenibilidad en los “retail”
Panel Temático 3:
Comercio
Mesa Redonda Nacional de Consumo
y Producción Sostenibles
México D.F.
3
CPS es un desafío global
4
Eco-etiquetado y certificación
• La fase de consumo contribuye por al menos el 60% al
impacto ambiental a lo largo del ciclo de vida
• Necesidad de promover el apoyo mutuo de comercio, ambiente y desarrollo
• Eco-etiquetas: instrumentos voluntarios y basados en el mercados, que
consideran los impactos ambientales de los productos a lo largo de sus ciclos
de vida, promoviendo la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos naturales en los
procesos productivos, permitiendo a los consumidores tomar decisiones
informadas en sus compras. Promover la efectividad como herramientas de
mercado.
• Se evidencia una clase de consumidores globales emergente
• El comercio ofrece oportunidades para mejorar el desempeño
ambiental de los productos en todo el mundo beneficiando de
la demanda de productos más amigables con el ambiente de
los consumidores
• Necesidad de promover el acceso de los productos amigables con el ambiente
de los países en desarrollo a los mercados regionales, europeos y globales.
• Proyecto de eco-etiquetado del PNUMA: responder a las necesidades de los
países a través del desarrollo de capacidades y la asistencia técnica a las
empresas para cumplir con el eco-etiquetado, y para los gobiernos con el fin
de crear condiciones favorables y mejorar el conocimiento para participar en
las negociaciones internacionales.
• El eco-etiquetado es un elemento importante del CPS –
ofrece un punto de contacto entre los patrones de
producción y consumo
5
6
Agricultura y pesca sostenibles
Desafíos:
• Información: acceso a información coherente, creíble y clara con relación a
los programas, requisitos y mercados para el eco-etiquetado
• Desarrollo de capacidades: apoyo completo, coordinado y basado en las
necesidades para desarrollar empresas sostenibles
• Marco político: integración de marcos políticos favorables.
Oportunidades:
•
•
•
•
•
Producción de productos de alto valor (referencias ambientales);
Aumento de la competitividad internacional y acceso a los mercados de
los productos finales
Reducción de los impactos ambientales de las empresas productoras
Mejora de la integración económica regional
Propuesta innovadoras en comparación con otros países.
• Incluir la sostenibilidad en la agenda del sector agrícola y pesca para
gobiernos, productores e instituciones relacionadas en los países en
desarrollo
• Creación de un ambiente favorable a la implementación de mejores
practicas de manejo por parte de los pequeños productores / PyMEs
del sector y apoyo en la inclusión de la sostenibilidad en los sistemas
de producción y procesamiento
• Creación de valor para los productores / pescadores en el mercado,
a través de adopción de certificaciones o otras herramientas de
mercado para promover la sostenibilidad de sus productos y
aumentar su presencia en el mercado
• Desarrollar y probar caminos novedosos para la sostenibilidad
analizando incentivos disponibles para promover la implementación
de buenas practicas ambientales en la cadena de proveedores de la
agro-industria y ecosistemas.
50
• “Establecer cadenas de proveedores en el
sector agrícola y de la pesca sostenible y
eficientes en el uso de recursos” (desde
2009)
• La producción de arroz en Tailandia es un
clásico ejemplo de modelo de relación
comercial Nord – Sur en donde el mercado
ha determinado un estimulo para la
inclusión de practicas de gestión sostenible.
Proyecto de agroindustria
7
8
Socios en los países
BRASIL
• Pesca de la langosta – pesca más lucrativa
• Trabajo con Ministerio de Pasca y Ministerio de
Ambiente
• Alianza de los sectores públicos y privados para
implementar iniciativas pilotos
Resultados esperados:
TAILANDIA
• Mayor exportador de arroz en el mundo
• Producción con importantes impactos en usos
de recursos y contaminación
• Socios del proyecto seguirán después de la
iniciativa piloto para establecer la “Sustainable
Rice Initiative”.
La implementación de un paquete
integrados de medidas que favorecen la
implementación de sostenibilidad en la
cadena de proveedores y en las
comunidades que dependen de ellas,
basado en un acuerdo entre los actores
involucrados.
9
10
Responsabilidad Social y Ambiental de
las Empresas
Grupo de trabajo de Agri-food
• Primera reunión de discusión: 11 – 12 de noviembre en
Ginebra, con la participación de gobiernos, IGOs, sector
privado y sociedad civil
• Desarrollar una alianza para ofrecer insumos e
implementar actividades finalizadas a incluir SCP en los
sistemas agri-food.
• Insumos al 10YFP para CDS 19 – 2011.
• Desarrollo de una agenda estratégica
– Incubadora del GRI en 1990s
– Trabajo con el GRI en el desarrollo de reportes integrados y guías
sectoriales
– Trabajo con el UN Global Compact en sensibilización
– Diagnósticos en los avances de la producción de reportes (con
Sustainability, Accountability y GRI)
– Negocios y Biodiversidad: desarrollo de nuevos enfoques para la
producción de reportes con el WRI
• Apoyo a la diseminación y capacitación
– Desarrollo de herramientas de uso eficiente de recursos en las
empresas que incluyen el contexto RSE (PRE SME)
– Apoyo en iniciativas de diseminación y capacitación a nivel regional y
nacional
11
Sostenibilidad en los “retail”
– Disponibilidad de informaciones y capacitaciones para apoyar
el sector a controlar sus propios impactos ambientales y
sociales
– Subraya las medidas principales que se pueden implementar
para “enverdecer” la cadena de proveedores y promover el
desarrollo de productos y servicios sostenibles
– Estimular el sector para facilitar la compra por parte de los
consumidores de productos amigables con el ambiente y la
promoción de un comportamiento responsable en las mismas
instalaciones de los retails (sistema de devolución, promoción
de reutilización de los bolsos, …)
51
2
1
Contenido
• Estilos de vida sostenibles y consumo
sostenible
• Campañas de promoción y educación de
consumo y estilos de vida sostenibles
• Sostenibilidad en la comunicación y mercadeo
• Compras publicas sostenibles
Panel temático 4:
Consumo
Mesa Redonda Nacional de Consumo
y Producción Sostenibles
México D.F.
1
4
3
Explorar y crear oportunidades
Apoyando estilos de vida y consumo
sostenibles
• Entender la percepción y actitud de los consumidores
– Encuesta Global sobre Estilos de Vida Sostenibles
(GSSL): encuesta en 20 países, basada en las
percepción y actitudes de los jóvenes hacia
escenarios de estilo de vida
– GSSL en México – 1342 respuestas: respuestas
recogidas a través de los campus de la UNAM en
Ciudad de México y otras áreas urbanas en
Cuernavaca, Morelia and Querétaro (resultados
disponibles en Enero 2011)
• Innovación social y escenarios sostenibles
– Comunidades Creativas en Estilos de Vida
Sostenibles: investigación para identificar y promover
buenas practicas de Brasil, China, India and África con
relación a soluciones cotidianas impulsadas por las
comunidades finalizadas a la sostenibilidad (grupos
de compra cooperativos, intercambios de comercio
local, centros para niños, autos en común)
• Planificación de las sociedades / infraestructuras
para promover estilos de vida sostenibles
• Oferta de productos y servicios sostenibles
• Innovación social y eco-diseño
• Incentivos, información, sensibilización,
educación
• Desarrollo de capacidades
• Cooperación con múltiples actores a nivel
regional, nacional y local
• Investigación sobre normas sociales y valores
culturales
5
Educación y Sensibilización
•
•
Jóvenes por el Cambio
– Una herramienta de formación de formadores, para jóvenes,
educadores y enseñantes para explicar los desafíos y
oportunidades de los estilos de vida sostenibles y del consumo
en el marco de la vida cotidiana;
– Empodera los jóvenes para la acción y como futuros tomadores
de decisiones
– YXC tiene como grupo meta los jóvenes de 15-25 años, clase de
consumidores urbanos a nivel global.
– YXC es presente en 45 países de todas las regionales, ha sido
traducido en más de 20 idiomas
– YXC fu adaptado a México (2008)
Here and Now! (Aquí y ahora) Educación para el Consumo
Sostenible (ECS)
– Guías y recomendaciones para integrar la ECS en la educación
formal y estrategias de DS y practicas de enseñanza, enfocado a
desarrolladores de políticas y educadores
– 3 proyectos pilotos nacionales en 2011: progresos en el
desarrollo de una política e implementación de ECS
Campaña del Pasaporte Verde
Vacaciones para un planeta viviente
6
• Objetivo
– Sensibilizar los turistas sobre su contribución potencial al desarrollo
sostenible a través de decisiones responsables en la selección de sus
vacaciones
• Contenidos
– Incluye 5 fases
• Planeación del viaje
• Como llegar
• Visitar
• Antes de regresar
• Después de mi viaje
– El Pasaporte Verde evidencia también la relación
entre cambio climático y las decisiones de
vacaciones
52
Alianza para la Educación e Investigación sobre
Vida Responsable (PERL)
7
8
Hablar a los consumidores
Mercadeo, Comunicación e Información
Programas
- Educadores, investigadores
y profesionales de más de
100 instituciones en más de
40 países
- PNUMA, Grupo de Trabajo
de Marrakech sobre Estilos de
Vida Sostenibles (Suecia),
Grupo de Trabajo de
Marrakech sobre ECS (Italia),
UNESCO, Consumidores
Internacionales …
Reflexión e implementación: investigación de desarrollo, análisis
de políticas y recomendaciones
Promover estilos de vida sostenibles: proyectos en el mundo que
ofrecen datos para la investigación y oportunidades de enseñar
Beneficios de SPP
 Contribuye a la justicia social / inclusión y sostenibilidad ambiental








Comunicaciones Sostenibles. Una caja de herramientas para
cursos de marketing y publicidad
•
Nuevo proyecto: alianza para el Mercadeo Sostenible
– CD-ROM para desarrollar la capacidad de profesores y estudiantes en
mercadeo y comunicación sobre sostenibilidad (educación superior)
Comunicación y multimedia: preparar y diseminar métodos y
materiales PERL
Los gobiernos son los mayores
consumidores de bienes y servicios,
con un poder de compra que
representa del 15 al 25 % del PIB de
la mayoría de los países

•
Educación para el vivir responsable: crear materiales y
metodologías para los consumidores y la educación sobre
consumo sostenible
Compras Publicas Sostenibles
Promueve la conformidad con la legislación ambiental y social, respeto de los compromisos legales internacionales y nacionales
Demuestra gobiernos que responden a compromisos sociales y
ambientales
Conformidad con las normas y valores de las comunidades
Conformidad con las expectativas de los donantes internacionales
Gastos públicos más efectivos
Superar los limites puestos sobre los gastos directos por las limitaciones presupuestarias
Promueve los mercados más concientes en temas ambientales y
sociales
Aumento de demanda / oferta de productos que contribuyen al cumplimento de los objetivos sociales y ambientales
Desarrollo de estándares e información para uso de los otros consumidores
Aumento de la cooperación estratégica y dialogo con los proveedores
Talk the Walk: Promover Estilos de Vida Sostenibles a trabes del
Mercadeo y la Comunicación
– Análisis de las diferentes estrategias y campañas de mercado de
empresas pioneras y grupos de promoción en sectores como ropas,
cosméticos, retail de alimentos, autos, etc.
– Mensajes caves para comunicar efectivamente y una caja de
herramientas practicas para profesionales
Innovación social: dar visibilidad a las comunidades creativas
che inventan de forma colaborativa nuevas formas de vivir
– Una plataforma para seguir las tendencias más recientes en los
comportamientos de los consumidores hacia mercados sostenibles
– Apoyo a campañas de mercadeo efectivas y transparentes para bienes
y servicios sostenibles
Dialogo internacional y consultas: desarrollar investigaciones,
discusiones y debates (desarrollo de redes regionales PERL en
América Latina y Asia Pacifico)

•
1
0
9
La metodología del Grupo de Trabajo de
Marrakech para introducir o desarrollar más SPP
 Principios de
SPP
del estado
 Revisión del Marco
Legal
 Análisis de preparación
del mercado
 Capacitación
 Plan de
implementación
 Implementación
 Análisis
Implementación en cada país
Países pilotos de SPP
Probar el enfoque del SPP del MTF en países pilotos y
desarrollar una revisión del enfoque para mayo de 2011
53

English

Transcription

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