Etude de cas : Reused Sea Container House Site Web : http://www

Etude de cas : Reused Sea Container House
Site Web : http://www.construction21.org/luxembourg/
Reused Sea Container House
PUBLIé PAR GóMEZ GARCíA | 24 JANVIER 13
Type de projet : Construction Neuve
Type de bâtiment : Maison individuelle isolée ou
jumelée
Année de construction : 2012
Zone climatique : CSk
Surface nette : 277 m2
Coût de construction : 156 620 €
Nombre d'unités fonctionnelles : 1 Logement
Coût/m² : 565 €/m2
Coût/Logement : 156 620 €/Logement
, 40400 San Rafael-El Espinar (Segovia), España
// Description
The house is built reusing five shipping containers. The dwelling has been designed to be energy efficient without compromising any
habitable or comfort condition.
The concept behind the design is based on the 4R:
* Reduce intake materials.
* Reuse items with a new purpose.
* Recycle items which have already been used.
* Research
The preferred materials are those that come from a natural source or those materials that come from low cost processing or recycling
process, without falling into radical approaches involving inefficiencies or unbearable overcosts.
Fiabilité des données : Auto-déclaration
// Intervenants
Architecte
Nom : Beades Arquitectos & Salvador Martín Moreno
[email protected]
Site Web : http://www.beadesarquitectos.com/
Promoteur
Nom : Salvador Martín Moreno y María Rosa Liquete Ramos
[email protected]
Démarche développement durable du maître d'ouvrage : The aim of the design was to build a self-sufficient home, using
renewable energy and sustainable materials that would meet at least one of these requirements: natural resources, low cost
production and processing or materials suitable to be reused or recycled.
The design objectives were:
* Avoid falling into sustainability doctrines or fashions that could involve extra costs.
* Selection of natural and low environmental impact materials on equal quality-price ratio.
* Achieve maximum durability with minimal maintenance.
* Reduce environmental impact and building time.
Description architecturale : The building is a self-promoting three storey detached house, one is a semibasement, one above
ground level and another the atic.
The most remarkable fact about the building is that the structural system is a set of used ship containers. The building energy
performance has been carefully designed to achieve an A rating and reduce the CO2 emissions and operating costs.
A square plan shape has been used to achieve minimum heat losses. At the south edge of the square a winter garden has been
attached, to improve heat gain. The ground floor is divided in three areas, one for the main living room and kitchen, and two areas
on the sides for bedrooms that correspond with the containers shape. On the ground floor the containers host facilities and services.
The top floor is an open space connected to the living room.
The design process has involved an extensive data collection and research on container construction, usage, processing and
transport. It has also led to an investigation on compatibility between the containers structural support and enclosure.
Some energy aspects of the project are:
* Alternative energy use: geothermal heat pump for heat, DHW and passive cold.
* Underfloor HVAC with room thermostats.
* Mechanical ventilation heat recovery
* Natural light and ventilation in all rooms.
* Efficient lighting, energy saving lamps with PIR sensor.
* High performance thermal insulation with vapor and air tightness barrier.
* HVAC support with a biomass stove.
Opinion des occupants : It is difficult to do a balanced assessment when you are promoter, owner and architect of the building all
at the same time.
The building is guaranteed to be the result of many hours of research and dedication, not only to the design and calculation, but
also during the construction process itself.
Virtually nothing is left to chance and the results obtained are consistent and even improve the expected results in some aspects.
The behavior of the winter garden at the south façade is particularly noteworthy. It is a magnificent thermal cushion allowing warm
air on sunny and cool days. Measurements have showed temperatures of 35º at midday in the winter garden while it was snowy
outside at 3ºC.
The house has been occupied only on weekends and heated to 22-23°. When the house was left on Sunday, the thermostats were
set to 16 º. Upon return the following weekend the Geothermal heat pump had not been switched on, and the temperature had not
dropped below 19º, thanks to the splendid insulation used and the convective loop between the dwelling and the winter garden. It is
fair to note that these experiences date back from 2011 spring, which are not as severe as those in winter but are harder than the
usual in the rest of Spain.
The building's performance has demonstrated to be specially efficient during the summer, when it has not been necessary using the
Geothermal heat pump in "passive cooling" mode.
// Energie
Consommation énergétique
Besoin en énergie primaire : 32,40 kWh PE/m2/year
Besoin en énergie primaire bâtiment standard : 119,00 kWh PE/m2/year
Méthode de calcul :
Consommation d'énergie finale : 24,40 kWh FE/m2/year
Répartition de la consommation énergétique : Heating Demands: 22.3 kW/m2a Cooling Demands: 0 kW/m2a From PHPP2007:
Specific Demands with Reference to the Treated Floor Area Treated Floor Area: 241,0 m2 Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW,
Heating, Cooling, Auxiliary and Household Electricity): 100 kWh/(m2a) Specific Primary Energy Demand (DHW, Heating and
Auxiliary Electricity): 40 kWh/(m2a)
Performance énergétique de l'enveloppe
UBat de l\'enveloppe : 0,27 W.m-2.K-1
Plus d'information sur l'enveloppe : The envelope has been carefully designed to reduce thermal bridges and insulate the building
to make it energy-efficient. One of the advantages of using used containers is that the containers are virtually airtight, preventing air
infiltration. On the south façade the winter garden define a 77m3 glazed thermal cushion that benefits of the hot back surface of the
stove, the accumulated heat is transferred through a convective loop that circulates warm air inside from above the fireplace and
recovers cold air below it. Wall_01 U = 0.265 W/m2K Wall_02 U = 0.144 W/m2K Roof_01 U = 0.113 W/m2K Roof_02 U = 0.145
W/m2K Ground U = 0.22 W/m2K
Coefficient de compacité du bâtiment : 0,35
// EnR & systèmes
Systèmes
Chauffage :
Pompe à chaleur géothermique
ECS :
Pompe à chaleur
Rafraîchissement :
Aucun système de climatisation
Ventilation :
Double flux avec échangeur thermique
Energies renouvelables :
Chaudière-poele bois
PAC géothermique sur nappe
Production d'énergie renouvelable : 75,00 %
// Environnement
Emissions de GES
Emissions de GES en phase d'usage : 3,20 KgCO2/m2/year
Méthodologie : Calener
Durée de vie du bâtiment (année) : 75,00 year(s)
Analyse du Cycle de Vie :
Eco-matériaux : Although a professional LCA was not realised, the design and construction process has tried to minimize the
amount of materials used. One consequence of the structure used (consisting of used shipping containers transported from a "depot"
at 60 km) is that the building is extraordinarily light, among other things because the foundations are minimized. The analysis of
materials showed the following results: Kg of material used: 208.760Kg Kg of material produced locally: 117.781Kg (56%) Kg reused
material: 20.892Kg (10%) Kg recycled: 13.490Kg (6%) Reusable waste%: 71% Recyclable waste: 14%
Eau et qualité de l'air intérieur, santé et confort
Consommation annuelle d'eau issue du réseau : 130,00 m3
Domestic water demands: 65m3/per/año Gardening water demand: 0.3 m3/m2/año
Qualité de l'air intérieur : The building has a MVHR system that ensures optimal air quality and can recover 85% of the heat from
the inside warm air before being expelled. 10% of the air renewal is taken from the chamber under the suspended floor at
temperatures that are more suitable than the outside air. With outside temperatures of 3º, the air from the chamber has proven to be
at 9º.
// Produits
Geothermal heat pump
Fabricant: Ibergeotermia
Site Internet fabricant: http://www.ibergeotermia.es/
Catégorie de produit:
Description:
Heating by a 10KW geothermal heat pump and a 200l buffer tank to balance the distribution system, including DHW and underfloor
water heating. The energy collection was performed by a vertical closed circuit drilled on the granitic ground. The system uses a
web control software to monitor and control the operation of the geothermal heat pump.
Commentaires:
The dwelling is heated by a geothermal heat pump that involves a DHW storage tank and a buffer tank to balance the distribution
system that includes underfloor heating. The choice of the geothermal system has been made to take advantage of the
extraordinary geological characteristics of the area. This guarantees an adequate heat exchange and high efficiency heat pump.
Being a low temperature the system is optimal for underfloor heating. The energy and environmental benefits of using this
technology are remarkable, it takes advantage of a widely available and renewable local source that also offers high energy
efficiency. The system allows up to 75% saving in heating mode. Given the local climate is not necessary to have an active cooling
system, just using passive cooling by recirculation of antifreeze liquid at the geothermal loop gives enough cool to the house without
switching on the heat pump.
// Coûts
Coût de construction : 156 620 €
// Environnement urbain
Environnement urbain : S. Rafael has a harsh weather with 1320m of altitude. The environment is a urban sprawl of detached
houses built on a northern slope with little sunlight. There are a lot of trees, mostly oaks, and the landscape is dominated by the
peak of the mountain called "Brave Cave" that is 1900m high. Prevailing cold winds come from the NE in the winter, but in summer
the NW wind brings water and storms.
The terrain contains large amounts of granite and over it lays a 1m thick fertile earth surface. Below that the granite disintegrates
becoming more compact as it deepens. Below 3m it is not uncommon to find big granite rocks.
The place is called Arteseros because of the number of wells all over the hillside. The location of the building does not have enough
sunlight on summer because of external barriers and orientation. The lack of sunlight to produce solar energy for DHW is
compensated with other alternative energy systems such as geothermal heat pump or a biomass stove.
Parking : An enclosed garage is avoided to favor more productive service spaces. This has been done to be coherent with the idea
of an energy efficient building and low resource consumption. Below the cantilevered 1st floor there is a large space for maneuver
and parking of vehicles to protect them from the hard winter and the summer sunlight.
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