Physical performance, genes and environment : lesson plan

Emilangues
Physical performance, genes and environment: lesson plan
Documents that prepare for the baccalauréat examination, or that fit this purpose, are in bold type. They can be given to one or two students for
an oral presentation to the class or as a mock exam...
: listening  : reading : writing  : talking
Lesson plan
Main concepts
Documents, resources
Activities
Vocabulary
 In groups, students
training
1) Brainstorming Sport performance is a
complex phenotype
list factors affecting the diet
performance of an
doping
individual in a
outfit
particular sport. We try asthmatic
to classify them into
support
"genetic" and "nonsize, gender
genetic" factors.
breath
2) The
physiology of
great athletes
3) A gene map
a) Gene map for
performance and
health-related
fitness
phenotypes
Sport scientists try to
understand what makes a
great athlete. They all
agree that heredity
matters a lot, but there
are other factors.
A BBC4 radio broadcast called "the science of Students listen to the
sport", part 2: Physiology
radio programme twice
www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/thescienceofspor and answer questions
t_20020416.shtml
(student worksheet
"Physiology of great
athletes").
physical make up
achievement, to achieve
innate
rowing
cycling
weigh(t)
Many genes are known
to be involved in
physical performance,
and their locations are
known too.
Tuomo Rankinen; Molly S. Bray; James M.
 Students answer
Hagberg; Louis PéRusse; Stephen M. Roth;
questions about the
Bernd Wolfarth; Claude Bouchard, "The
document.
Human Gene Map for Performance and HealthRelated Fitness Phenotypes: The 2005 Update",
http://www.medscape.com.
location of gene
number of copies of gene
Physical performance, genes and environment
© 2012 – SCÉRÉN – CNDP
Emilangues
Remarque : Cet article est accessible après
inscription sur le site (utilisez le moteur de
recherche interne du site pour y accéder).
b) Scientific
evidence
4) Impacts of
sport science on
society
One way of investigating
the role of genes is to
compare the performance
of people with different
alleles of a gene. For
such a study, the gene
has to be previously
identified as a possible
factor in performance,
and its alleles have to be
known.
As for the ACE gene, its
role in training is
demonstrated.
Explanation of what
secondary literature is.
Students divide an
academic science article
into its different parts,
presented in a
document.
Then they find answers
- Owen Anderson, “Genetics and Performance”, to a few questions by
http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/0524.htm
reading the "methods"
and "results" sections.
- Page consacrée à la structure des essais
scientifiques sur le site de Kenyon College.
Depuis la page d'accueil, tapez "Structure of a
Scientific Paper" dans le moteur de recherche
interne du site.
Craig Sharp, "Physiology performance
parameters, athleticogenomics – the gene
genie is out of his bottle",
The ACE gene is thought www.pponline.co.uk. Entrer le titre de l'article
to influence the
dans le moteur de recherche interne du site pour
efficiency of respiration y accéder.
in mitochondria.
Students read an
article, translate part of
it and answer scientific
questions.
methods
results
acknowledgements
paper
enhance
efficiency
change
uptake
hence, thus
jargon
respiration, photosynthesis,
mitochondria
amino acid chain, protein
 The ethical issue
addressed at the end of
the article is debated.
Social an ethical
implications of genetic
studies in sport.
 The target audience
is readers of Time for
Physical performance, genes and environment
© 2012 – SCÉRÉN – CNDP
Emilangues
Kids.
5) Doping in sport
a) Some doping
http://www.eirpharm.com
5a) doping
substances
exist
naturally
A list of doping substances, their effects and
substances
in the human body, some side effects, sports where there used.
are medications.
They are used in
different sports,
according to the ability
required by each sport.
All have dangerous side
effects and are illegal.
There are various causes
for doping: looking for
success, keeping up with
competitors...
The Prohibited List (Wada)
5b) definition of a Much harder than it
seems.
Legally,
anything
http://list.wada-ama.org/
doping substance
 Students read the list
and do a language task:
they have to find the
English equivalent of 10
words. (Science: they
focus on one doping
substance and sum up
orally for the rest of the
class. Redundant with
next activity)
to enhance
to steady, to reduce, strength
to recover, accuracy
dehydration, to undergo
chemotherapy
impotence
diabetes, weight lifting
heart rate, blood pressure...
In groups, students
write a dialogue
involving an athlete and
a doping substance. At
least 3 lines per actor.
They mustn’t name the
doping substance in the
dialogue.
Then, they
roleplay the dialogue
and the rest of the class
guesses which
substance the play
refers to.
Discussion
on the prohibited list...
Physical performance, genes and environment
© 2012 – SCÉRÉN – CNDP
Emilangues
5c) doping
controls
c) Doping molecules are
filtered out by the
kidneys. This is how
urine tests can detect
doping. (This principle is
understood through a
presentation of the
urinary system).
Cheating during the test
is avoided by a series of
measures.
Video from the World anti-doping agency
(Wada), the video can be viewed for the Wada
website: http://www.wadaama.org/en/EducationAwareness/Tools/Doping-Control-Video/
Students watch the
5c) The newest
d) Scientists manipulate
the genome of cells to
treat diseases affecting
muscles. Gene doping
may soon become the
newest means of doping.
Article from Scientific American, transformed
and completed by visuals in a PowerPoint
presentation.
Students listen to the
means of doping:
gene doping.
The teacher teaches the biological basis,
possible targets of gene therapy and discusses
the possible use in gene doping, following more
or less the structure of the article.
Student's worksheet: slides with missing words.
Physical performance, genes and environment
video showing a doping
control and list the
sequence of steps in the
procedure. (They also
answer open questions).
They label a diagram
of the urinary system,
using a text.
explanations and fill in
the gaps.
an officer
random
sample
urine
to pour
bladder
kidney
to filter (out)
waste products
to give notice
a form
random
custody
ensure
be accompanied
artery
vein
the elderly
muscular dystrophy
astronauts
disability
a muscle cell
to shorten
to fuse
to proliferate
to inhibit
to deliver
a Trojan horse
a GMO
© 2012 – SCÉRÉN – CNDP
Emilangues
Évaluation
Évaluation des articles, des sketches, du vocabulaire.
Deux alternatives :
- "Natural Advantage" dans l'article Gene Doping de Scientific American, July 2004
- "ACTN Gene Test" advertisement
Physical performance, genes and environment
© 2012 – SCÉRÉN – CNDP