Histoire de l`intégration européenne EU integration Theory
Transcription
Histoire de l`intégration européenne EU integration Theory
Histoire de l’intégration européenne Françoise Berger – Maître de conférence en histoire – Sciences Po Grenoble Franç[email protected] Ce cours propose une étude en trois temps de la construction européenne et de son idée. Tout d’abord les utopies du XIXe siècle et les projets multiples et féconds de l’Entre-deux-guerres. Puis la phase d’élaboration du projet définitif, de l’appel de Churchill en 1946 à la CEE. Enfin, sur fond de Guerre froide, les différentes crises, difficultés et relances qui s’échelonnent de 1958 à nos jours. Il s’agit, entre autres, de comprendre les enjeux, les divergences de conceptions, les causes des crises et les ressorts des relances. Ce cours d’histoire s’appuie, selon les bases de cette discipline, sur l’analyse de multiples documents, tout comme sur la recherche historique actuelle sur les constructions européennes. Tous ces documents et articles, et bien d’autres, se retrouvent sur un site internet dédié qui sert de guide de travail personnel. EU integration Theory Sabine SAURUGGER – Professeure des universités en science politique – Sciences Po Grenoble/IUF [email protected] Since the beginning of European integration processes, analytical as well as normative theories have mushroomed allowing for a structured understanding of this – seemingly new – phenomenon. Today, scholars and students alike are confronted with a very large spectrum of theoretical texts on specific approaches to European integration. This class aims at presenting these approaches in a coherent and critical way. By the end of it, it should allow students to structure empirical material, whether in their professional or research careers, through theoretical reasoning. Three debates based on a theoretical reading of real-world events will help them to prepare to do so. The class will analyse the theories and conceptual approaches in three steps. A first part will concentrate on approaches which question the reasons for states to join regional projects and ask which forms these projects take. A second part then studies the approaches calling for the mainstreaming of EU studies through comparative politics and public policies. In this context sociological approaches seem to be increasingly prominent too. Finally, in a last and third section, ‘new’ international relations approaches, based on norms, comparative regional integration and international political economy will be presented. European economy Alain LAURENT – Maître de conférences HDR en économie – Directeur de l’UFR ESE - UPMF [email protected] Yann ECHINARD – Maître de conférences en économie – Sciences Po Grenoble [email protected] The main goal of this course is to provide students with basic knowledge of the European economy. The following key policies of the European Union will be presented: 1.The original customs union and the current single market ; 2.The fixed exchange rate mechanism and the single currency ; 3. The cornerstone of the Common agricultural policy and its reformed versions; 4. The regional policy and the development aid. 5. The economic governance. As the European economy perspective is also an issue determined by European nation-states, this course will present some national trends: 1. Germany; 2. France; 3. The United Kingdom; 4. The newcomers. EU Law Fabien TERPAN – Maître de conférences en droit public – Sciences Po Grenoble / Chaire Jean Monnet [email protected] This course aims at studying EU law in its political and social context. Is the EU more and more influenced by its Member States and especially the most powerful ones? Do the intergovernmental forms of cooperation and coordination progressively push aside the supranational ‘Community Method’? Is the European Union becoming a federal organization empowered with an extended range of competencies? Can the EU be described as a democracy and an international power? We will try to provide the knowledge, concepts and analytical framework for answering these questions, through an interactive pedagogy based on readings and research papers. The class will analyse EU law in four steps. The first part presents the role of EU law in the integration process. The second part focuses on European governance and looks at the interplay between political institutions. The European legal system is studied in the third part of the class, followed by a fourth part on EU competencies and main policies. Finally, the last part is dedicated to the political/legal nature of the European Union. Compétences professionnelles 20 heures – 5 crédits (sauf parcours recherche) – contrôle continu – semestre 1 Irène LAURENT – Maître de conférences en économie – Sciences Po Grenoble [email protected] Formation : CV, stage, entretiens 10 heures – 1 crédit (sauf parcours recherche) – contrôle continu - semestre 1 Isabelle LIETAR – Pôle emploi Première année (semestre 2) : Europeanisation of public policies Claire Dupuy – Maîtresse de conférences en science politique - Sciences Po Grenoble [email protected] This class takes stock of the growing importance of the European Union to account for domestic policy-making and, specifically, investigates the Europeanization of public policies. The class adresses the following questions: What is Europeanization and how does it proceed (e.g. through intergovernmentalism, judicial decision-making, soft law)? How do European and domestic actors’ resources and strategies, as well as other mediating variables, influence Europeanization processes? What are the domestic impacts of Europeanization processes at the national and subnational levels? Particular attention will be paid to social policy. Droit social de l’Union européenne Dorian GUINARD – Maître de conférences en droit public – Sciences Po Grenoble [email protected] Le cours aborde la dimension sociale au sein du système juridique de l’Union européenne, principalement à travers l’étude du droit de la concurrence, de la commande publique. Il analyse également ce caractère social au sein du marché intérieur en étudiant la notion de prestations sociales, en la rattachant à la liberté de circulation des personnes. La définition et les mécanismes de construction des services sociaux constituent le cœur du séminaire: l’analyse porte ainsi sur la détermination de la notion et sur les conditions de son financement. Contentieux européen Romain TINIERE – Professeur des universités de droit public – UPMF [email protected] Les objectifs de ce cours sont de présenter les principales caractéristiques du contentieux de l’Union européenne, tant dans son aspect proprement européen que dans ses conséquences au niveau national. Après une présentation de la Cour de justice et des principales problématiques auxquelles elle est confrontée, notamment du fait de l’élargissement de l’Union, il s’agira d’aborder les aspects de procédure des différentes voies de droit ouvertes devant la Cour et le Tribunal afin d’en présenter les principaux mécanismes mais aussi d’évoquer les conséquences que l’existence d’un office de juge européen de droit commun ne manque pas d’avoir sur le juge national. S’appuyant aussi souvent que possible sur des exemples jurisprudentiels concrets, cet enseignement doit permettre aux étudiants d’acquérir les compétences suffisantes pour appréhender les différentes facettes du contentieux de l’UE sous leur aspect tant pratique que théorique. Economic governance Yann ECHINARD – Maître de conférences en économie - Sciences Po Grenoble [email protected] The main goal of this course is to present and discuss Europe’s current economic governance which is the result of theoretical influences developed during the 80’s and 90’s (monetarist and new macroeconomic theories) and the result of national political motivations (centralised monetary policy and decentralised fiscal policies). The Treaty of Maastricht reflects this trade-off (Part 1). The crisis of the European Monetary Union started in 2008 showed the lack and failure of European economic governance (Part 2). However, a new dynamic is working and the European economic governance is changing (Part 3). Welfare states in Europe. Typologies, instruments and retrenchments in times of crisis Sonja ZMERLI – Professeur des universités en science politique – Sciences po Grenoble This course offers a substantive overview of welfare states in Europe and the variety of their policy instruments from a comparative perspective. Starting from Esping-Andersen’s ground-breaking theoretical study “Three Worlds of Welfare State Capitalism” this course extends its geographical and theoretical scope to include CEE countries as well as Southern European countries. In light of the financial and economic crises in several European countries, this course furthermore discusses current policies of welfare retrenchment and their political and societal implications. Whether a sufficient common normative ground exists for the formation of a European welfare state can finally be evaluated by and discussed amongst the informed participants. Moreover, this course relies on students’ active involvement and reading of the assigned literature. EU External action Fabien TERPAN – Maître de conférences HDR en droit public – IEPG / Chaire Jean Monnet [email protected] The aim of this class is to study the role played by the European Union in the international arena. We will present the institutions as well as the policies and instruments that help the EU to become an international actor. In particular, the differences between the ‘intergovernmental’ CFSP (Common Foreign and Security Policy) and the ‘supranational’ economic policies (trade, development, humanitarian action…) will be emphasized. And the most recent evolutions such as the creation of the European External Action Service will be scrutinized. Does the EU achieve coherence in external action, both horizontally (coherence between the institutions) and vertically (coherence between the EU and the Member States’ diplomacies)? Is the EU a civilian power or a military power in the making? Is the concept of normative power useful to understand the nature of the EU’s international engagement? What are the main approaches, theories and methodologies used to analyse EU foreign policy? This class will seek to answer these questions, through an interactive pedagogy based on readings and research papers, and will close with an inclass simulation exercise on EU foreign policy decision making. Deuxième année (semestre 3) : Public Opinion in the EU 12 heures – 3 crédits – contrôle continu – semestre 3 Bruno CAUTRES – Chargé de recherche – CNRS – Sciences Po Paris [email protected] The course covers topics related to the public opinion in Europe and towards Europe. It focuses on public opinions towards the EU and European integration as well as political behaviour of Europeans in European elections. An important issue, in particular in the first sessions of the course, will be the question of the support and legitimation processes of citizens towards EU and the trends in public opinions towards EU. The explanations for these trends (economic factors, cultural factors, contextual national factors) will be studied in detail; the question of opinion formation through media coverage of European issues will also be treated. Finally, we will analyse the European elections of June 2014: how to explain the low turnout, the rise of populist/ anti-EU parties? How does this illustrate the fundamental issue of the legitimacy of the EP and the democratic deficit. And, finally, is there a “European voter” ? Interest Groups and Collective Action in the EU 12 heures – 3 crédits – contrôle continu – semestre 3 Sabine SAURUGGER – Professeur des universités en science politique – Sciences Po Grenoble/IUF [email protected] The aim of this class is to study the organisation and the functioning of public and private interest groups (such as trade unions, NGOs, business organisations, firms and social movements) in Europe. We will look both at the establishment of groups as well as their internal and external working methods. Public and private interests contribute to the generation, definition and in particular the perception of issues in the European Union policy making processes. This class will attempt to answer the following questions: Who is represented by interests groups at the EU level? Who intervenes in EU agendasetting processes? How do problems emerge, and are framed by interest groups in the European Union realm? And finally, are interest groups a danger or a force for the European democratic system? Starting from a conceptual and theoretical approach, analysing interest groups both as a notion and as actors in comparative political systems, we will look in a second part of the class at a number of case studies. Parliaments and Parties in the EU 12 heures – 3 crédits – contrôle continu – semestre 3 Christophe BOUILLAUD – Professeur des universités en science politique – Sciences Po Grenoble [email protected] The impact of partisan and ideological orientations tend to be forgotten by mainstream theories of European integration (neofonctionalism, liberal intergovernementalism, neoinstitutionnalism, etc.). In fact, the role of partisan and ideological orientations, be it at the individual level of the « Founding Fathers of Europe » (De Gasperi, Schumann, Spaak, etc.) or at the party level (Christian democrats, socialists, liberals, etc.) is well documented by historians. Each European election since 1979 has been also an occasion to bring to the fore that « parties at the European level » do exist, and, with the political groups inside the European Parliament linked to them, do play a not so trivial role in European governance. So, although on a day to day basis, partisan aspects of European integration are most of the time not mentioned by great medias when (bad?) news on Europe are given, this presentation intends to show that “Europe” has in fact to do with partisan and ideological orientations. “Europe” is so basically a long-term plot by mainstream parties of Western Europe after the WWII against both nationalist and left-of-the-left forces to come to term with the modern democracies’ contradictions of government by the people and government for the people. Both historical and contemporary aspects will be studied. This course will be organized under the form of a reading seminar, and will try to prioritize active methods of learning. Les entreprises et les sociétés dans l’Union européenne 12 heures – 3 crédits – contrôle continu – semestre 3 Hélène CLARET – Maître de conférences HDR en droit privé – Université de Savoie Irène LAURENT - Maître de conférences HDR en économie – Sciences Po Grenoble [email protected] Cet enseignement bi-disciplinaire s’attache à analyser la traduction juridique des principes économiques et les effets économiques des évolutions juridiques sur les acteurs privés. Sous ce prisme, il s’agit de présenter en parallèle les approches juridique et économique de la notion d’entreprise, de la politique de l’Union Européenne à l’égard des entreprises et ses effets sur elles, de la mise en œuvre et des effets de la politique de concurrence européenne envers les entreprises en réseaux, les services d’intérêt économique général, les activités de service. L’évaluation se fera sur le rendu d’un dossier qui, à partir d’une étude de cas et d’une rencontre d’acteurs (professionnels, entreprises locales, collectivités, associations, banques, assurances…), mènera une réflexion sur la pertinence du niveau européen pour l’acteur concerné, les traductions juridiques des principes économiques et les implications économiques des évolutions des règles du droit européen. Politiques européennes de l’environnement 12 heures – 3 crédits – contrôle continu – semestre 3 Jean Paul Bozonnet – Maître de conférences en sociologie – Sciences Po Grenoble Objectifs : présenter les raisons sociales et politiques qui ont conduit aux législations européennes de l’environnement, puis les modalités complexes et les difficultés de leur application. Contenu : L’UE a impulsé les politiques environnementales dans les différents pays membres depuis les années 70, si bien que les décisions prises à l’échelle européenne, conditionnent désormais 85% de la législation des 28 états membres. Une première partie du cours retracera l’histoire de cette construction de politique publique pour en comprendre la logique. Puis une seconde partie analysera le bilan de la situation actuelle en matière d’environnement et présentera les perspectives pour les années à venir. Gestion de projets 24 heures – 6 crédits (sauf parcours recherche) – contrôle continu – semestre 3 Laurent LABROT – Professeur associé (PAST) – Sciences Po Grenoble / Directeur d’EDIAS [email protected] Il s’agit ici de l’équivalent d’une formation proposée par certaines collectivités et cabinets privés et qui vise à permettre l’acquisition des compétences initiales à la conception, montage et conduite de projets européens. Outre un historique de ces programmes, leur typologie, règles et principes de fonctionnement, un regard particulier sera proposé sur la programmation 2007-2013. Seront également abordé les questions des partenariats, zonages, financements et budgets, contrôles, principes de montages écrits et non écrits. Des exemples concrets seront donnés et quelques spécialistes viendront présenter leurs projets afin de donner au contenu un aspect plus concret. Une documentation complète ainsi qu’un carnet d’adresses sera également proposé en complément afin que les participants puissent monter leurs projets à moyen terme. Enfin, des précisions seront données sur les compétences et emplois disponibles dans ce domaine. Séminaire EU Law and Politics 18 heures – 2 crédits – Contrôle continu – Semestre1 Fabien TERPAN – Maître de conférences en droit public – Sciences Po Grenoble [email protected] Sabine SAURUGGER – Professeure des universités en science politique – Sciences Po Grenoble / IUF [email protected] In every political system, the link between law and politics is intimate: decision-making leads to the establishment of law, the basis of government and governance, law, once established influences politics as well as policies and policy-making. In the context of the EU, this co-constitution is no exception. The objective of this seminar is to understand this link, first based on the discussion of a series of academic articles and official texts. Students will learn to master how to analyse this link systematically, in elaborating a rigorous research design in order to study one specific empirical question of their choice linked to the functioning of the EU. They will write an 8000 words essay, either individually or as a small group (max 3 students), based on a theoretical framework, a clear research question and hypotheses and first-hand empirical data. Subjects may range from the role and influence of the Court of Justice of the European Union in EU politics to public policy change or the impact of economic and financial crises at the domestic level. Before handing in the final essay in April, mid-term reports will be presented in class and discussed collectively. Essays may be written in English or in French.