Les corrigés des examens DPECF - DECF

Transcription

48h ap
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1ère Ecole en ligne des professions comptables
Spécialiste des préparations à l'Expertise Comptable
et des formations en compta-gestion via Internet
Les corrigés
des examens
DPECF - DECF
2006
L’école en ligne qui en fait + pour votre réussite
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DPECF 2006
Corrigé de l'UV 5a
Anglais
SESSION 2006
EXPRESSION ET COMMUNICATION ÉPREUVE DE LANGUE VIVANTE ÉTRANGÈRE
ANGLAIS
Durée : 2 heures - Coefficient : 0,5
Matériel autorisé :
Aucun matériel n'est autorisé (agendas, traductrices...).
Les dictionnaires dont interdits.
Stolen jobs?
The rules of free trade apply to services as well as goods
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
In America, in Britain, in Australia, an awful thought has gripped employees in the past six
months or so: India may do for services what China already does for manufacturing. Any
product can be made in China less expensively than in the rich countries. Is it merely a
matter of time before any service that can be electronically transmitted is produced in India
more cheaply too ? As « offshoring » has spread from manufacturing to white-collar
services, so the pressure on legislators to step in has increased.
Manufacturers have used overseas suppliers for years. But now, cheaper communications
allow companies to move back-office tasks such as data entry, call centres and payroll
processing to poorer countries. India has three huge attractions for companies : a large pool
of well-educated young workers, low wages and the English language. But plenty of other
industrialising countries also handle back-office work. Moreover, given the pressure on
costs in rich countries, offshore sourcing of services will grow : a study last year predicted
that 3.3m American jobs (500,000 of them in IT) would move abroad by 2015. And the
quality of outsourcing will improve. Many of the jibes at Indian outsourcing today – about
thick accents and unreliable technology - sound like the jeers at unreliable and ugly
Japanese cars 30 years ago.
No wonder politicians are under pressure to discourage companies from sending service
work abroad. To do so though, would be as self-defeating as stopping the purchase of
goods or components abroad. For although the jobs killed by outsourcing abroad are easy
to spot, the benefits are less visible but even greater.
Like trade in goods, trade in services forces painful redistributions of employment. A study
for the Institute for International Economies found that, in 1979-99, 69% of people who
lost jobs as a result of cheap imports in sectors other than manufacturing found new work.
But those figures are only for America with its flexible job market, and leave a large
minority who did not find new employment. Moreover, 55% of those who found new jobs
did so at lower pay, and 25% took pay cuts of 30% or more. Some of the gains from free
trade need to be used to ease the transition of workers into new jobs.
But those gains are substantial. Some arise simply from organising work in more effective
ways. A fair part of the work that moves abroad represent an attempt by companies to
provide a round-the-clock service, by making use of time zones. To that extent, offshoring
directly improves efficiency.
In addition, a recent report on offshoring estimates that every dollar of costs the United
States moves offshore brings America a net benefit of $1.12 to $ 1.14. Part of this arises
because, as low value added jobs go abroad, labour and investment can switch to jobs that
generate more economic value. This is what has happened with manufacturing :
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1/5
DPECF 2006
Corrigé de l'UV 5a
Anglais
40
45
employment has dwindled, but workers have moved into educational and health services
where pay is higher (and conditions often more agreeable).
What of innovation though ? At present, most new products and services are developed in
the rich world. Many Americans fear that all those bright young Chinese and Indians will
steal not just jobs but the rich world's precious skills.
To such fears are two answers. First, some innovation will undoubtedly move abroad, but
the transfer may be slower and more modest than xenophobes fear. Second, innovation
abroad makes everyone richer. The British once feared the rise of America's industrial
might: today, both nations are vastly wealthier than they were. In services, as in goods,
trade brings benefits too great to refuse.
The Economist December 13th 2003
2/5
DPECF 2006
Corrigé de l'UV 5a
Anglais
Travail à faire par le candidat
I. Compréhension du texte (sur 40 points)
Answer the following questions by using your own words.
1/ What are India's assets as regards offshoring ?
2/ What do some people reproach India with as far as outsourcing is concerned ?
3/What would be the consequence of a ban on outsourcing for industrialised countries ?
4/ What were the consequences of cheap imports in terms of employment and especially of salaries ?
5/ What do some companies do to improve their efficiency ?
6/ Why is offshoring eventually beneficial to the US ? Il What are Americans afraid of ?
8/ What do xenophobes fear?
II. Version (sur 30 points)
Translate the following passages :
1/ "In America, in Britain ...." (line 1) to " .. .more cheaply too ?" (line 5)
2/ "Like trade in goods ..." (line 21) to" ...found new work." (line 23)
3/ "This is what has happened ..." (line 35) to "... more agreeable)." (line 37)
III. Expression (sur 30 points, 150 à 200 mots)
"Trade brings benefits too great to refuse."
Discuss.
3/5
DPECF 2006
Corrigé de l'UV 5a
Anglais
PROPOSITION DE CORRIGE
I. Compréhension du texte
1/ India has three assets to offer to foreign companies that want to relocate abroad: one, India's
workforce is young and qualified; two, Indian workers are inexpensive; three, English is one of the official
languages of the country. (lines 9-10)
2/ Some people do not trust Indian technology, and think bad of the Indian accent. (lines 14-16)
3/ If outsourcing were to be forbidden, the country would be less competitive, and would lose a
considerable amount of money. (line 20)
4/ From 1979 to 1999, about 30% of the working people (except for those in the manufacturing sector)
lost their jobs as a consequence of cheap product imports. And more than half of the remaining 70% who
were able to find a job, had to cope with lower wages. (lines 19-26)
5/ To be more efficient, and thus to increase their profits, some firms use outsourcing as a way to be
better organized, and to fully use the twenty four hours of a day, thanks to the different time zones.
(lines 28-31)
6/ Since it is often low added-value jobs that are relocated abroad, people have to find a new job in
another sector, usually a higher value-added job. At the end of the day, on a global scale, it is beneficial
for the United States to outsource its activities. (lines 32-37)
7/ At the moment, even if the USA moves some of its activities offshore, products and services are still
domestically designed. Americans fear that because the Chinese and Indian people are well-educated
they will start inovating. And then everything from conception to manufacture will take place abroad.
(lines 39-40)
8/ Xenophobes fear that in the short term all inovation will come from India and China. (lines 41-42)
II. Version
1/ Cela fait environ six mois qu'en Amérique, au Royaume-Uni, et en Australie une pensée terrifiante
s'est emparée des employés : l'Inde pourrait être au tertiaire ce que la Chine est déjà au secondaire. La
production de n'importe quel bien est moins coûteuse en Chine que dans les pays riches. N'est-ce plus
qu'une question de temps avant que tout service pouvant être transmis électroniquement soit aussi
fabriqué en Inde pour moins cher ?
2/ Tout comme le marché des biens, le marché des services entraîne un redéploiement forcé et
douloureux du marché du travail. Une étude, conduite pour le compte de l'Institut des économies
internationales, a établi que, entre 1979 et 1999, 69% des gens qui perdaient leur emploi à la suite
d'importations de produits bon marché dans des secteurs autres que le secondaire, finissaient par trouver
un nouvel emploi.
3/ C'est ce qui s'est passé dans le secondaire : le chômage a augmenté, mais les travailleurs ont évolué
vers les domaines de l'éducation et de la santé où les salaires sont meilleurs (et les conditions de travail
souvent plus agréables).
4/5
DPECF 2006
Corrigé de l'UV 5a
Anglais
III. Expression
The main purpose of trade is to create wealth. Today's trade is conducted on a global scale, so
that the question of free trade and its regulations arises. Trade brings drawbacks and advantages to both
rich and poor countries.
The benefits brought by free trade to rich countries are: an access to cheap workforce and
production sites, as well as the opportunity to bring back wealth into the firm and the nation.
Futhermore, trade creates employment in poor or emerging countries, and allows for a flow of money
which can then be redistributed.
However, trade triggers a loss of jobs in entire sectors of activity in rich countries. Excessive
relocating may also threaten the rich countries' hegemony on inovation. Such globalized trade makes rich
countries dependent on foreign workforce. Moreover, in emerging countries free trade often leads to the
exploitation of the people and/or the ressources.
Benefits prove to be true for some, but the distribution is often unfair, that is the reason why
efficient regulating institutions are needed, as well as a redefinition of our own labour market to cope
with the global situation.
Environ 200 mots
5/5

Les corrigés des examens DPECF - DECF

Transcription

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