Bibliography - Dumbarton Oaks

This is an extract from:
Byzantine Garden Culture
edited by Antony Littlewood, Henry Maguire,
and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn
published by
Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
Washington, D.C.
© 2002 Dumbarton Oaks
Trustees for Harvard University
Washington, D.C.
Printed in the United States of America
www.doaks.org/etexts.html
Bibliography
This bibliography, compiled by Antony Littlewood, is not intended to be a complete bibliography,
but merely a guide to further study. Some additional references may be found on pp. 13–21 of this
volume and in the chapters on specific topics.
Primary Texts
Collections
Betts, G. Three Medieval Greek Romances (New York-London, 1995) (English trans. only).
Conca, F. Il romanzo bizantino del XII secolo (Turin, 1994) (text and Italian trans.).
Cupane, C. Romanzi cavallaresci bizantini (Turin, 1995) (text and Italian trans.).
Foss, C. Nicaea: A Byzantine Capital and Its Praises (Brookline, Mass., 1996).
Jeffreys, E. M. An English translation of the Komnenian romances (forthcoming).
Mango, C. The Art of the Byzantine Empire, 312–1453: Sources and Documents (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,
1972; Toronto, 1986) (English trans. of excerpts).
Thomson, M. H. Textes grecs inédits relatifs aux plantes (Paris, 1955) (text and French trans.).
Individual Works
Achilleïs. Text and Italian trans. in Cupane, Romanzi bizantini, 307–443.
Belthandros and Chrysantza. Text and Italian trans. in Cupane, Romanzi bizantini, 215–305; English
trans. in Betts, Three Romances, 1–32.
Bessarion. Encomium of Trebizond, ed. S. P. Lampros, Nevo" ÔEll. 13 (1916): 145–204.
Digenes Akrites. Ed. E.Trapp (Vienna, 1971); text of mainly Grottaferrata version and English trans. by
J. Mavrogordato (Oxford, 1956); English trans. of Grottaferrata and Escorial versions by E. M.
Jeffreys, Cambridge Medieval Texts 7 (1998).
Eugenianos, Niketas. Drosilla and Charikles, text and Italian trans. in Conca, Romanzi bizantini, 305–
497; English trans. in Jeffreys (forthcoming).
Eugenikos, John. Ekphrasis of Petrina, in S. P. Lampros, Palaiologei'a kai; Peloponnhsiakav, vol. 1
(Athens, 1912), 49–55.
Geometres, Ioannes. Descriptions of his private garden in A. R. Littlewood, The Progymnasmata of
Ioannes Geometres (Amsterdam, 1972), 7–13 (no trans.; commentary, 45–60).
Geometres, Ioannes. In H. Maguire, “A Description of the Aretai Palace and Its Garden,” Journal of
Garden History 10 (1990): 209–13 (text and English trans.).
Geoponika. Ed. H. Beckh (Leipzig, 1895); English trans. by Rev. T. Owen, Gewponikav: Agricultural
Pursuits, 2 vols. (London, 1805); Russian trans. by E. E. Lipshits, Geoponiki: Vizantiiskaia
selskokhoziaistvennaia entsiklopediia X veka (Moscow-Leningrad, 1960).
Hyrtakenos,Theodore. Description of the Garden of St. Anna, in J. F. Boissonade, Anecdota Graeca, vol. 3
(Paris, 1831; repr. Hildesheim, 1962), 59–70; English trans. in this volume, 143–50.
Kallimachos and Chrysorrhoë. Text and French trans. in M. Pichard, Le roman de Callimaque et de Chrysorrhoé
(Paris, 1956); text and Italian trans. in Cupane, Romanzi bizantini, 45–213; English trans. in Betts,
Three Romances, 33–90.
232
Bibliography
Laskaris,Theodore. Encomium of Nicaea, text and English trans. in Foss, Nicaea, 132–53.
Libistros and Rhodamne. Text in J. A. Lambert, Le roman de Libistros et Rhodamné (Amsterdam, 1935);
English trans. in Betts, Three Romances, 91–192; Italian trans. in V. Rotolo, Libistro e Rodamne:
Romanzo cavalleresco bizantino (Athens, 1965).
Liudprand. Ed. J. Becker, Die Werke Liudprands von Cremona, Monumenta Germaniae historica, Scriptores
rerum Germanicarum (Hannover-Leipzig, 1915); English trans. by F. A. Wright, The Works of
Liudprand of Cremona (London, 1930).
Makrembolites, Eustathios (or Eumathios). Hysmine and Hysminias, text and Italian trans. in Conca,
Romanzo bizantino, 499–687; English trans. in Jeffreys (forthcoming).
Meliteniotes,Theodore(?). Sophrosyne, text in E. Miller, Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la bibliothèque
impériale et autres bibliothèques 19.2 (Paris, 1858): 1–138; English trans. of relevant portions in this
volume, 151–58.
Mesarites, Nikolaos. Text and English trans. in G. Downey, “Nikolaos Mesarites: Description of the
Church of the Holy Apostles at Constantinople,” TAPS, n.s., 47 (1957), secs. 3–5, pp. 897–98
(trans., 862–65).
Metochites, Theodore. Encomium of Nicaea, text and English trans. in Foss, Nicaea, 164–95.
Metochites,Theodore.Text of poem describing his own palace in R. Guilland,“Le palais de Théodore
Métochite,” REG 35 (1922): 82–95.
Philes, Manuel. Carmina 62. Text in E. Miller, Manueli Philae Carmina, vol. 2 (Paris, 1857), 127–31;
partial English trans. in Mango, Art of the Byz. Empire, 248.
Psellos, Michael. Chronographia, ed. S. Impellizzeri, 2 vols. (Venice, 1984); ed. with French trans. by E.
Renauld, 2 vols. (Paris, 1926–28); English trans. by E. R. A. Sewter (London, 1953).
Theophanes Continuatus. Ed. I. Bekker (Bonn, 1838) (with Latin trans.: scattered references are main
source of information on gardens of the Great Palace).
Theoretikon Paradeission. Ed. M. H. Thomson, Le jardin symbolique (Paris, 1960) (with French trans.;
reedited with English trans. as The Symbolic Garden: Reflections Drawn from a Garden of Virtue: A
XIIth Century Greek Manuscript [North York, Ont., 1989]).
Surveys
Brubaker, L., and A. R. Littlewood. “Byzantinische Gärten,” in M. Carroll-Spillecke, ed., Der Garten
von der Antike bis zum Mittelalter (Mainz am Rhein, 1992), 213–48 (with 8 black-and-white and
7 color illustrations and a bibliography).
Gothein, M. L. Geschichte der Gartenkunst, vol. 1 (Jena, 1914; 2d ed., 1926), 143–48, 425 (English
trans. by Mrs. [L.] Archer-Hind, A History of Garden Art [London-Toronto-New York, 1928],
137–42).
Hennebo, D. Gärten des Mittelalters (Munich-Zurich, 1987), 117–33 (note warning of J. WolschkeBulmahn,“The Study of Byzantine Gardens: Some Questions and Observations from a Garden
Historian,” in this volume, 6 n. 16).
Koukoules, Ph. I. Buzantinw'n bivo" kai; politismov", vol. 4 (Athens, 1951), 315–17; vol. 5 (Athens,
1952), 88–110, 280–95.
Littlewood, A. R. “Gardens of Byzantium,” Journal of Garden History 12 (1992): 126–53 (shares much
material with Brubaker and Littlewood, “Byzantinische Gärten,” above; with 34 black-andwhite illustrations).
Bibliography
233
There are also brief surveys of Byzantine gardens in Lexikon der Christlichen Ikonographie, vol. 2 (Rome,
1970), 77–81 (“Garten,” E. Börsch-Supan); ibid., vol. 3 (1971), 375–84 (“Paradies,”“Paradiesflüsse,” J.
Poeschke); Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum, vol. 8 (Stuttgart, 1972), 1048–61 (J. Schneider); The
Oxford Companion to Gardens (Oxford, 1986), 86–87 (A. R. Littlewood); Lexikon des Mittelalters, vol.
4.6 (Munich-Zurich, 1988), 1124 (C. Cupane); Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, vol. 2 (New York,
1991), 822 (J. W. Nesbitt and A. P. Kazhdan); Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition, vol. 1
(London-Chicago, 2000), 642–44 (A. R. Littlewood); Encyclopedia of Gardens: History and Design (forthcoming, A. R. Littlewood).
Art
There is no surviving Byzantine work of art in any medium that gives us a view of a complete
garden, but details of gardens and vegetation commonly associated with them are often shown.There
has, however, been no attempt to collect a representative survey of these (although A. R. Littlewood
is [2001] in the very early stages of planning one such), but, in addition to L. Brubaker and A. R.
Littlewood, “Byzantinische Gärten,” in M. Carroll-Spillecke, ed., Der Garten von der Antike bis zum
Mittelalter (Mainz am Rhein, 1992), 213–48, and A. R. Littlewood, “Gardens of Byzantium,” Journal
of Garden History 12 (1992): 126–53, the following contain relevant artistic material.
Berchem, M. van. “The Mosaics of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and of the Great Mosque in
Damascus,” in K. A. C. Creswell, Early Muslim Architecture, 2d ed., vol. 1.2 (Oxford, 1969), 213–
372.
Deichmann, F. W. Frühchristliche Bauten und Mosaiken von Ravenna (Baden-Baden, 1958).
———. Ravenna, Hauptstadt des spätantiken Abendlandes, 2 vols. (Wiesbaden, 1969–89).
Dunbabin, K. M. D. The Mosaics of North Africa: Studies in Iconography and Patronage (Oxford, 1978).
Evans, H. C., and W. D. Wixom. The Glory of Byzantium, exhibition catalogue, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, 1997).
Galavaris, G. The Illustrations of the Liturgical Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus (Princeton, N.J., 1969).
Gerstinger, H. Die Wiener Genesis (Vienna, 1931).
———. Dioscorides: Codex Vindobonensis med. gr. 1 der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, vol. 2 (Graz,
1970) (superb facsimile edition of 6th-century Byzantine ms. of Dioskorides’ herbal).
Hahn, C. “The Creation of the Cosmos: Genesis Illustration in the Octateuchs,” CahArch 28 (1979):
29–40.
O[mont], H. Évangiles avec peintures byzantines du XIe siècle, 2 vols. (Paris, 1908) (black-and-white
illustrations of cod. Paris gr. 74).
Pelekanidis, S. M., P. C. Christou, Ch.Tsioumis, and S. N. Kadas, The Treasures of Mount Athos, 4 vols.
(Athens, 1974–91) (contains numerous relevant illustrations in color).
Items on Specific Topics
Barber, C. “Reading the Garden in Byzantium: Nature and Sexuality,” BMGS 16 (1992): 1–19.
Beyer, H.-V. “Der ‘Heilige Berg’ in der byzantinischen Literatur, I. Mit einem Beitrag von Katja
Sturm-Schnabel zum locus amoenus einer serbischen Herrscherurkunde,” JÖB 30 (1981): 171–
205.
Blagojeviç, M. Zemljoradnja y Srednjovekovnoj Srbiji (Belgrade, 1973) (with English summary).
234
Bibliography
Booth, A. P. “The Symbolic Garden, a Practical Guide for the Care of the Soul,” Cahiers des études
anciennes 34 (1998): 15–19.
Brett, G. “The Automata in the Byzantine ‘Throne of Solomon,’” Speculum 29 (1954): 477–87.
Bryer, A. A. M.“Byzantine Agricultural Implements:The Evidence of Medieval Illustrations in Hesiod’s
Works and Days,” BSA 81 (1986): 45–80.
Dalby, A. Siren Feasts: A History of Greek Food and Gastronomy (London, 1996), 187–211, 262–66.
Demoen, K., “Classicizing Elements in John Geometres’ Letters about his garden,” Praktika; IA ‰
Dieqnou'" Sunedrivou Klassikw'n Spoudw'√, Kabavla 24–30 Aujgouvstou 1999, vol. 1 (Athens,
2001), 215–30.
Djurić, S. “Ateni and the Rivers of Paradise in Byzantine Art,” Zograf 20 (1989): 22–29.
Doughty, D. “Oases in the Rock: The Gardens of the High Sinai,” Aramco World 46.2 (March–April
1995): 20–27 (traditional agriculture and gardening of modern Jabaliyyah Bedouin near the
monastery of St. Catherine).
Hesychakis, M., “Garden Design in Renaissance Crete,” Abstracts, 9th International Congress of
Cretan Studies, Elounda, 1–6 October 2001, Iraklion (2001): 148
Hirschfeld, Y. The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period (New Haven, Conn.-London,
1992) (see index).
Janin, R. Constantinople byzantine, 2d ed. (Paris, 1964).
Kaplan, M. Les hommes et la terre à Byzance du VIe au XIe siècle: Propriété et exploitation du sol (Paris,
1992).
Karpozilos, A. “Realia in Byzantine Epistolography, X–XII c.,” BZ 77 (1984): 20–37 (21–23 on
garden produce as gifts, etc.).
———. “Realia in Byzantine Epistolography, XIII–XVc.,” BZ 88 (1995), 68–84, esp. 72–77, 80–81.
Kazhdan, A. P. Agrarnye otnossheniia v Vizantii XIII–XIV vv. (Moscow, 1952).
———. Derevnia i gorod v Vizantii IX–X vv. (Moscow, 1960).
Koder, J. Gemüse in Byzanz: Die Versorgung Konstantinopels mit Frischgemüse im Lichte der Geoponika,
Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber, Ergänzungsband 3 (Vienna, 1993).
———. “Fresh Vegetables for the Capital,” in C. Mango and G. Dagron, eds., Constantinople and Its
Hinterland (Aldershot, 1995), 49–56.
———. ÔO khpouro;" kai; hJ kaqhmerinh; kouzivna sto; Buzantinov (Athens, 1994).
Kondov, N. K. Ovoshtarstvoto v bulgarskite zemi prez srednovekovieto (Sophia, 1969).
Laiou-Thomadakis, A. E. A Study of Peasant Society in the Late Byzantine Empire (Princeton, N.J.,
1977).
Langkavel, B. A. Botanik der spaeteren Griechen vom dritten bis dreizehnten Jahrhunderte (Berlin, 1866;
repr. Amsterdam, 1964).
Lemerle, P. The Agrarian History of Byzantium from the Origins to the Twelfth Century (Galway, 1979).
Littlewood, A. R. “The Symbolism of the Apple in Byzantine Literature,” JÖB 23 [1974]: 33–59.
———.“Romantic Paradises:The Rôle of the Garden in the Byzantine Romance,” BMGS 5 (1979):
95–114.
———.“A Byzantine Oak and Its Classical Acorn:The Literary Artistry of Geometres, Progymnasmata
1,” JÖB 29 (1980): 133–44.
———. “The Erotic Symbolism of the Apple in Late Byzantine and Meta-Byzantine Demotic
Literature,” BMGS 17 (1993): 83–103.
———. “Gardens of the Palaces,” in H. Maguire, ed., Byzantine Court Culture from 829 to 1204
(Washington, D.C., 1997), 13–38 (with 8 black-and-white illustrations).
Bibliography
235
Maguire, H. Art and Eloquence in Byzantium (Princeton, N.J., 1981), 42–52, 107–8 (with black-andwhite illustrations).
———. Earth and Ocean:The Terrestrial World in Early Byzantine Art (University Park, Pa., 1987) (with
black-and-white illustrations; see also index, s.v. Paradise).
———. “Adam and the Animals: Allegory and the Literal Sense in Early Christian Art,” DOP 41
(1987): 363–73.
———. “Imperial Gardens and the Rhetoric of Renewal,” in P. Magdalino, ed., New Constantines:
The Rhythm of Imperial Renewal in Byzantium, 4th–13th Centuries (Aldershot, 1994), 181–97.
———. “Gardens and Parks in Constantinople,” DOP 54 (2000): 251–64.
Miranda, S. Les palais des empereurs byzantins, new ed. (Mexico City, 1965).
Patrich, J. Sabas, Leader of Palestinian Monasticism: A Comparative Study in Eastern Monasticism, Fourth to
Seventh Centuries (Washington, D.C., 1995) (see index).
Psichari, J. “L’arbre chantant,” in Mélanges offerts à M. Emile Chatelain (Paris, 1910), 626–33.
Rice, D. Talbot, et al. The Great Palace of the Byzantine Emperors, Second Report (Edinburgh, 1929).
Rouillard, G. La vie rurale dans l’empire byzantin (Paris, 1953).
Schilbach, E.,“.. . Folgte dem Worte des Erlösers ein symphonisches Fröschequaken: Naturerfahrung,
Naturgefühl, Naturerkenntnis in einer Umbruchszeit,” Buzantinav 21 (2000): 331–60.
Schissel, O. Der byzantinische Garten: Seine Darstellung im gleichzeitigen Romane, Akademie der
Wissenschaften Wien, Philosophisch-historische Klasse 221.1 (Vienna-Leipzig, 1942).
Singer, C. “The Herbal in Antiquity and Its Transmission to the Later Middle Ages,” JHS 47 (1927):
1–52.
Strzygowski, J. “Der Pinienzapfen als Wasserspeier,” Römische Mitteilungen 18 (1903): 185–206.
Teall, J. “The Byzantine Agricultural Tradition,” DOP 25 (1971): 35–59.
Wolschke-Bulmahn, J. “Zwischen Kepos und Paradeisos: Fragen zur byzantinischen Gartenkultur,”
Das Gartenamt 4 (1992): 221–28 (with bibliography).
———. “Neuere Forschungen zur byzantinischen Gartenkultur,” Stadt und Grün 8 (1997): 573–78.