PHOTOCHEM – Antioxidants and Free Radicals

®
PHOTOCHEM
Info
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Table of contents:
PHOTOCHEM - Antioxidants and Free Radicals
1. Basics of antioxidant measurements...................................................................................... 3
1.1. reactive oxidative substances ROS and free Radicals .................................................... 4
1.2. Antioxidative System:...................................................................................................... 5
2. PHOTOCHEM® - Measurement of Water-soluble and Lipid-soluble Antioxidative Capacity ... 6
3. Measurement schematics ...................................................................................................... 6
4. Measurement principles......................................................................................................... 8
4.1. ACW mode ..................................................................................................................... 8
4.2. ACL mode....................................................................................................................... 9
4.3. Analysis of Antioxidants .................................................................................................. 9
5. Calculation of the Antioxidative capacity .............................................................................. 11
5.1. Calculation for solid samples: ....................................................................................... 11
5.2. Calculation for liquid samples: ...................................................................................... 11
6. Reaction schematics............................................................................................................ 12
7. Target Groups, Applications, and Benefits ........................................................................... 13
7.1. Current Research Projects............................................................................................ 14
7.2. Anwendungsgebiete / Zweck/Nutzen ............................................................................ 15
8. Application Notes................................................................................................................. 18
9. Publications ......................................................................................................................... 20
9.1. English publications ...................................................................................................... 20
9.2. German Publications..................................................................................................... 22
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PHOTOCHEM - Antioxidants and Free Radicals
1.
Basics of antioxidant measurements
The antioxidant system of living organisms includes enzymes such as superoxide dismutase,
catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, macromolecules such as albumin, ceruloplasmin, and
ferritin, and an array of small molecules, including ascorbic acid, -tocopherol, -carotene,
reduced glutathione, uric acid, and bilirubin.
The sum of endogenous and food-derived antioxidants represents the total antioxidant activity of
the extracellular fluid. Cooperation of all the different antioxidants provides greater protection
against attack by reactive oxygen or nitrogen radicals, than any single compound alone. Thus,
the overall antioxidant capacity may give more relevant biological information compared to that
obtained by the measurement of individual components, as it considers the cumulative effect of
all antioxidants present in plasma and body fluids.
Free Radicals:
Short-lived (1, 10-3 – 10-10 s) molecules and ions having at least one unpaired electron
in the atomic electron shell.
Paramagnetic – Detection through Electron Spin Resonance ESR
Initiation of chain reactions ....
Generation:
Homolytic bond cracking: Thermal, chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, radiation
Endogenous: Respiratory chain, extermination of pathogens
Exogenous: Nitrogen oxides, ozone, pesticides, UV radiation, gamma radiation
Effects:
Damage of proteins, DNA, lipid components of cell membranes
Ageing, cancer, asthma, atherosclerosis, cardiac infarction, arthritis
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1.1.
reactive oxidative substances ROS and free Radicals
Free Radicals:
Short-lived (1, 10-3 – 10-10 s) molecules and ions having at least one unpaired electron in the
atomic electron shell. Initiation of chain reactions ....
Superoxid-Anion Radical
O• 2
Hydroxylradical
HO•
Peroxidradical
ROO•
Hydrogen peroxide
H2O2
Ozone
O3
Singulet oxygen
1
O2
Hydrogen radical
H•
Methyl radical
CH•3
Generation:
Homolytic bond cracking: Thermal, chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, radiation
Endogenous: Respiratory chain, extermination of pathogens
Exogenous: Nitrogen oxides, ozone, pesticides, UV radiation, gamma radiation
Effect:
Damage of proteins, DNA, lipid components of cell membranes
Ageing, cancer, asthma, atherosclerosis, cardiac infarction, arthritis
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1.2.
Antioxidative System:
Protection against uncontrolled oxidation – by detoxification, compartmentation,
utilization repair
Radicals + ROS
Antioxidative
endogenous
Respiration, Immune
system, oxidative burst
Potential
of
exogenous
Ionizing Radiation, UV,
Metals, environmental
noxae
Living
organism
Oxidative Stress
Antioxidative System
Important factors for the detoxification:
Enzymatic
Non-enzymatic / Antioxidants ROS
Superoxiddismutase
Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C)
Glutathionperoxidase
α-Tocopherol (Vit. E)
Provitamin A, Carotenoids
Katalase
Urate
Bilirubin, Ubichinone
Flavonoide, Polyphenolics
Trolox, BHT, BHA
Trace elements
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2.
PHOTOCHEM® - Measurement of Water-soluble and Lipid-soluble
Antioxidative Capacity
PHOTOCHEM
3.
Measurement schematics
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Combination of:
1. Photochemical generation of radicals – simple, fast and reliable
2. Chemiluminometric detection – very sensitive technique
Reaction principle:
Reaction accelerated by approx. 1000 times compared with normal conditions
10 -1000 times reduction of measurement time compared to other methods
Optical excitation of a photosensitizer substance S and subsequent generation of the
superoxide anion radicals
S + hν + O 2 → [S*O 2 ] → S • + + O 2 • Detection of the radicals (left after the reaction with antioxidants) by means of a
chemiluminogenic substance (Luminol)
Principle of the PCL-Method:
water+lipid soluble AO,
Superoxiddismutase
Photosensitizer, hν
Chemiluminescence
S + hν
ν + O2 → [S*O2] → S• + O2
+
O2 + D → ... → hν
ν2
.
.
1
(S + O2)
S - Photosensitizer
D - Radikal-Detector
AO - Antioxidants
Scheme PCL-Method
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4.
Measurement principles
Measurement of Non-enzymatic antioxidants in various matrices
ACW - Antioxidative Capacity in water-soluble substances
ACL - Antioxidative Capacity in lipid-soluble substances
4.1.
ACW mode
Antioxidative Capacity in water-soluble substances
-
Calculation of the 1st deflection of the measured
curve
Determination of the inflection point
Calculation of the slope
The interception point of the tangent with the xcoordinate defines the Lag phase - Lag
Parameter for ACW is: LagP - Lag0
Calibration with Ascorbic Acid in the ACW mode
Ascorbic Acid [nM]
-8-
Lag-Lag0
0,5
37,0
1,0
64,8
1,5
87,5
2,0
114,0
4.2.
ACL mode
-
Calculation of the integral under the curve
(Blank – sample curve) ID = I0 - IP
A typical interval is 100- 180 sec
ACL parameter is: ID / I0 = Inhibition
Calibration with Trolox in the ACL mode
Trolox [nM]
0,5
1,0
2,0
4.3.
Analysis of Antioxidants
Quantification of Antioxidative capacity
Antioxidants, Enzymes
Radical
Generator
Radical –
Detector
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Inhibition
0,333
0,570
0,815
Situation:
Many complicated laboratory methods, requiring special familiarization
No rationalization possible in routine laboratory
Very long measuring time, 15 –60 min, or evenm days per individual sample
No measurement of water- and lipid - soluble antioxidants on a single system possible
Methods with many undefined radicals
Practical significance of measurement results questionable
Overview of different assays for the measurement of antioxidants
Author
Radical-generator
Radical-Detector
Emanuel et al.,1961
Methyl oleate +O2
Peroxide
Stocks et al., 1974
Brain homogenate +O2
O2-consumption
Frank et al., 1982
Oil+ O2
Electr. Conductivity
Wayner et al., 1985
ABAP
O2-Consumption
Popov t al., 1985/1999
Luminol + UV-A
Chemolumineszenz
Niki et al., 1985
ABAP
O2-Consumption
30-60 min
10-20 min
2+
Measuring time
12-16 h
1h
1-3 h
30-60 min
1-3 min
Klebanov et al., 1988
egg yolk + Fe
Chemiluminescence
Miller et al., 1993
VISspectrophotometry
5 min
TEAC-Test
ABTS+Peroxidase+
H2O2
Nakano et al., 1994
Meth-Hb
Luminescence, O2
20-40 min
Ghiselli et al., 1995
ABAP
Fluorescence,
20-40 min
TRAP-Test
Saramet et al., 1996
R-Phycoerythrin
Luminol +H2O2
Chemiluminescence
Lewin Popov, 2000
ABAP: 2,2‘ –azo-bis-(2-Amidinopropane)
ABTS: 2,2‘ Azinobis (3-enthylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfon acid)
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10-20 min
5.
Calculation of the Antioxidative capacity
5.1.
Calculation for solid samples:
Concentration [ µg / mg ] =
Quantity ⋅ Dilution ⋅ M ⋅ Volume
PipettedVolume ⋅ WeightedSample
Quantity:
nmol (Ascorbic acid or Trolox equivalents)
M:
Molar Mass
Ascorbic acid (176,13ng/nmol) or
Trolox (250,3ng/nmol)
5.2.
Pipetted volume:
used volume in the vial in [µl]
Weighted sample:
initial weighted sample in [mg]
Volume:
Extraction volume in [ml]
Dilution:
(at 1:10 dilution factor =10)
Calculation for liquid samples:
Concentration [ µg / ml ] =
Quantity ⋅ Dilution ⋅ M
PipettedVolume
Concentration [ µmol / ml ] =
Quantity ⋅ Dilution
PipettedVolume
Quantity:
nmol (Ascorbic acid or Trolox equivalents)
M:
Molar Mass
Ascorbic acid (176,13 ng/nmol) or
Trolox (250,3 ng/nmol)
Pipetted volume:
used volume in the vial in [µl]
Dilution:
(at 1:10 dilution factor = 10)
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6.
Reaction schematics
The generated radical is the superoxide radical O2•-, no singlet oxygen 1O2 is created.
A simplified scheme is:
1. The radical-generating reaction is:
L + hv (UV) + O2 → [ L*O2] → L•+ + O2•In this process the superoxide radical is created by interaction of oxygen with
intermediate products of the photoinduced luminol.
2. Part of the superoxide radicals are quenched by antioxidants, remaining radicals are
quantified by luminescence-detection reaction
3. The detection reaction is:
O2•- + L•+ → …. → hv (blue luminescence)
In this reaction between luminol- and superoxide radicals, after some intermediates,
some excited compounds wich cause luminescence are created.
L = Luminol, L*=excited state, L•+ =Luminol-radical, hv=light/irradiation
Luminol plays a double role as photosensitizer and as oxygen radical detection reagent.
A little more sophisticated scheme of detection reaction is the following:
O2•- + L•+ → N2 + AP*2- → AP2- + hv (blue luminescence)
AP*2-= Aminophthalatanion, excitet
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7.
Target Groups, Applications, and Benefits
Medicine
Clinical routine laboratory diagnosis, dosage and course control of the therapy of
diseases accompanied by the alteration of the antioxidative system (cancer,
atherosclerosis, cardiac infarction, ischemic damage of organs, Down’s syndrom
Medical research of these diseases and of oxidative stress that is produced, for instance,
by surgery, serious sports and other influences
Naturopathy for justification of alternative therapies – UV blood and whole-body
irradiation, phytotherapies, oxygen treatment
Environmental medicine
Phamacy
Examination of the antioxidative properties of active substances for the direct use as
food complements or for the antioxidative stabilization of drugs
Cosmetics
Examination of the antioxidative properties of individual active substances or complex
mixtures, such as plant extracts for the direct use as cosmetic agent for the skin or for
the antioxidative stabilization of cosmetic products
Nutrition and Food Technology
Great variety of applications including, for example:
Detection of the effectiveness of antioxidative components and complex mixtures such
as plant extracts for the use as food complement – design of Novel Food with
antioxidants as protection against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and for serious
athletes
Control of technological processes in food production – such as in beer breweries.
Improvement of the shelf life of products by the addition of new, natural (plant extracts)
antioxidants
Chemistry
Determination of the effect of antiradical additives, monitoring of the oxidation of mineral
oils, transformer and turbine oils, diesel, caoutchouc and plastic materials
Analysis of redox processes (polymerization), radical-generating reactions
Research
Investigation in stress phenomena as caused by increased UV radiation, strain by
radical-generating environmental noxae, natural and artificial radioactivity, e.g.
application in the research into the resistance of plants against increased oxidative
stress caused by the ozone hole
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7.1.
Current Research Projects
Measuring changes in antioxidant potential in stored soybeans (Important for Earth and
Mars missions, were soybeans will either be shipped and stored in bulk, or grown and
stored; potential influence on the sensory quality, nutritional quality, and yield of
soyfoods. Relationship to natural antioxidant levels and tofu quality.
Measuring the influence of diet on human iron status and oxidation potential in blood
serum samples (important for Earth and NASA Missions) Influence of light exposure on
antioxidant potential of fresh and dried milk products. (Important for bulk ingrediant
shipments on Earth and NASA Mars Mission.)
Influences of extrusion on antioxidant potential in soy, looking at both potential and
relating the values to Vitamin E changes. (Important for Earth and Mars missions).
Study of antioxidant content in human plasma. The subjects were postmenopausal
women who had consumed 40g soy protein with either poor or normal phytate or
isoflavone contents.
The Health and Human Performance Department is looking at antioxidant potential
changes in athletes under different stress situations.
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7.2.
Anwendungsgebiete / Zweck/Nutzen
Target Groups
Medicine
Clinical
Application / Customer
Screening of animal and human
blood before and after
treatment with new drugs
Friedrich-Schiller-University
Hospital, Jena, Germany
Laboratory Dr. Gärtner
Correlation studies of the
Antioxidative capacity in human
blood and teardrops
Benefits and Purpose
Measurement of the oxidative stress on
patients with coronary heart disease during
cardio surgical operation, monitoring of the
antioxidative capacity in blood plasma
Development of new/alternative therapies
(internal medicine, clinical chemistry)
o Heart disease, cancer
Antioxidative capacity as a medical index
(general medicine)
Development of new therapies for the “Dry
Eye” effect
Therapy control (cure, medical index)
Paracelsus, Austria
Measurement of Antioxidants in
blood samples of different
human age groups, athletes or
astronauts
Anti aging effects
Development / sales of anti aging
compounds
Studies on the effect of stress levels,
excessive sports and extreme UV exposure
University Hospital Mannheim
NASA Food Technology Center
Hospitals and doctors
Clinic of Friedrich-Schiller
University, Germany
Nutrition and
Food Technology
Screening of human blood in
direct correlation to specific
nutrition and diets
Ohio State University, USA
Christian Hospital
Sports
Blood screening subject to
sportive activity
Daily routine analysis of the antioxidative
status
Correlation studies between the antioxidative
status and diseases
Diabetes treatment, cancer and etc.
Influence of Mediterranean food on the
human organism
Therapy development for diabetes patients
Studies about the uptake of antioxidants
from food in the blood plasma
Oxygen therapy
Adaptation of new and more effective
training methods
HBO Center, Uni-Klinik
Frankfurt, Germany
Pharmacy
Screening of human and animal
blood before and after
excessive radiation and in
direct correlation with drug
treatment
Research Center of Radiation
Medicine, Armenia
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Development of new drugs for X-ray and
radiation protection
Influence of UV-radiation and the possible
treatment with Antioxidants
Target Groups
Application / Customer
Antioxidants in plants
National Botanical Research
Institute, India
Cosmetics
Benefits and Purpose
Homoeopathic and natural health
Health benefits of organic products
Comparison of antioxidative capacity of
different plants and different growing
conditions
Plant extracts and their health benefits for
cosmetic products
Antioxidants in drugs
Quality control for drug production
Marketing purposes for drugs and other
product labeling
Antioxidants in cosmetic
crude/raw materials
Development & Research of new products
with better characteristics
o
Better applicable and higher
absorption through the skin,
e.g. (skin crèmes)
o
Extending the shelf life time
Marketing purposes
Pentapharm Ltd., Switzerland
Cosmetochem
Measurement of the
antioxidative capacity in blood
plasma of different age groups
Anti aging effect
Development and marketing of new anti
aging products
Henkel KgaA
Antioxidants in algae
Extract of algae for cosmetic purposes and
health benefits
IGV Institut für
Getreideverarbeitung
Antioxidants in all kinds of
cosmetic products
Extending the shelf life time of perfume and
Fragrances
Henkel KgaA, Germany
Pharma Cosmetics Research,
USA
Veterinary
Research, drug
development and
diets
Screening of animal blood in
direct correlation to different
diets
University Leipzig
Freie Universität Berlin
Medicine
Screening of animal blood in
direct correlation to drug
treatment
University Leipzig
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Influence and effects of the antioxidant
status in animals as well as the correlation
with different diets:
o Lower infection rates
o Less epidemic outbreaks
o Cheaper and more effective drugs
Development of new, more effective and / or
alternative drugs
Influence on breeding effects
Antioxidants as medical parameter and index
Target Groups
Food
Technology and
Nutrition
Application / Customer
Antioxidants in beer, most,
wines, juices
Friedrich Schiller Uni Jena
Wine: Measurement of
antioxidative capacity before
and after treating wine barrels
with sulfur
Benefits and Purpose
Improvement of the shelf life time and the
taste of beer, wine and juices
Antioxidant status as parameter and index
for marketing
Quality control
Production control
Optimization and improvement for production
and storage
Antioxidant status as parameter and index
for marketing
Quality control
Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim
Juices, most, berries, grapes
University of Arkansas, USA
Cornell University, USA
Antioxidants in plants
NASA Food Technology, USA
University of Newfoundland,
Canada
University Debrecen, Hungary
Antioxidants in edible oils
Badger Oil Company
Antioxidants in coffee and
cocoa
Kraft/Jakobs-Suchard
Antioxidants in tobacco
Kraft / Phillip Morris, USA
Industry
Automotive
industry
Antioxidants in technical oils
Crude oil industry
Antioxidants in plastics / wood /
Biodiesel
Audi, Germany
IGV Institut für Getreideverarbeitung, Germany
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Optimization and improvement for production
and storage
Antioxidant status as parameter and index
for marketing
Quality control
Parameter in plants to compare the oxidative
stress on plants
Improvement of green house and gardening
parameters
Health benefits
Homeopathy and natural health
Search for new active drug agents
Shelf life time
Comparison of different cold presses
Health effect on humans
Quality control
Improvement of the shelf life time and the
taste
Health effect on humans
Marketing purposes
Quality control, improvement of storage
conditions
Index for storage conditions and gardening
improvement
Parameter for new and better tobacco plants
Health effect, protection of cancer risk
Extension of the shelf life time in grease and
lubricants
Antioxidants as additives to extend the
durability of e.g. engines
Improvement of UV resistance
Mechanic steadiness
Extending the shelf life time of Biodiesel
Protection from environmental influences
8.
Application Notes
Subject
Number
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of blood plasma
BS_PCL_01_00_e
Lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of blood plasma
BS_PCL_02_00_e
Urate independent water-soluble antioxidative capacity of blood plasma
BS_PCL_03_00_e
Antioxidative capacity of ascorbic acid from blood plasma
BS_PCL_06_00_e
Water- and lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of tea and coffee
BS_PCL_07_00_e
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of beer
BS_PCL_08_00_e
Lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of beer
BS_PCL_09_00_e
Water- and lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of wine 1
BS_PCL_10_00_e
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of vitamine tablets
BS_PCL_11_00_e
Lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of perfume
BS_PCL_12_00_e
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of dried garlic
BS_PCL_13_00_e
Lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of dried garlic
BS_PCL_14_00_e
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of lyophilized vegetables
BS_PCL_15_00_e
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of fruit-juice
BS_PCL_17_00_e
Lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of edible oil
BS_PCL_18_00_e
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of plant extracts
BS_PCL_19_00_e
Lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of plant extracts
BS_PCL_20_00_e
Water- and lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of yeast cultures, extracellular
BS_PCL_21_00_e
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of beer wort
BS_PCL_22_00_e
Antioxidative capacity of single water-soluble substances,
e.g. uric acid, gallic acid, trolox, ascorbic acid
BS_PCL_23_00_e
Anioxidative capacity of single lipid-soluble substances, e.g. tocopheroles,
BHT, BHA
BS_PCL_24_00_e
Antioxidative capacity of technical oils
BS_PCL_25_00_e
Determination of the antioxidative capacity (ACW) in dry feed
BS_PCL_26_00_e
Determination of lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity (ACL) in herb-flavoured
spirituous
BS_PCL_27_00_e
Determination of antioxidative capacity (ACW) in intermediate pharmaceutical
products
BS_PCL_28_00_e
Determination of antioxidative capacity (water-soluble ACW and lipid-soluble
ACL) in vegetable dyes
BS_PCL_29_00_e
- 18 -
Subject
Number
Determination of the lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity (ACL) in mixture
formulations for fertilizers
BS_PCL_30_00_e
Determination of the antioxidative capacity (water-soluble ACW) in fruit- and
tea-extracts
BS_PCL_31_00_e
Water- and lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity of wine 2
BS_PCL_32_00_e
Water-soluble antioxidative capacity of grape must
BS_PCL_33_00_e
Water- and lipid-soluble capacity of different food samples
BS_PCL_34_00_e
Lipid soluble antioxidant capacity of salami extracts
BS_PCL_01_01_e
Lipid soluble antioxidant capacity in bio fuel
BS_PCL_02_01_e
Lipid soluble antioxidant capacity of crema
BS_PCL_03_01_e
Water- and lipid soluble antioxidant capacity of health pills
BS_PCL_04_01_e
Determination of lipid soluble capacity (ACL) in tablets in equivalent amounts
of BHT
BS_PCL_06_01_e
Determination of antioxidative capacity (water soluble - ACW and lipid soluble
- ACL) in beer
BS_PCL_07_01_e
Determination of water soluble antioxidative capacity (ACW) in beer wort
BS_PCL_08_01_e
Determination of water soluble and lipid soluble antioxidative capacity (ACW
and ACL) in bakers yeast
BS_PCL_09_01_e
Determination of water soluble antioxidative capacity (ACW) in coffee
BS_PCL_10_01_e
Determination of water soluble and lipid soluble antioxidative capacity (ACW
and ACL) in Plant extracts
BS_PCL_11_01_e
Determination of water soluble (ACW) and lipid soluble antioxidative capacity
(ACL) in pharmaceutical samples
BS_PCL_13_01_e
Determination of water soluble antioxidative capacity (ACW) in different coffee
samples
BS_PCL_14_01_e
etermination of water-soluble (ACW) and lipid soluble (ACL) antioxidative
capacity in cheese
BS_PCL_15_01_e
Determination of Lipid-soluble Anti-oxidative Capacity (ACL) in Tetrakis
protected Fat Dispersions
®
BS_PCL_01_02_e
Determination of Lipid-soluble Anti-oxidative Capacity (ACL) of Supplements
for Cosmetic Products
BS_PCL_02_02_e
Determination of lipid-soluble (ACL) and water soluble (ACW) antioxidative
capacity in dried fruits
BS_PCL_03_02_e
Determination of Water-Soluble (ACW) Antioxidative Capacity in Plant
Extracts II
BS_PCL_04_02_e
Determination of the Lipid-Soluble Anti-Oxidative Capacity (ACL) in GreenTea Extracts
BS_PCL_05_02_e
Determination of Lipid-soluble (ACL), Water-soluble (ACW) Antioxidative
Capacity and Capacity expressed in SOD-Activity in Mushroom Powder
BS_PCL_06_02_e
- 19 -
Subject
Number
Determination of water- (ACW) and lipid- (ACL) soluble antioxidative capacity
in plant extract
BS_PCL_01_04_e
Determination of lipid- (ACL) soluble antioxidative capacity in „Zeaxanthindipalmitat“ Solution
BS_PCL_02_04_e
Determination of lipid soluble antioxidative capacity (ACL) in bio fuel
BS_PCL_03_04_e
Determination of water- (ACW) and lipid- (ACL) soluble antioxidative capacity
in cream
BS_PCL_04_04_e
Determination of water- (ACW) and lipid- (ACL) soluble antioxidative capacity
in cream II
BS_PCL_05_04_e
Determination of water- (ACW) and lipid- (ACL) soluble antioxidative capacity
in flour samples
BS_PCL_07_04_e
9.
Publications
9.1.
English publications
•
Measuring Antioxidant Capacity of Foods in Terms of Ascorbic Acid
Equivalency "AOXFood"
Olga Padilla-Zakour, Oral Presentation at IFT 2003
•
Use of Chemiluminescence in Measurement of Antioxidant Activity
Fereidoon Shahidi, Oral Presentation at IFT 2003
•
Antioxidant Activities of Soybeans, Black Raspberries, and Tomato Products
Craig W. Hadley, Steven K. Clinton, and Steven J. Schwartz, Oral Presentation
at IFT 2003
•
Method to Quantify Antioxidative Capacity of Topical Formulations
Paper: Skin Research and Technology 2003, 9: 1-3; Hongbo Zhai, Myeong Jun Choi,
Michaela Arens-Corell, Birgit A. Neudecker, Howard Maibach
•
Tomato Product Consumption Increases Plasma Lycopene Concentrations and
Antioxidant Capacity in Men and Women
Craig W. Hadley, Steven K. Clinton, and Steven J. Schwartz, Poster presented at the
FASEB 2003 meeting in San Diego
•
Water-soluble antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds and Trolox using
photochemiluminescence method (PCL)
Poster presented at IFT 2003 by S. Chantanawarangoon and O.I. Padilla-Zakour,
Food Science & Technology Cornell University of Food Science, Geneva NY
•
Antioxidants Compared in a New Protocol to Measure Protective Capacity
against Oxidative Stress
Birgit A. Neudecker, Dimitar Bkayarov, Eberhard Wieland, Joseph A. Lewis II, Joseph
C. DiNardo, Howard I. Maibach, Poster presented at the AAD 2003 meeting in
California.
- 20 -
•
Photochemiluminescence-Based Analysis of antioxidative capacity in blood for
biological research and medicine routine diagnostics
W. Link, H. Hermann, A. Sterner, M. Roskos, Poster presented at Pittcon 2003,
Orlando
•
Of Antioxidative Capacity of Fermented and Unfermented Rooibos Extracts
M. Rohe, K. Franz, W. Schuetze, E. Joubert, H. Schulz , Poster presented at IFT
2003.
•
Total phenols and antioxidant capacity of dried plums prepared from highly
pigmented cultivars
S. Chantanawarangoon, Olga Padilla-Zakour, Cornell University, Poster Presentation
at IFT 2003
•
Application of photochemoluminescence techniques to determine the
antioxidative potential of musts, juices and wines
Prof. Dr. Otmar Löhnertz, Dipl.-Biol. Anne Grimmich, Gerlinde Wandrey,
Fachhochschule Wiesbaden, University of Applied Sciences, Germany, 2004
•
Cosmetic Efficacy Testing SPC 2002
John Woodruff – Creative Developments (Cosmetics) Limited, UK, 2002
•
PHOTOCHEM: Antioxidant Detection and Sybean Storage Study for Planetary
Outposts
Lester A. Wilson – Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State
University, USA, 2004
•
Antioxidant Potential of Anogeissus latifol
Raghavan GOVINDARAJAN, Madhavan VIJAYAKUMAR, Chandana Venkateshwara
RAO, Annie SHIRWAIKAR, Ajay Kumar, Singh RAWAT, Shanta MEHROTRA and
Palpu PUSHPANGADAN
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 08/2004
Lit_BS_PCL_01_04_e
•
Quantitation of Antioxidants by Photo-induced Chemiluminescence
Dr. Hanno Hermann
CLI 11/2002
Lit_BS_PCL_02_00_e
•
Photosensitised Chemiluminescence, Medical and Industrial Applications in the
Quantification of Antioxidants and the Assessment of the Degree of Oxidative
Damage
Dr. Gudrun Lewin und Igor Popoy; F.A.T. Berlin
Not published!
Lit_BS_PCL_01_00_e
•
Novel Food
Dr. M. Killenberg-Jabs, Susanne Tirok, Analytik Jena AG
Not published!
Lit_BS_PCL_01_01_d
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•
Measurement of antioxidants: Detection of the antioxidative capacity of
complex samples by chemiluminescence
Dr. Matthias Rohe, Analytik Jena AG
Not published!
Lit_BS_PCL_02_01_e
•
Is it sufficient to determine the "total antioxidant status" for medical and
industrial problems?
Dr. Gudrun Lewin, Prof. I. Popov; F.A.T. Berlin
Not published!
Lit_BS_PCL_03_00_e
•
Trend in Bioanalysis: Analysis of Antioxidants by Chemiluminescence
Dr. Matthias Rohe, Analytik Jena AG
Not published!
Lit_BS_PCL_03_01_e
•
Antioxidative status of un-stimulated tear fluid and blood serum before and
after combined iodine treatment
Dr. Sirid Griebenow (Paracelsus Gesellschaft), Dr. Alf Liebmann
Not published!
Lit_BS_PCL _01_03_e
•
Antioxidants in food
Anja Jungnickel, Dr. Alf Liebmann
Not published!
Lit_BS_PCL_01_04_e
•
Free radicals – a hazard to our health?
Dr. Burcu Özmen, Dr. Alf Liebmann
Not published!
Lit_BS_PCL_02_04_e
9.2.
German Publications
•
Photosensibilisierte Chemoluminenzenz, medizinische und industrielle
Applikationen bei der Beurteilung des oxidativen Schädigungsgrades
Dr. Gudrun Lewin und Igor Popoy; F.A.T. Berlin
BIOforum 01 / 02 - 2000
Lit_BS_PCL_01_00_d
•
Quantifizierung von Antioxidantien durch photoinduzierte Chemoluminenszenz
Dr. Hanno Hermann
LaborPraxis 02/2000
Lit_BS_PCL_02_00_d
•
Ist die Bestimmung des "total antioxidant status" für medizinische und
industrielle Fragestellungen ausreichend?
Dr. Gudrun Lewin, Prof. I. Popov; F.A.T. Berlin
GIT Labor-Fachzeitschrift 05/2000
Lit_BS_PCL_03_00_d
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•
Novel Food
Dr. M. Killenberg-Jabs, Susanne Tirok, Analytik Jena AG
BIOforum 03/2001
Lit_BS_PCL_01_01_d
•
Messung von Antioxidantien: Erfassung der antioxidativen Kapazität komplexer
Proben mit der Chemilumineszenzmethode
Dr. Matthias Rohe, Analytik Jena AG
LABO 9/01
Lit_BS_PCL_02_01_d
•
Trend Bioanalytik: Analytik von Antioxidantien mit der Chemilumineszenzmethode
Dr. Matthias Rohe, Analytik Jena AG
LabFuture
Lit_BS_PCL_03_01_d
•
Antioxidativer Status von nicht stimulierter Tränenflüssigkeit und von
Blutserum vor und nach einer kombinierten Jodkurbehandlung
Dr. Sirid Griebenow, Dr. Alf Liebmann
LABO 6/03
Lit_BS_PCL_01_03_d
•
Antioxidantien in Lebensmitteln
Anja Jungnickel, Dr. Alf Liebmann - Analytik Jena AG
GIT 03/04
Lit_BS_PCL_01_04_d
•
Freie Radikale - eine Gefahr für unsere Gesundheit?
Dr. Burcu Özmen, Dr. Alf Liebmann - Analytik Jena AG
LABO 06/04
Lit_BS_PCL_02_04_d
•
Über Polyphenole in Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) und andere
gesundheitsrelevante Inhaltsstoffe
Dipl.-Ing. Michel Tchoné, Dissertation, 2003
•
Das antioxidative Potential von Mosten, Säften und Weinen
Prof. Dr. Otmar Löhnertz, Dipl.-Biol. Anne Grimmich, Gerlinde Wandrey,
Fachhochschule Wiesbaden, University of Applied Sciences, 2004
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