International Experiences in Inter-basin Water Transfer
Transcription
International Experiences in Inter-basin Water Transfer
International Experiences in Inter-basin Water Transfer (IBWT) AMERICAS Country 1 Bolivia Brazil Canada Water transfer projects Project name 2 Misicuni Total Rio-Sao Francisco Transbasin Diversion Total From 3 Misicuni Rio-Sao Francisco To 4 Sochabamsa Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year Purpose 5 Bolivian Andes Completed Proposed 6 0.2 ___ 0.2 1.5 7 North East region of Brazil Status/year of construction 8 Proposed Proposed Completed Proposed Quebec ____ 1.5 50.14 Quebec 31.25 Hydel Power generation Power Manitoba British Columbia Peace river, Smoky North Saskatchewan Alberta river and Lower river Athabasca river Assiniboine Lake Manitoba Manitoba 26.80 23.21 Power Power Now completed Now completed 1976 ____do_____ 23.20 Power ____do_____ 22.30 Naskaupi river and Churchill river Canairiktok Churchill river Saskatchewan river N. Saskatchewan river S. Saskatchewan river 10.53 Flood Control Hydel Power generation Irrigation Irrigation Caniapiscau river and La Grande river Eastmain river Nottaway river and Rupert river Broadback river Churchil river Nelson river Yukon river Taku river New Found Land Saskatchewan Saskatchewan 8.92 8.92 1968 1977 ____do_____ ____do_____ salient features 9 Country 1 Water transfer projects Project name 2 From To Location in province or region 3 McGregor river 4 Parsnip river 5 British Columbia Julian Kootenay river Ashvamipi Columbia river Bridge river Seton Lake Saskatchewan river Assiniboine British Columbia British Columbia Manitoba Ogaki river Lake Nipigow Ontario Water transfer in km3/year 6 6.24 6.18 5.36 4.48 ____do_____ 4.45 Irrigation 3.62 Hydel Power generation Irrigation 3.12 Lake St. Joseph 3.56 2.85 Winnipeg river Ontario 2.68 N. Saskatchewan river Red Deer river Red Deer river Bow river Long Lake Lake Superior Alberta Alberta Ontario 2.68 1.78 1.22 Missouri river Victoria river Grey river Grey river Newfound Land Souris river and Red North Dakota river White Bear river Newfound Land Saloman river Newfound Status/year of construction 7 8 Hydel Power ____do_____ generation ____do_____ 1971 ____do_____ ____do_____ Upper Athabasca river North Saskatchewan Alberta river Nechako river Kemano river British Columbia Lake Michigan Illinois river Illinois White Bear river Purpose ____do_____ 1943 ____do_____ Hydel Power 1952 generation 1848 Navigation, Sewage and dilution Hydel Power 1957 generation Irrigation ____do_____ ____do_____ ____do_____ Hydel Power 1939 generation 1.18 ____do_____ 1.07 Irrigation 1.05 Hydel Power generation ____do_____ 0.97 1934 1969 1969 1967 salient features 9 Country 1 Water transfer projects Project name 2 From To 3 4 Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 9 Tazin Lake Charlot river 5 Land Saskatchewan Chamberlain Lake Penobscot river Maine 0.50 N. Saskatchewan river Battle river Qu Appelle river Souris river Magiscane river St. Mourice river Alberta Saskatchewan Quebec 0.53 0.47 0.36 Lake Dietenbaker Saskatchewan 0.35 Drinking Water Supply 1967 Alberta 0.35 Irrigation 1964 Neve Scotia 0.34 Hydel Power generation Now completed British Columbia Newfound Land Montana 0.33 ____do_____ 1958 0.29 ____do_____ 1963 0.29 NA Irrigation Power, Municipal Water Supply and Navigation 1917 1848 Qu Appelle river Waterton river and St. Mary river Belly river Cheticam river, Indian Wreck Cove Brook Brook and McMillan Brook Ash river Great Central Lake Indian Brook Hunber river St. Mary river Milk river Lake Michigan, and Wreck Cove Brook Chicago river 6 7 8 0.89 ____do_____ 1958 1841 Log transport and Hydel Power generation Irrigation ____do_____ ____do_____ ____do_____ Hydel Power 1933 generation Country 1 Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 6 262.46 7 8 9 river NA NA Proposed Investigated for engineering feasibility. Studies on economic and environmental aspects are in hand. NA NA Hydel Power generation, Irrigation, Municipal water supply ____do_____ Proposed NA NA ____do_____ ____do_____ Proposed Proposed 6.3 ____do_____ Proposed 20.95 Proposed 5.75 Irrigation and Municipal water supply, Hydel Power generation, stabilisation of water levels in Great Lakes Irrigation and municipal W/S Hydel Power generation ____do_____ 184.5 ____do_____ Water transfer projects Project name 2 Total Proposed From To 3 4 Location in province or region 5 Completed Lake Diefenbaker on Du'Appelle Saskatchewan river Basin Du'Appelle river and Assiniboine Assiniboine Northern Alberta Streams Mcgregor Headwaters of Fraser diversion river Grand Canal James Bay St. Replenishme Lawrence river nt and Northern Lakes Development Souris river Red river NA Southern areas of Alberta Headwaters of British Peace river Columbia Great Lake Canadian Water Several Canadian Various rivers like Peace, Atha States Basca, and Saskatchowar Western Magnum Plan Central, North Peace, Athabasca, Missouri Saskatchewar Mackenzie Churchill Great Lakes Nelson Western States 184.5 Transfer to USA from Canada. Proposed Proposed Proposed Diversion to Souris river and USA. Envisages transfer by diversion through canals, tunnels. Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 5 6 7 8 9 61.6 ____do_____ Proposed Liard river flow reversal. Water lifted into Rocky Mountain trench for transfer to Western USA. Total Teno river sub-basin, Chimbarongo sub- Central zone of TenoChimbarongo tributary of Mataquito basin of Rapel river Chile basin river basin canal 463.6 2.05 Irrigation 1970 Laja Diguillin Total Los Angeles Aqueduct All American Canal Transmountai n diversion in Colorado 1.10 ____do_____ 1990 Water transfer through a canal 13.66 km long into a natural river, joining Chim barrage after travelling 3 km. Transfer through 100 km long canal. Country 1 Water transfer projects Project name 2 American Water Project Smith Plan Chile USA Colorado river aqueduct Central Valley Project From To 3 4 Liard Mackenzie Western States United Laja river Diguillin Region VIII of Southern Chile Owen Valley Los Angeles California 3.15 1.8 Colorado River California California 4.2 Colorado South Platte Arkansas Colorado 0.72 Gunnison San Juan Colorado river Shasta dam Sacramento river Municipal water supply Municipal water supply Completed in Transports from a distance of 1913 440 km (Owen Valley). Completed Completed Arkansas Rio Grande California in Friant Dam on San California Joaquin river, on to the Valley. 1.5 8.4 M&I and irrigation Completed in From Lake Havasu 1941 downstream of Parker Dam on Colorado to Lake Mathews, near the city of riverside. ____do_____ 1930 Regulated flow from Shasta Dam to Delta of Sacramento. Pick up by a canal to Friant Country 1 Water transfer projects Project name 2 From To 3 4 Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 5 6 7 8 4.0 ____do_____ 1973 9 Dam on San Joaquin river. Also to San Francisco Bay. From Friant Dam via a canal to north and south San Joaquin valley. California Aqueduct 710 km long transfers 4.9 km3/yr. Half of the flow is lifted through a series of lifts. State Water Oriville on Feather Intake of California California Project (1st and Sacramento (San Aqueduct Juaquin river) phase) Trinity river transbasin diversion Big Thompson Trinity Sacramento California 1.52 Irrigation Completed in 1963 Colorado river NA Colorado 0.3 Irrigation Completed 2.71 Irrigation Completed 0.17 Irrigation, Completed in M&I 1965 ____do_____ ____do____ Salt Gila and Santa Central and Cruz river basin Southern Arizona Colorado Green sub- Great Basin North Central basin Utah Missouri Red and Soure Hudson Bay rivers San Juan - Navajo, Colorado Chama - Rio Le New Mexico Chama Grande Arkansas Basin Colorado Frying Pan - Colorado river Arkansas Project Chicago Lake Michigan Chicago NA Central Arizona Project Central Utah Project Garrison Colorado Long Lac/ Long Lake Ogoki Project Lake Superior Michigan 1.1 0.5 2.9 M&I and irrigation Irrigation and Municipal water supply ____do____ ____do____ 4.5 Power ____do____ 0.2 Completed project Completed Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 2 New York Aqueduct Truckee canal Colorado Springs water supply Union Park Reservoir Total Columbia USA (proposed) South West Snake Colorado Texas Water Plan From To Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year 3 Canadian river 4 New York Region 5 New York 6 2.1 Truckee river Carson California, Nevada Colorado 0.81 Colorado 0.12 Completed South-west USA Colorado 37.56 16.0 Blue river, Arkansas Frypan Colorado Springs city Upper Gunnison river South Platte Columbia river Southwest USA Snake river Colorado Lower Mississippi; West Texas; Rio Texas, Eastern Texas Grande; Texas Gulf Mexico Coast; Eastern New Mexico Superior Lake SuperiorMissouri North west Canada; North Alaska, NW US American Water and Power Alliance (NAWAPA) Missouri 0.01 3.0 New Michigan South-west USA; Canada, USA, Northern Mexico; Mexico South-central Canada; Great Lakes 21.0 8.9 136 - 300 Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 8 ____do____ 9 7 Irrigation, hydel, M&I M&I, Irrigation Urban water supply Completed in The Truckee canal is part of 1905 Truckee Carson project. Completed in 1904 __do__ Completed Irrigation and Mun. supply Irrigation and M&I Irrigation; M&I, estuary improvement Proposed Proposed Modification likely due to cost and environmenta l problems. Need to meet the water shortages. Irrigation and Proposed M&I The schemes is basically meant to solve water shortage problems in the State of Texas and adjoining State of New Mexico. Source will be rivers like Red, Sabine, Sulphur, Neches and Lower Mississippi. High cost and environmental problems. An international water treaty with Canada Construction of 240 reservoirs, 112 irrigation systems, 17 navigation channels in Rocky mountains. The trench reservoir will be gigantic. Involves collection of water from major Irrigation, power; M&I navigation Country 1 Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year Purpose 5 6 7 San Joaquin Valley; California Southern California 5.2 (2020) 14.0 (distant future) Irrigation; M&I Central and Western Nebraska; eastern Colorado; Western Kansas; northern Texas; western New Mexico 2.2 to 13.5 Irrigation Water transfer projects Project name 2 From To 3 4 Northern California California State Water Project High Plains Water Transfer Alternatives Total Grand Total Middle and Lower Missouri; tributaries of lower Mississippi; Sabine river Proposed Completed Proposed 381.6 303.17 846.90 Status/year of construction 8 necessary. salient features 9 rivers in NW North America like Columbia, Yukon, Fraser, Liard Peace for Skeena, and its distribution southward. Initially, 8 km3 would be diverted to ultimately increase to 300 km3. It involved 20 reservoirs, 17 First phase pumping stations, 869 km of was pumping stations, completed in canals, siphons, tunnels that carry 1973. water to San Joaquin Valley system. Expansion involves a Peripheral Canal around Sacramento-San Joaquin delta involving lift by 1,000 m over and through the Tehachapa mountain in S. California Four alternatives involving Preliminary canals in the range of 542 km study completed in to 1,836 km are under construction. Canal dimensions 1982. Recommende likely to be 42 m at top, 16 m at bottom and a depth of 8 m. d further Pumping head of 1000 m. studies. ASIA Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 China 2 West Project Middle Project From To Location in province or region Purpose Status/year of construction 8 9 Proposed Three major canals across the (Likely to mountainous areas of South-west start in 2010) China to transfer water from upper reaches of Chang Jiang to northwestern region of Huang He. Two stages. Short term and long Proposed term. The 1st stage from Han Jiang, (Likely to start early) a tributary of Chang Jiang at existing Dangiankou reservoir. The 2nd stage from Chang Jiang off Sanxia Reservoir. The canal would be 1,265 km long, crossing the river Huang He through an aqueduct. 3 4 Route Upper Reaches of Huang He (Yellow) Chang Jiang (Yangste) 5 China plain 6 7.7 7 Irrigation Route Middle reaches of ____do_____ Chang Jiang (Yangtse) ____do_____ 23.7 Irrigation Municipal water supply 13.4 Irrigation Municipal water supply Lower reaches of Huang He (Yellow) China plains Chang Jiang and then to Tiajin (Yangtse) Total Water transfer in km3/year Completed Proposed __ 44.8 Project launched on 27 Dec. 2002. salient features Starting at Jiang du pumping station, flowing along old Grand Canal to Tiajin. The canal 1150 km, discharge 1000 m3/s. Lift of 65 m through a tunnel below its bed. Flow by gravity. The pumping stations will also utilise drainage water. This link following the ancient Grand Canal, will include 51 pumping stations. Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 India From To Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 2 3 Sharda Sahayak Ghaghara 4 Sharda 5 Uttar Pradesh 6 15.16 7 Irrigation 8 Beas - Sutlej Beas link Sutlej Punjab and Himachal Pradesh 4.9 Irrigation and municipal water supply In operation A 37.25 km long link with 25.45 km tunnel from Pandoh Dam. Madhopur Beas link Beas 4.5 ____do____ 2.66 ____do____ Vagai South India 1.29 ____do____ Chennai Metropolitan area South India 0.34 ____do____ In operation, commenced in 1895 In operation since 1863 In operation since 1895 Completed The link takes off from Madhopur Barrage on the Ravi river. Pennar Punjab and Himachal Pradesh South India Completed Proposed 28.85 ____ 15.8 - Ravi Kurnool Krishna Cudappa canal Periyar Vegai Periyar Link Telgu Ganga Krishna Total Tigris (Via Tharathor Euphrates Lake) Iraq Total Japan Malaysia Location in province or region Total Kalinchi/Foris Water Tunnel Total Completed Proposed Totsukawa river Kinokawa river 15.8 ___ NA Upper Muar Basin Liggi Basin 0.14 0.14 Irrigation and hydeo power 9 A canal of 4.81 cumecs capacity. A 304 km long canal from upstream of Kurnool town. Water is carried through a 1,740 m long tunnel to Vagai basin. Water is conveyed through an open canal from Sri Sailam reservoir Completed From Tigris to Tharthar lake and then to Euphrates through gravity. Completed Integrated system of 4 dams and barrage. Under construction A 6.2 km long tunnel from Kelinchi reservoir to upper Muar reservoir. Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 Pakistan 2 Chashma Jhelum link From To 4 Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 7 8 9 Connects Indus with Jhelum from Chasma barrages. Canal 101 km. - Indus Jhelum 5 Sind/Punjab 6 19.39 - Indus Chenab Punjab 12.58 Rasul - Jhelum Qadirabad link Chenab Punjab 16.96 Irrigation Completed Qadirabad Balloki link - Chenab Ravi Punjab 16.61 Irrigation Completed Trimmu Sidhnai link - Chenab Ravi Punjab 9.80 Irrigation From existing Trimmu barrage, meets Ravi u/s of Sidhnai barrage. Sidhnai Mailsi – Ravi Sutlej with siphon at Punjab Mailsi 9.01 Irrigation Takes off barrage. Punjab 3.62 Irrigation Supplies water Bahawalpur. Tanunsa Panjnad link 3 Location in province or region Mailsi - Sutlej Bahawal link Balloki - Ravi Suleimani link Total Grand Total Sutlej 11.98 Completed 99.95 Completed Proposed 145.73 44.94 Connects Indus with Chenab from Taunsa barrage. Meets Chenab 24 km upstream of Rly bridge. Transfer of Jhelum Balloki from Rasul barrage Sulemanki link. from New to Sidhani area in From Balloki barrage on Ravi to Suleimanki headwater on Sutlej. EUROPE Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 (Former) Czechoslovakia 2 From 3 Turiec (Vah) To 4 Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 5 6 0.38 7 Power and municipal water supply 8 In operation 9 0.28 Hydropower In operation A 2.8 km long tunnel and pipe line 11.03 In operation Transfer through a 7 km long canal of 350 m3/s capacity. 3.46 Irrigation, Municipal water supply and flood protection Irrigation In operation Transfer through 9.5 km long canal of 110 m3/s capacity. 15.15 0.31 Irrigation Proposed NA Multipurpose NA NA Irrigation, drinking water supply Proposed Project water to 50,000 ha. 1.89 Irrigation, Proposed Multistage pumping. Hron Hnilee of Hornad Slana river basin from Dedinky - Hinlee reservoir Nitra at a point d/s Vah of Nove Zamky Vazsky Dunaj Vah Vah Nitra - Zitava basin Total Proposed Completed Zitava Hron (Kozmalovee reservoir and Slatinka reservoir Danube Vah, Nitra, Hron and Ipet, a diversion dam across Danube. Danube Oder – Elbe Country Water transfer projects Project name From To 2 3 4 1 Finland Total Helsinki Metropolitan area Total France Lake Paijanne Helsinki area Neste Cap de long river Gronne Gave de pau river basin Lille region Lys Escant river Durance Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 5 6 7 navigation and drinking water supply 8 9 Utilizing the existing Danube Oder - Elbe channel) and channels of Morava, Beena, Oder, Treburka, Ticha, Orlice rivers, including several existing diversion dams. Proposed Helsinki Metropolitan area Completed 2.20 0.09 Domestic water supply 1982 Through a 120 km long pipeline with discharge capacity of 20 m3/s. NA 1963 Urban W/S, Irrigation Urban water supply Urban water supply Completed A 27 km long canal. A 10 km long pressing tunnel for generation of hydel power A 40 km long canal. 0.16 1.26 Completed Danube Rhine (Kleine Roth Reservoir) 0.09 0.567 0.365 Lille Roubaix c elais and Dunkerque NA Total Germany Location in province or region 2.35 0.47 To ensure water supply to Nurenserg and improve navigation Completed Completed Completed Water transfer through navigation canal Schemes completed upto 1963, from Durance river to neighbouring towns. About 120 kms of tunnels and 90 km of open channels used. Pumping of 0.7 m3/s water through Rhine-Main Danube navigation canal. Five stage pumping. By gravity from Altmuhl tributary to Brombad reservoir through tunnel Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 2 From To 3 Herz Mountains 4 West and regions Guadiana Multipurpose Alqueva Project basin Somes river Cerna Olt river Russia and Central Asian Republics Proposed Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 5 6 N.A. 7 Municipal W/S, Irrigation 8 In operation 9 Water supplied by pipelines from a system of reservoirs. Irrigation, M&I, power Partly constructed Transfer through reservoirs fed through pumping and gravity canals. Completed Proposed river Sado river basin Total Romania Water transfer in km3/year East Total Portugal Location in province or region Crasna, Barcau, Crisuri river basins Motru, Jiu Vedea basin Total NA NA Kara-kum, Karshinsky, Moscow-Volga, IrdishKaranganda, Nevinnomissky Total Northern rivers Onega, Upper Volga to Volga Basin Sukhna and Pechora 0.47 ___ 0.01 Completed Proposed 0.01 ___ Western Romania South west Central Romania NA Irrigation Completed 250 km long canal transfers NA NA Irrigation Irrigation Completed Completed Details not available Irrigation area of 100,000 ha. Irrigation, M&I In operation Irrigation, M&I Proposed NA Completed 60 60 20 Transfer in 3 stages of 518 km3, 3.5 km3 and 9 km3. Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 From 2 Ob Partial diversion of Siberian rivers to Urals, West Siberia, Central Asia and Kazakhistan 3 To 4 Ural, Syr Darya Amu Darya system Total Spain Segura Ebro Terragonna (Catalonia) Bilbao Zodarra Ebro Total Grand Total Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 5 6 27 7 Irrigation Power Industrial and domestic 8 Proposed Implemented in 1988 Status not known 9 A canal 651 km, 4 dams with pumping stations up to Tobolsk. From Tobolsk to Tegiz reservoir water to be lifted at five pumping stations on a 1500 km stretch. From Tegiz reservoir a canal goes to Syr Darya and then to Amu Darya. river Proposed Tagus Total Proposed Location in province or region 47 1.0 0.1 W/S Completed in From Bolarque reservoir, 1979 pumping through tunnel. Irrigation, M&I Completed Transfer through pumping 0.2 1.3 ____do_____ Completed Completed Irrigation, M&I Proposed Completed Proposed 1.0 1.0 79.37 50.2 Catolonia Transfer by gravity and tunnel. AFRICA Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 Morocco From 2 3 Beri Boussa Oued El Abid river project To 4 Tensift river Total South Africa Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year Purpose 5 6 1.51 7 NA Completed Proposed 1.51 ____ Vaal Crocodile 0.615 M&I Vaal Olifants 0.150 Olifants Crocodile Komati Usutu Assegaai Buffalo Tugela Tugela Mooi Fish Orange Orange Sand Limpopo Oilfants Oilfants Vaal Vaal Vaal Mhlatuze Mgeni Sundays Buffels Lower Vaal 0.030 0.010 0.111 0.081 0.081 0.050 0.063 0.004 0.006 0.020 0.001 0.005 Orange Orange Riet Fish 0.018 0.064 Municipal and industrial water (M&I), power M&I M&I M&I, Power M&I M&I M&I M&I M&I M&I M&I Irrigation Irrigation, M&I M&I M&I Status/year of construction 8 Completed salient features 9 Country Water transfer projects Project name 1 2 From 3 Caledon (Orange) Lhwpia Lhwpib (Matsoku) Lhwpib (Mohale) Letaba Riviersonderend Kubusie Sundays To 4 Modder Vaal Vaal Vaal Sand Berg Buffalo/Nahoon Swartkops Total Sudan Jonglei project Total canal Bahr el Jabel Grand Total Sabat Location in province or region Water transfer in km3/year Purpose Status/year of construction salient features 5 7 M&I M&I M&I M&I M&I M&I M&I M&I 8 9 Completed Proposed 6 0.004 0.574 0.060 0.300 0.001 0.100 0.120 0.040 2.51 ____ Sudd region 7.3 Completed Proposed 7.3 ___ Completed Proposed 11.32 __ Completed Transfer through a 360 km canal. OCEANIA Country Water transfer projects Project name Australia Snowy mountain scheme Total From To Location in province Water or region transfer in km3/year Eucumbene river Murrumbidgee through its tributary Tumut 1.13 Completed Proposed 1.13 ___ Purpose Status/ year of construction salient features Hydel-power generation and Irrigation 1974 Diversion of water of Eucumbene river on to the upper reaches of Tumut river. It transfers water from coastal to two inland rivers through six tunnels 135 km in length, 15 large dams, 7 power stations, 2 pumping stations, and 76 km of aqueducts.