Dossier de synthèse

Transcription

Dossier de synthèse

OGM
Recherche bibliographique
Réalisée par
VACHEZ Dominique
CNRS-INIST
Avril 2008
OGM
Définition.............................................................................................................................................3
Mises au point scientifiques et technologiques (articles de synthèse)...............................................4
Français.................................................................................................................................................................4
ORIGINAL TITLE: Impact environnemental des cultures transgéniques : I. La migration des transgènes....4
ORIGINAL TITLE: Impact environnemental des cultures transgéniques : II. L'impact des caractères
recombinants.....................................................................................................................................................5
ORIGINAL TITLE: Modification génétique des oléagineux pour de nouvelles matières grasses et
perspectives nutritionnelles...............................................................................................................................6
ORIGINAL TITLE: Plantes génétiquement modifiées (PGM) et pays en développement..............................7
ORIGINAL TITLE: Les applications de la transgenèse animale.....................................................................9
Anglais.................................................................................................................................................................10
ORIGINAL TITLE: Implementing isolation perimeters around genetically modified maize fields..............10
TITLE: Pharming and transgenic plants..........................................................................................................11
ORIGINAL TITLE: Agricultural applications for transgenic livestock.........................................................12
ORIGINAL TITLE: Studies on feeds from genetically modified plants (GMP) : Contributions to nutritional
and safety assessment. Advances in feed safety..............................................................................................13
ORIGINAL TITLE: A review of the detection and fate of novel plant molecules derived from
biotechnology in livestock production. Advances in feed safety....................................................................14
ORIGINAL TITLE: Advances in transgenic rice biotechnology...................................................................16
ORIGINAL TITLE: Use of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) for the bioremediation of
contaminants....................................................................................................................................................17
ORIGINAL TITLE: Transgenic plants with improved dehydration-stress tolerance : progress and future
prospects..........................................................................................................................................................18
ORIGINAL TITLE: Review : genetically modified plants for the promotion of human health....................19
ORIGINAL TITLE: Genetic modification of plant metabolism for human health benefits...........................20
ORIGINAL TITLE: Landscape gene flow, coexistence and threshold effect : The case of genetically
modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape (Brassica napus)..............................................................................21
ARTICLE TITLE: Transgenic approaches for abiotic stress tolerance in plants: retrospect and prospects...22
ARTICLE TITLE: Feedstock crop genetic engineering for alcohol fuels......................................................23
TITLE: Transgenic farm animals: an update...................................................................................................24
TITLE: Animal transgenesis: state of the art and applications.......................................................................25
TITLE: The production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants................................................................26
Etudes sur les problématiques d’ordre sanitaire, environnemental ou économique (analysant les
avantages et les risques)....................................................................................................................28
Français...............................................................................................................................................................28
ORIGINAL TITLE: Les plantes transgéniques (OGM végétaux) : connaissances et inconnues sur les
risques d'allergénicité......................................................................................................................................28
ORIGINAL TITLE: Le principe de précaution demande-t-il d'interdire les OGM?......................................29
ORIGINAL TITLE: OGM et santé : mythes et réalités..................................................................................30
ORIGINAL TITLE: La construction incomplète du marché européen des OGM : Une comparaison des
cadres institutionnels européen et américain à partir de la théorie des droits de propriété.............................31
TITLE: Les zones sans plantes genetiquement modifiees en droit Europeen. L'illegalite comme strategie
juridique...........................................................................................................................................................32
ORIGINAL TITLE: Les plantes génétiquement modifiées dans les PVD : Entre discours et réalité............33
ORIGINAL TITLE: Les plantes génétiquement modifiées peuvent-elles nourrir le tiers monde ?...............34
ORIGINAL TITLE: Conditions, résultats et perspectives d'utilisation du coton génétiquement modifié
(coton bt) dans les pays en développement.....................................................................................................35
ORIGINAL TITLE: La biosécurité dans les pays en développement : Du protocole de carthagène aux
réglementations nationales..............................................................................................................................36
ORIGINAL TITLE: Cultures épistémiques et engagement public des chercheurs dans la controverse OGM
.........................................................................................................................................................................37
Anglais.................................................................................................................................................................38
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ORIGINAL TITLE: New analysis of a rat feeding study with a genetically modified maize reveals signs of
hepatorenal toxicity (Séralini et al. (2007)).....................................................................................................38
ORIGINAL TITLE: Report of an Expert Panel on the reanalysis by Séralini et al. (2007) of a 90-day study
conducted by Monsanto in support of the safety of a genetically modified corn variety (MON 863)...........40
ORIGINAL TITLE: Characterization of genetically modified maize in weakly contaminated seed batches
and identification of the origin of the adventitious contamination..................................................................41
TITLE: Fate of transgenic plant DNA in the environment.............................................................................42
ORIGINAL TITLE: Assessing Genetically Modified Crops to Minimize the Risk of Increased Food
Allergy: A Review...........................................................................................................................................43
ORIGINAL TITLE: Fate and effects of insect-resistant Bt crops in soil ecosystems....................................44
ORIGINAL TITLE: HERBICIDE TOLERANT CROPS : 10 YEARS LATER...........................................45
ORIGINAL TITLE: Strategies to evaluate the safety of bioengineered foods...............................................46
ORIGINAL TITLE: Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera : evaluation of potential for transgene
escape..............................................................................................................................................................47
ORIGINAL TITLE: Toxicity Studies of Genetically Modified Plants : A Review of the Published Literature
.........................................................................................................................................................................49
ORIGINAL TITLE: Review of potential environmental impacts of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean
in Brazil...........................................................................................................................................................49
ORIGINAL TITLE: Molecular farming on the rise -GMO regulators still walking a tightrope....................51
ORIGINAL TITLE: The politics and science behind GMO acceptance........................................................52
ORIGINAL TITLE: Biotechnology in agriculture..........................................................................................53
ORIGINAL TITLE: Patents and transgenic plants. Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on In
Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding. Debrecen, Hungary, September 12-17, 2004...............................54
ORIGINAL TITLE: Patents and transgenic plants. Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on In
Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding. Debrecen, Hungary, September 12-17, 2004...............................55
ORIGINAL TITLE: Letting the gene out of the bottle : the population genetics of genetically modified
crops................................................................................................................................................................57
ORIGINAL TITLE: Molecular plant breeding : achievements in green biotechnology and future
perspectives.....................................................................................................................................................58
ORIGINAL TITLE: Environmental risks of genetic engineering. Plant breeding and crop domestication as
sources of new invasive species......................................................................................................................59
ORIGINAL TITLE: Genetically modified plants and food hypersensitivity diseases : Usage and
implications of experimental models for risk assessment...............................................................................60
ORIGINAL TITLE: Gene Flow and Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Escaped Canola Populations...........61
ORIGINAL TITLE: Ecological versus ecotoxicological methods for assessing the environmental risks of
transgenic crops...............................................................................................................................................62
ORIGINAL TITLE: Recasting "substantial equivalence" : Transatlantic governance of GM food...............63
TITLE: Genetically modified organisms: do the benefits outweigh the risks?...............................................64
TITLE: Allergenicity assessment of genetically modified crops--what makes sense?...................................65
TITLE: Genetic and ecological consequences of transgene flow to the wild flora.........................................66
TITLE: Assessing effects of transgenic crops on soil microbial communities...............................................67
TITLE: Assessing environmental risks of transgenic plants...........................................................................68
TITLE: Ecological impacts of genetically modified crops: ten years of field research and commercial
cultivation........................................................................................................................................................69
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Définition
On considérera préférentiellement les Organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM) qui font
actuellement l’objet de débats : OGM d’intérêt agricole, végétaux cultivés ou animaux d’élevage (à
l’exclusion des animaux de laboratoire) à finalité alimentaire, énergétique ou pharmaceutique et
susceptibles d’être disséminés à grande échelle dans l’environnement.
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Mises au point scientifiques et technologiques (articles de
synthèse)
Français
Notice ISD (International Science Database)
ORIGINAL TITLE: Impact environnemental des cultures transgéniques : I. La migration des
transgènes
TRANSLATED TITLE: Environmental impact of transgenic crops : I. Transgene migration
PERSONAL AUTHOR: Michaud-Dominique
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Centre de recherche en horticulture : Université Laval, Québec
(Québec) : Canada G1K 7P4
SOURCE: Phytoprotection. 2005; 86 (2): 93-105, http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/012510ar
NOTES: 160
PUBLISHER: Société de protection des plantes du Québec , Saint-Faustin-Lac carré, CANADA
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2005
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: CANADA
LANGUAGE: French
LITERATURE TYPE: Serial
ABSTRACT: L'adoption à grande échelle des cultures transgéniques depuis dix ans a soulevé de
nombreuses questions quant aux impacts possibles de ces nouvelles lignées végétales sur les
écosystèmes agricoles et naturels. Des questions ont été soulevées, en particulier, sur le devenir des
transgènes dans le milieu et sur une possible " pollution " du patrimoine génétique des organismes
vivants à l'échelle des écosystèmes. Après une énumération des impacts environnementaux associés
aux végétaux transgéniques, cet article de synthèse dresse un aperçu des connaissances actuelles
sur le devenir - ou la migration - des transgènes dans le milieu. Les phénomènes d'hybridation et
d'introgression génique en direction d'espèces ou de lignées apparentées sont d'abord abordés, après
quoi sont considérés les phénomènes de transfert horizontal des transgènes en direction
d'organismes non apparentés. Un article complémentaire publié dans ce même numéro traite de
l'impact environnemental des protéines recombinantes encodées par les transgènes (Michaud
2005).
The large-scale adoption of transgenic crops over the last ten years has led several groups to
question the possible impacts of these new plant lines on agricultural and natural ecosystems. In
particular, questions have been raised about the impact of the transgenes on the environment, and
about an eventual "pollution" of the overall genetic pool of living organisms at the ecosystem level.
After an introduction on the possible environmental impacts of transgenic plants, this review
summarizes the current knowledge on the fate - or migration - of transgenes in the environment.
Hybridization and introgression processes involving transgenic crops and their close relatives are
first considered. Transgene integration in non-related organisms by horizontal gene transfer is then
considered. A companion review in this same issue addresses the environmental impacts of
recombinant proteins encoded by the transgenes (Michaud 2005).
ABSTRACT INDICATOR: AB
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AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Environmental-impact; transgene-introgression; horizontal-genetransfer; interspecific-hybridization; intraspecific-hybridization; transgenic-crops; Culturestransgéniques; hybridation-interspécifique; hybridation-intraspécifique; impact-environnemental;
introgression-génique; transfert-génique-horizontal
JOURNAL NAME: Phytoprotection
LOCATION OF PRIMARY DOCUMENT: INIST No. 354000600020200005
ACCESSION NUMBER: 19232805
SOURCE OF INDEXING: ERUDIT
COPYRIGHT: Tous droits réservés (c) Société de protection des plantes du Québec (SPPQ), 2005
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 86
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 93
LAST PAGE: 105
ORIGINAL TITLE: Impact environnemental des cultures transgéniques : II. L'impact des
caractères recombinants
TRANSLATED TITLE: Environmental impact of transgenic crops : II. Impact of recombinant
traits
PERSONAL AUTHOR: Michaud-Dominique
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Centre de recherche en horticulture : Université Laval, Québec
(Québec) : Canada G1K 7P4
SOURCE: Phytoprotection. 2005; 86 (2): 107-124, http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/012511ar
NOTES: 188
PUBLISHER: Société de protection des plantes du Québec , Saint-Faustin-Lac carré, CANADA
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: CANADA
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: La publication d'un article scientifique sur les effets néfastes d'un hybride de maïs
transgénique exprimant une delta-endotoxine du Bacillus thuringiensis contre des larves du
papillon monarque causait, il y a quelques années, une controverse sans précédent sur l'impact
environnemental des caractères recombinants introduits au bagage génétique des cultures agricoles.
Le présent article de synthèse, complémentaire à un article de ce même numéro abordant la
migration des transgènes dans l'environnement (Michaud 2005), discute de l'impact des caractères
recombinants encodés par les transgènes sur l'incidence et le développement des différents
organismes vivants du milieu. L'impact des nouveaux caractères est d'abord considéré à l'échelle
des écosystèmes, à la lumière des effets exercés par les pratiques agricoles courantes sur la diversité
biologique au champ. L'impact de ces caractères est ensuite considéré en fonction des interactions
spécifiques établies au champ ou en conditions de laboratoire entre la plante modifiée et une gamme
d'espèces modèles incluant des ravageurs herbivores secondaires, des arthropodes prédateurs et
différents organismes du sol.
A scientific communication reporting the deleterious effects on monarch butterfly larvae of a
transgenic corn hybrid expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin has caused, a few years
ago, an unprecedented controversy on the environmental impact of recombinant traits introduced
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into the genome of agricultural crops. This review, complementing a review in this same issue on
transgene migration in the environment (Michaud 2005), addresses the impact of these new traits
on the development and survival of different non-target living organisms present in the
environment. The impact of these new traits is first considered at the ecosystem level, in relation
with the effects of current agricultural practices on field biodiversity. The impact of these traits is
then considered in relation with the specific interactions established in the field or under laboratory
conditions between the modified plant and a collection of model organisms including secondary
herbivorous pests, predatory arthropods and different species of the soil community.
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Biodiversity-; environmental-impact; multitrophic-interactions;
recombinant-proteins; transgenic-crops; Biodiversité-; cultures-transgéniques; impactenvironnemental; interactions-multitrophiques; protéines-recombinantes
JOURNAL NAME: Phytoprotection
SOURCE OF INDEXING: ERUDIT
COPYRIGHT: Tous droits réservés (c) Société de protection des plantes du Québec (SPPQ), 2005
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 86
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 107
LAST PAGE: 124
ORIGINAL TITLE: Modification génétique des oléagineux pour de nouvelles matières grasses et
perspectives nutritionnelles
PERSONAL AUTHOR: PASCAL-Gérard
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Inra, Paris, FRANCE
CONFERENCE OR MEETING INFORMATION: Journées Chevreul de l'Association française
pour l'étude des corps gras (AFECG), 20050405, Paris, FRANCE
SOURCE: OCL.-Oléagineux,-corps-gras,-lipides. 2005; 12 (5-6): 366-369
NOTES: 5 ref.
PUBLISHER: Libbey-Eurotext, Montrouge, FRANCE
ISSN: 1258-8210
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: FRANCE
LANGUAGE: French
LITERATURE TYPE: Serial; Conference-Meeting
ABSTRACT: The difference between the potential applications of genetically modified plants
(GMP) and the reality of agriculture is very big; it is enough to compare the laboratory applications
published in scientific reviews or the patents, with what is effectively cultivated today. The real
applications concern almost exclusively four botanical species, soya, corn, cotton and canola and
two types of modifications, herbicide tolerance and insects resistance. An attempt of prospective is
presented here. It is based on the strategies of development of two of the biggest firms of vegetable
biotechnologies, Monsanto and DuPont. The recent or future applications in human food or animal
feed of GMP which concern fats are rare; they concerned modifications of content in lipids and
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especially composition in fatty acids essentially in soya, even corn. The current applications
concern soya oils with lowered content in a linolenic acid which have hardly just been launched on
the market. In longer term, soya oils containing n-3 long chain fatty acids should make their
appearance on the market. But the major developments will always concern the agronomic
characters of plants of large cultures, within the framework of an extensive agriculture in the big
agricultural countries or in country in emergence as well as uses of PGM for energy production
purposes.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A31C02A5B; 002A32D02B; 002A35B08; 215
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Unsaturated-fatty-acid; Polyunsaturated-fatty-acid; Biochemicalcompound; Lipids-; Cereal-crop; Oils-and-fats-industry; Vegetable-oil; Genetic-engineering;
Biotechnology-; Fiber-crop; Genetically-modified-organism; Malvaceae-; Cruciferae-;
Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-; Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Dicotyledones-; Leguminosae-;
Energy-plantation; Animal-feeding; Oilseed-; n-3-fatty-acid; Fatty-acids; Gossypium-; Brassicanapus-var.-oleifera; Zea-mays; Glycine-max; Soybean-oil; Genetically-modified-food; Nutritivevalue; New-product; Fat-; Vegetable-fat; Transgenic-plant; Genetic-transformation; Oil-plant(vegetal)
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Acide-gras-insaturé; Acide-gras-polyinsaturé; Composébiochimique; Lipide-; Plante-céréalière; Industrie-corps-gras; Huile-végétale; Génie-génétique;
Biotechnologie-; Plante-à-fibres; Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Malvaceae-; Cruciferae-;
Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-; Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Dicotyledones-; Leguminosae-;
Plantation-énergétique; Alimentation-animale; Graine-oléagineuse; Acide-gras-n-3; Acide-gras;
Gossypium-; Brassica-napus-var.-oleifera; Zea-mays; Glycine-max; Huile-soja; Alimenttransgénique; Valeur-nutritive; Produit-nouveau; Matière-grasse; Corps-gras-végétal; Plantetransgénique; Transformation-génétique; Plante-oléagineuse
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: PGM-; fatty-acids; soya-; corn-; n-3JOURNAL NAME: OCL.-Oléagineux,-corps-gras,-lipides
LOCATION OF PRIMARY DOCUMENT: INIST-CNRS, Shelf Number 22926, INIST No.
354000142771320040
ACCESSION NUMBER: 17652021; 060232568
SOURCE OF INDEXING: INIST
COPYRIGHT: Copyright 2006 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 12
NUMERO: 5-6
FIRST PAGE: 366
LAST PAGE: 369
SHELF NUMBER: 22926
ORIGINAL TITLE: Plantes génétiquement modifiées (PGM) et pays en développement
TRANSLATED TITLE: Genetically modified plants (GMPs) and developing countries
PERSONAL AUTHOR: HOUDEBINE-Louis-Marie
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Institut national de la recherche agronomique (Inra), Unité mixte
de recherche (UMR) Biologie du développement et reproduction, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, FRANCE
SOURCE: Agricultures. 2006; 15 (2): 227-231
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NOTES: 55 ref.
PUBLISHER: Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, FRANCE
ISSN: 1166-7699
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: Une partie significative des produits agroalimentaires provient désormais de plantes
génétiquement modifiées (PGM). Quatre plantes de grande culture - le maïs, le coton, le soja et le
colza - se partagent actuellement le marché des PGM. Le niveau de ces cultures tend vers un plateau
dans les pays ou elles se sont implantées en premier, les États-Unis et le Canada. Ces nouvelles
variétés apportent, selon les cas, des avantages limités mais significatifs aux agriculteurs:
simplification des cultures, augmentation des revenus, diminution de la pollution de
l'environnement. Ce sont essentiellement des PGM résistantes à des maladies ou à des herbicides
qui sont actuellement exploitées. Ces PGM sont par ailleurs en très grande majorité utilisées pour
l'alimentation animale. La papaye résistante à un virus est une des rares PGM destinée aux
consommateurs humains et effectivement exploitée. En toute logique, l'obtention de nouvelles
variétés via la transgenèse doit pouvoir apporter dans certains cas des avantages beaucoup plus
substantiels et surtout rapides aux communautés humaines qui souffrent de pénuries alimentaires.
Des PGM en cours d'études visent à améliorer la qualité des aliments, en particulier, en augmentant
leur teneur en vitamines, en antioxydants, en acides gras polyinsaturés, etc. Certains projets en
cours indiquent que l'approche PGM commence à répondre aux espoirs qu'on avait placés en elle.
L'utilisation des PGM dans certains pays en développement reste limitée par une diffusion encore
restreinte des techniques, par des problèmes de propriété industrielle mais plus directement par
une insuffisance des instances réglementaires locales chargées de définir comment les PGM
peuvent être utilisées sans risque particulier. Cet article se propose de faire le point sur les
conditions dans lesquelles les pays en développement peuvent tirer avantage des PGM.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A32D02B
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetic-engineering; Transgenic-plant; Cultivated-plant;
Developing-countries
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Génie-génétique; Plante-transgénique; Plante-cultivée; Pays-endéveloppement
JOURNAL NAME: Agricultures
354000153325060070
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 15
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 227
LAST PAGE: 231
SHELF NUMBER: 27105
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ORIGINAL TITLE: Les applications de la transgenèse animale
TRANSLATED TITLE: Applications of animal transgenesis
PERSONAL AUTHOR: HOUDEBINE-Louis-Marie
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Unité de Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut
National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, FRANCE
SOURCE: Bulletin-de-l-Académie-vétérinaire-de-France. 2005; 158: 487-498
NOTES: 31 ref.
PUBLISHER: Académie vétérinaire de France, Paris, FRANCE
ISSN: 0001-4192
CODEN: BAVFAV
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: La transgenèse offre la possibilité de replacer un gène dans son environnement
complexe qu'est un organisme entier et de créer des lignées d'animaux portant des caractères
génétiques nouveaux ou ayant perdu un gène. Ceci permet de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de
la régulation de l'expression des gènes mais aussi leur fonction dans l'organisme. La transgenèse
permet de créer des modèles pour l'étude de maladies humaines et de préparer des animaux qui sont
potentiellement des sources d'organes et de cellules pour l'homme mais aussi de protéines
thérapeutiques. Les animaux d'élevage peuvent être génétiquement modifiés et bénéficier ainsi
d'un accroissement accéléré et ciblé de la diversité génétique. Les succès de la transgenèse animale
se heurtent encore à divers problèmes notamment techniques et financiers. Le transfert de gène reste
difficile chez les gros animaux même si de nouvelles techniques ont apporté des progrès décisifs.
Un autre problème est celui de l'expression des transgènes qui est souvent mal contrôlée. Ceci
oblige à multiplier le nombre des animaux fondateurs de lignées pour ne garder que les meilleurs et
pour limiter les effets secondaires imprévisibles de la transgenèse. Les applications de la
transgenèse aux animaux d'élevages sont également limitées par la disponibilité de gènes
susceptibles d'apporter une amélioration significative des lignées préexistantes. Les applications de
la transgenèse animale doivent également faire face à des problèmes de biosécurité et
d'acceptabilité par les consommateurs. Cette revue se propose de faire le point sur les avancées de la
transgenèse animale.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A05
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Veterinary-; MicrobiologyDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Vétérinaire-; MicrobiologieAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: transgenèse-; animaux-d'élevage; biosécurité-; acceptabilitéJOURNAL NAME: Bulletin-de-l-Académie-vétérinaire-de-France
354000115137110040
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 158
FIRST PAGE: 487
LAST PAGE: 498
SHELF NUMBER: 815
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Anglais
ORIGINAL TITLE: Implementing isolation perimeters around genetically modified maize fields
PERSONAL AUTHOR: DEVOS-Yann; REHEUL-Dirk; THAS-Olivier; DE-CLERCQ-Eva-M;
COUGNON-Mathias; CORDEMANS-Karl
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience
Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, BELGIUM; Department of
Applied Mathematics, Biometrics and Process Control, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, BELGIUM; Department of Forest and Water
Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000
Ghent, BELGIUM; Department of Rural Development, Flemish Land Agency, Gulden Vlieslaan
72, 1060 Brussels, BELGIUM
SOURCE: Agronomy-for-sustainable-development. 2007; 27 (3): 155-165
NOTES: 3/4 p.
PUBLISHER: EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, FRANCE
ISSN: 1774-0746
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Due to the growing cultivation area of genetically modified (GM) maize and the
rising number of GM maize varieties commercially available to European farmers, the co-existence
between GM and non-GM maize is becoming a burning issue in some European regions. Hence,
Member States are imposing or discussing specific co-existence measures to keep the adventitious
presence of GM material in non-GM produces below the established labelling threshold. As maize
is a cross-pollinated crop that uses wind for the dispersal of its pollen, on-farm co-existence
measures may rely on the spatial isolation of GM and non-GM maize fields. In this study, we
developed an approach that combines geographic information system (GIS) datasets with Monte
Carlo simulations to assess the feasibility of implementing isolation perimeters around GM maize
fields, since its practical implementation is rarely addressed in the co-existence debate. More
specifically, five scenarios differing in shares and spatial distributions of GM maize were tested for
various isolation perimeters in two agricultural areas in Flanders (Belgium). The GIS analyses
emphasised the small size of maize fields and their scattered distribution throughout the cropped
area. The feasibility of implementing isolation perimeters was largely affected by the (GM) maize
share, the spatial distribution of GM maize, and the width of isolation perimeters. The higher the
(GM) maize share and the wider the isolation perimeter, the higher the proportions of farmers with
non-GM maize fields occurring within the implemented isolation perimeter. Compared with
randomly distributed GM maize fields, the clustering of GM maize fields on a larger scale and at
the farm level increased the feasibility of implementing isolation perimeters. The approach
developed proved to be a valuable tool to quantify the feasibility of implementing isolation
perimeters under real agricultural conditions.
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CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A31D07E; 002A32D02B; 215
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Agroecosystem-; Reproductive-pattern; Sexual-reproduction; Floralbiology; Genetic-engineering; Biotechnology-; Cereal-crop; Genetically-modified-organism;
Europe-; Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-; Scenario-(modeling);
Cross-pollination; Conventional-cultivar; Belgium-; Zea-mays; Implementation-; Perimeter-;
Isolation-; Transgenic-plant; Cultivated-field
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Zone-tempérée; Europe-Ouest; Agroécosystème-; Régimereproduction; Reproduction-sexuée; Biologie-florale; Génie-génétique; Biotechnologie-; Type-C4;
Plante-céréalière; Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Europe-; Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-;
Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-; Scénario-(modélisation); Pollinisation-croisée; Cultivarconventionnel; Belgique-; Echelon-régional; Variation-géographique; Répartition-spatiale;
Pollinisation-; Mélangeage-; Flux-matière; Coexistence-; Allogamie-; Système-informationgéographique; Simulation-statistique; Mauvaise-herbe; Flore-associée; Cultivar-; Pollen-;
Isolement-géographique; Biosécurité-; Zea-mays; Implémentation-; Périmètre-; Isolement-; Plantetransgénique; Champ-cultivé
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: adventitious-mixing; co-existence-; cross-fertilisation-; geneticallymodified-crops; geographic-information-system; isolation-perimeters; pollen-flow; regionalvariation; simulationsJOURNAL NAME: Agronomy-for-sustainable-development
354000162371260010
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 27
NUMERO: 3
FIRST PAGE: 155
LAST PAGE: 165
SHELF NUMBER: 18476
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Pharming and transgenic plants.
AUTHOR: Lienard,-D; Sourrouille,-C; Gomord,-V; Faye,-L
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Universite de Rouen, CNRS UMR 6037, IFRMP 23, GDR 2590,
Faculte des Sciences, Bat. Ext. Biologie, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.
SOURCE: Biotechnol-Annu-Rev. 2007; 13: 115-47
JOURNAL NAME: Biotechnology-annual-review
ISSN (PRINT VERSION): 1387-2656
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Netherlands
MAIN ABSTRACT: Plant represented the essence of pharmacopoeia until the beginning of the
19th century when plant-derived pharmaceuticals were partly supplanted by drugs produced by the
industrial methods of chemical synthesis. In the last decades, genetic engineering has offered an
alternative to chemical synthesis, using bacteria, yeasts and animal cells as factories for the
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production of therapeutic proteins. More recently, molecular farming has rapidly pushed towards
plants among the major players in recombinant protein production systems. Indeed, therapeutic
protein production is safe and extremely cost-effective in plants. Unlike microbial fermentation,
plants are capable of carrying out post-translational modifications and, unlike production systems
based on mammalian cell cultures, plants are devoid of human infective viruses and prions.
Furthermore, a large panel of strategies and new plant expression systems are currently developed
to improve the plant-made pharmaceutical's yields and quality. Recent advances in the control of
post-translational maturations in transgenic plants will allow them, in the near future, to perform
human-like maturations on recombinant proteins and, hence, make plant expression systems
suitable alternatives to animal cell factories.
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Biotechnology
SUBSET: Index-Medicus
UPDATE CODE: 20070918
ENTRY DATE: 20070918
RECORD OWNER: National-Library-of-Medicine
PUBLISHING MODEL: Citation processed from: Print
Journal available in: Print
RECORD FEATURES: IN-DATA-REVIEW (IR); ABSTRACT (AB)
ORIGINAL TITLE: Agricultural applications for transgenic livestock
PERSONAL AUTHOR: WHEELER-Matthew-B
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced
Science and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, Department of Animal Sciences,
University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, UNITED-STATES
SOURCE: Trends-in-biotechnology. 2007; 25 (5): 204-210
NOTES: 51 ref.
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Science, Oxford, UNITED-KINGDOM
ISSN: 0167-7799
CODEN: TRBIDM
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-KINGDOM
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Transgenic animals are produced by introducing 'foreign' DNA into the genetic
material of pre-implantation embryos. This DNA is present in all tissues of the resulting individual.
This technique is of great importance to many aspects of biomedical science, including gene
regulation, the immune system, cancer research, developmental biology, biomedicine,
manufacturing and agriculture. The production of transgenic animals is one of several new and
developing technologies that will have a profound impact on the genetic improvement of livestock.
The rate at which these technologies are incorporated into production schemes will determine the
speed at which we will be able to achieve our goal of more efficiently producing livestock that
meets consumer and market demand.
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CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A31; 215
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Review-; Transgenic-animal; Livestock-; Application-;
AgricultureDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Article-synthèse; Animal-transgénique; Bétail-; Application-;
AgricultureJOURNAL NAME: Trends-in-biotechnology
354000149518760050
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 25
NUMERO: 5
FIRST PAGE: 204
LAST PAGE: 210
SHELF NUMBER: 20229
ORIGINAL TITLE: Studies on feeds from genetically modified plants (GMP) : Contributions to
nutritional and safety assessment. Advances in feed safety
PERSONAL AUTHOR: BLAIR-Robert, Editor; WISEMAN-Julian, Editor; FLACHOWSKY-G;
AULRICH-K; BÖHME-H; HALLE-I
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Faculty of Land and Food systems, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CANADA; Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,
Sutton Bonnington Campus, University of Nottingham, UNITED-KINGDOM; Institute of Animal
Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig,
GERMANY; Institute of Organic Farming, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Trenthorst
32, 23847 Westerau, GERMANY
SOURCE: Animal-feed-science-and-technology. 2007; 133 (1-2): 2-30
NOTES: 2 p.1/4
PUBLISHER: Elsevier, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0377-8401
CODEN: AFSTDH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: NETHERLANDS
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Since 1997, 18 studies with feeds from genetically modified plants (GMP) in the
nutrition of dairy cows, growing bulls, growing and finishing pigs, laying hens, chicken for
finishing as well as growing and laying quails were conducted at the Federal Agricultural Research
Centre (FAL) in Braunschweig (Germany). The majority of the experiments (16) were undertaken
with GMP of the so-called first generation (plants with input traits and without substantial changes
in composition) such as Bt-maize, Pat-maize, Pat-sugar beet, Gt-soybean, Gt-potatoes and Btpotatoes. Two studies were carried out with GMP of the second generation (plants with output traits
or with substantial changes in their chemical composition) such as an altered fatty acids profile in
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rapeseed or inulin potatoes. In all experiments, feeds from GMP were compared with their isogenic
counterparts. The iso- and transgenic feeds were analysed for their composition (proximates, fibre
fraction, amino acids, fatty acid pattern, minerals) and undesirable substances (e.g., mycotoxins).
Animal studies were carried out for nutritional and safety assessment such as digestibility, feed
intake, health and performance of target animal species and quality of food of animal origin.
Reproduction was studied in a 10-generation experiment with quails and a 4-generation experiment
with laying hens. Duration of experiments and number of animals were limited in some cases due to
small amounts of GM-feed available for experimentation. Attention was drawn to the fate of DNA
during feed processing (silage making, oil extraction), in the digestive tract of animals (slaughtering
of animals 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after feeding) and in the animal body (samples from several organs
and tissues). In agreement with more than 100 animal studies available to date, results show no
significant differences in the nutritional value of feeds from GMP of the first generation in
comparison with non-GMP varieties. To date, no fragments of recombinant DNA have been found
in any organ or tissue sample from animals fed GMP. The lower content of mycotoxins in Bt-maize
and side effects in GMP of the second generation are of safety concern. The results indicate that
routine feeding studies with target animal species add little to nutritional assessment of feed from
GMP of the first generation, but they are of public interest and important for safety assessment.
These studies will play a more important role in nutritional and safety assessment of feeds from
GMP with output traits. Proposals for such studies were made on the basis of previous experiments.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A35B15
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: DNA-; Chemical-composition; Nutrition-; Animal-; GMP-;
Transgenic-plant; FeedDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: DNA-; Composition-chimique; Nutrition-; Animal-; GMP-; Plantetransgénique; Aliment-pour-animal
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Genetical-modified-plants; Animal-nutrition; Composition-;
Nutritional-assessment; Fate-of-DNA
JOURNAL NAME: Animal-feed-science-and-technology
354000159608010010
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 133
NUMERO: 1-2
FIRST PAGE: 2
LAST PAGE: 30
SHELF NUMBER: 17215
ORIGINAL TITLE: A review of the detection and fate of novel plant molecules derived from
biotechnology in livestock production. Advances in feed safety
PERSONAL AUTHOR: BLAIR-Robert, Editor; WISEMAN-Julian, Editor; ALEXANDERTrevor-W; REUTER-Tim; AULRICH-Karen; SHARMA-Ranjana; OKINE-Erasmus-K; DIXONWalter-T; MCALLISTER-Tim-A
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AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Faculty of Land and Food systems, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CANADA; Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,
Sutton Bonnington Campus, University of Nottingham, UNITED-KINGDOM; Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, CANADA;
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional science, University of Alberta, Edmonton.
Alberta, T6G 2P5, CANADA; Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Institute of Organic Farming,
23847 Westerau, GERMANY
SOURCE: Animal-feed-science-and-technology. 2007; 133 (1-2): 31-62
NOTES: 5 p.1/4
ISSN: 0377-8401
CODEN: AFSTDH
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Since the commercialization of the first genetically modified (GM) crop in 1996,
the amount of arable land dedicated to the production of GM feed has increased significantly.
Despite widespread adoption of GM foods and feeds, public perception of their safety remains
mixed. To provide consumers the opportunity for choice, some countries have adopted mandatory
labeling of GM foods and feeds when their adventitious presence exceeds a defined threshold
percentage. Methods for detecting and quantifying GM plants in feeds include protein- and DNAbased assays, but their sensitivity may be influenced by the techniques used in feed processing.
Interest in the consumption of transgenic protein and DNA has prompted investigations of their
fate within the gastrointestinal tract of livestock and the potential to which transgenes or their
products may be incorporated into tissues. Transgenic protein has not been detected in any animal
tissues or products. Fragments of DNA from endogenous, high-copy number chloroplast genes
from plants have been detected in poultry, pig and ruminant tissues. Low-copy endogenous and
transgenic DNA in animal tissues have been detected but to a lesser extent than high-copy genes.
Current research suggests that the passage of dietary DNA fragments across the intestinal wall is a
natural physiological event, the likelihood of which is dependent on their concentration in the feed.
To date, the transgenic traits approved for expression in crops used as feeds have not posed a
safety concern for livestock.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A35B15; 002A36C03
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Farming-animal; Digestion-; Recombinant-protein; Gene-; Feed-;
Genetically-modified-organism; Transgenic-plant; Production-; Livestock-; Biotechnology-;
Control-method; Analysis-method; Detection-; ReviewDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Animal-élevage; Digestion-; Protéine-recombinante; Gène-; Alimentpour-animal; Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Plante-transgénique; Production-; Bétail-;
Biotechnologie-; Méthode-contrôle; Méthode-analyse; Détection-; Article-synthèse
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Genetically-modified-plant; Genetically-modified-feed;
Transgene-dejection; Gene-transfer; Recombinant-protein-detection; DigestionJOURNAL NAME: Animal-feed-science-and-technology
354000159608010020
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UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 133
NUMERO: 1-2
FIRST PAGE: 31
LAST PAGE: 62
SHELF NUMBER: 17215
ORIGINAL TITLE: Advances in transgenic rice biotechnology
PERSONAL AUTHOR: KATHURIA-Hitesh; GIRI-Jitender; TVAGI-Himani; TYAGI-AkhileshK
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Interdisciplinary Center for Plant Genomics and Department of
Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi-110021, INDIA
SOURCE: Critical-reviews-in-plant-sciences. 2007; 26 (2): 65-103
NOTES: 11 p.3/4
PUBLISHER: Taylor & Francis, Colchester, UNITED-KINGDOM
ISSN: 0735-2689
CODEN: CRPSD3
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Rice is the most amenable crop plant for genetic manipulation amongst monocots
due to its small genome size, enriched genetic map, availability of entire genome sequence, and
relative ease of transformation. Improvement in agronomic traits of rice is bound to affect a sizeable
population since it is a primary source of sustenance. Recent advances like use of 'clean gene'
technology or matrix attachment regions would help improve rice transformation. Function of
several novel genes and their promoters has been analyzed in transgenic rice. Significant progress
has been made in introducing traits like herbicide, biotic stress and abiotic stress tolerance.
Attempts also have been made to enhance nutritional characteristics of the grain and yield.
Identification of genes controlling growth and development can be used to modify plant architecture
and heading period. Transgenic rice can serve as a biofactory for the production of molecules of
pharmaceutical and industrial utility. The drive to apply transgenic rice for public good as well as
commercial gains has fueled research to an all time high. Successful field trials and biosafety of
transgenic rice have been reported. This would act as a catalyst for greater acceptance of
genetically modified food crops. The lessons learnt from rice can be extended to other cereals
thereby opening new opportunities and possibilities.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A31C02A5B; 002A32D02B; 215
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Cereal-crop; Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Monocotyledones-;
Gramineae-; Oryza-sativa; Review-; Genetic-improvement; Seed-yield; Transgenic-plant;
Tolerance-; Stress-; Genomics-; Genetic-transformation; BiosafetyDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Plante-céréalière; Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-;
Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-; Oryza-sativa; Article-synthèse; Amélioration-génétique;
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Rendement-semence; Plante-transgénique; Tolérance-; Stress-; Génomique-; Transformationgénétique; BiosécuritéAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: biosafety-; biotechnology-; genetic-enhancement; genetictransformation; genomics-; regulatory-elements; stress-tolerance; transgenic-plants; yieldJOURNAL NAME: Critical-reviews-in-plant-sciences
354000149443350010
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 26
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 65
LAST PAGE: 103
SHELF NUMBER: 20941
ORIGINAL TITLE: Use of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) for the bioremediation
of contaminants
PERSONAL AUTHOR: URGUN-DEMIRTAS-Meltem; STARK-Benjamin; PAGILLA-Krishna
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, UNITED-STATES; Department of Biological, Chemical and
Physical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, UNITED-STATES
SOURCE: Critical-reviews-in-biotechnology. 2006; 26 (3): 145-164
NOTES: 4 p.1/4
PUBLISHER: CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, UNITED-STATES
ISSN: 0738-8551
CODEN: CRBTE5
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a critical review of the literature on the application of
genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) in bioremediation. The important aspects of using
GEMs in bioremediation, such as development of novel strains with desirable properties through
pathway construction and the modification of enzyme specificity and affinity, are discussed in
detail. Particular attention is given to the genetic engineering of bacteria using bacterial hemoglobin
(VHb) for the treatment of aromatic organic compounds under hypoxic conditions. The application
of VHb technology may advance treatment of contaminated sites, where oxygen availability limits
the growth of aerobic bioremediating bacteria, as well as the functioning of oxygenases required for
mineralization of many organic pollutants. Despite the many advantages of GEMs, there are still
concerns that their introduction into polluted sites to enhance bioremediation may have adverse
environmental effects, such as gene transfer. The extent of horizontal gene transfer from GEMs in
the environment, compared to that of native organisms including benefits regarding bacterial
bioremediation that may occur as a result of such transfer, is discussed. Recent advances in tracking
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methods and containment strategies for GEMs, including several biological systems that have been
developed to detect the fate of GEMs in the environment, are also summarized in this review.
Critical research questions pertaining to the development and implementation of GEMs for
enhanced bioremediation have been identified and posed for possible future research.
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Contaminant-; Bioremediation-; Genetically-modifiedmicroorganism
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Contaminant-; Bioremédiation-; Microorganisme-génétiquementmodifié
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: genetically-engineered-microorganisms; bioremediation-;
contaminantsJOURNAL NAME: Critical-reviews-in-biotechnology
354000157126160020
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 26
NUMERO: 3
FIRST PAGE: 145
LAST PAGE: 164
SHELF NUMBER: 21234
ORIGINAL TITLE: Transgenic plants with improved dehydration-stress tolerance : progress and
future prospects
PERSONAL AUTHOR: CHERIAN-S; REDDY-M-P; FERREIRA-R-B
SOURCE: Biologia-plantarum. 2006; 50 (4): 481-495
PUBLISHER: Academia, Praha, CZECH-REPUBLIC
ISSN: 0006-3134
CODEN: BPABAJ
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: CZECH-REPUBLIC
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: This review summarizes the recent progress made towards the development of
transgenic plants with improved tolerance to water stress and salinity. Of the various strategies
employed, emphasis has been given to the genes engineered for the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants
and osmolytes. This review also briefly discusses the importance of the use of specific stress
inducible promoters and the future prospects of transgenic plants with improved agronomic traits.
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: compatible-solutes; environmental-stress; overexpression-; rd29Apromoter; regulatory-proteins-18-
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JOURNAL NAME: Biologia-plantarum
354000159780350010
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 50
NUMERO: 4
FIRST PAGE: 481
LAST PAGE: 495
SHELF NUMBER: 9182
ORIGINAL TITLE: Review : genetically modified plants for the promotion of human health
PERSONAL AUTHOR: YONEKURA-SAKAKIBARA-Keiko; SAITO-Kazuki
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku,
Yokohama 230-0045, JAPAN
SOURCE: Biotechnology-letters. 2006; 28 (24): 1983-1991
NOTES: 1 p.1/4
PUBLISHER: Springer, Dordrecht, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0141-5492
CODEN: BILED3
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Plants are attractive biological resources because of their ability to produce a huge
variety of chemical compounds, and the familiarity of production in even the most rural settings.
Genetic engineering gives plants additional characteristics and value for cultivation and postharvest. Genetically modified (GM) plants of the "first generation" were conferred with traits
beneficial to producers, whereas GM plants in subsequent "generations" are intended to provide
beneficial traits for consumers. Golden Rice is a promising example of a GM plant in the second
generation, and has overcome a number of obstacles for practical use. Furthermore, consumeracceptable plants with health-promoting properties that are genetically modified using native genes
are being developed. The emerging technology of metabolomics will also support the commercial
realization of GM plants by providing comprehensive analyzes of plant biochemical components.
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-;
Vitamin-; Rice-; Flavonoid-; Oryza-sativa; Carotenoid-; Health-; Human-; Transgenic-plant;
ReviewDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-;
Vitamine-; Riz-; Flavonoïde-; Oryza-sativa; Caroténoïde-; Santé-; Homme-; Plante-transgénique;
Article-synthèse
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AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Carotenoids-; Flavonoids-; Genetically-modified-plants; GoldenRice; Vitamin-A
JOURNAL NAME: Biotechnology-letters
354000145190790020
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 28
NUMERO: 24
FIRST PAGE: 1983
LAST PAGE: 1991
SHELF NUMBER: 18225
ORIGINAL TITLE: Genetic modification of plant metabolism for human health benefits
PERSONAL AUTHOR: DAVIES-Kevin-M
SOURCE: Mutation-research.-Fundamental-and-molecular-mechanisms-of-mutagenesis. 2007;
622 (1-2): 122-137
ISSN: 1386-1964
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: There has been considerable research progress over the past decade on elucidating
biosynthetic pathways for important human health components of crops. This has enabled the use of
genetic modification (GM) techniques to develop crop varieties with increased amounts of essential
vitamins and minerals, and improved profiles of 'nutraceutical' compounds. Much of the research
into vitamins and minerals has focused on generating new varieties of staple crops to improve the
diet of populations in developing nations. Of particular note is the development of new rice lines
with increased amounts of provitamin A and iron. Research on modifying production of
nutraceuticals has generally been aimed at generating new crops for markets in the developed
nations, commonly to deliver distinctive cultivars with high consumer appeal. Most progress on
nutraceuticals has been made with just a few types of metabolites to date, in particular in the
production of novel long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in oil-seed crops and to increase
amounts of flavonoids and carotenoids in tomato and potato. However, given the rapid progress on
elucidating plant metabolite biosynthetic pathways, wide-ranging success with metabolic
engineering for levels of human health-related compounds in plants would be expected in the near
future. A key aspect for future success will be better medical information to guide metabolic
engineering endeavors. Although the desired levels of many vitamins are known, detailed
information is lacking for most of the nutraceuticals that have attracted much interest over the past
few years.
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AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Biofortification-; Genetic-modification; Human-health; Plantbreeding
JOURNAL NAME: Mutation-research.-Fundamental-and-molecular-mechanisms-of-mutagenesis
LOCATION OF PRIMARY DOCUMENT: INIST-CNRS, Shelf Number 12206 A, INIST No.
354000150060010120
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 622
NUMERO: 1-2
FIRST PAGE: 122
LAST PAGE: 137
SHELF NUMBER: 12206 A
ORIGINAL TITLE: Landscape gene flow, coexistence and threshold effect : The case of
genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
PERSONAL AUTHOR: GRAZIANO-CEDDIA-M; BARTLETT-Mark; PERRINGS-Charles
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, YO10
5DD York, UNITED-KINGDOM; Department of Computer Science, University of York,
Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UNITED-KINGDOM; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona
State University, 85287-2402 AZ, UNITED-STATES
SOURCE: Ecological-modelling. 2007; 205 (1-2): 169-180
NOTES: 1 p.1/4
ISSN: 0304-3800
CODEN: ECMODT
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Globally there have been a number of concerns about the development of genetically
modified crops many of which relate to the implications of gene flow at various levels. In Europe
these concerns have led the European Union (EU) to promote the concept of 'coexistence'to allow
the freedom to plant conventional and genetically modified (GM) varieties but to minimise the
presence of transgenic material within conventional crops. Should a premium for non-GM varieties
emerge on the market, the presence of transgenes would generate a 'negative externality' to
conventional growers. The establishment of maximum tolerance level for the adventitious presence
of GM material in conventional crops produces a threshold effect in the external costs. The existing
literature suggests that apart from the biological characteristics of the plant under consideration (e.g.
self-pollination rates, entomophilous species, anemophilous species, etc.), gene flow at the
landscape level is affected by the relative size of the source and sink populations and the spatial
arrangement of the fields in the landscape. In this paper, we take genetically modified herbicide
tolerant oilseed rape (GM HT OSR) as a model crop. Starting from an individual pollen dispersal
function, we develop a spatially explicit numerical model in order to assess the effect of the size of
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the source/sink populations and the degree of spatial aggregation on the extent of gene flow into
conventional OSR varieties under two alternative settings. We find that when the transgene
presence in conventional produce is detected at the field level, the external cost will increase with
the size of the source area and with the level of spatial disaggregation. On the other hand when the
transgene presence is averaged among all conventional fields in the landscape (e.g. because of grain
mixing before detection), the external cost will only depend on the relative size of the source area.
The model could readily be incorporated into an economic evaluation of policies to regulate
adoption of GM HT OSR.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A14A02
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Dicotyledones-; Cruciferae-;
Pesticides-; Brassica-napus; Brassica-napus-var.-oleifera; Herbicide-; Models-; Aggregation-;
Coexistence-; Gene-flow; LandscapeDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Dicotyledones-; Cruciferae-;
Pesticide-; Brassica-napus; Brassica-napus-var.-oleifera; Herbicide-; Modèle-; Agrégation-;
Coexistence-; Flux-génique; PaysageAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Gene-flow; Coexistence-; Threshold-effect; Spatial-aggregation;
Oilseed-rape-(B.-napus)
JOURNAL NAME: Ecological-modelling
354000149627580140
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 205
NUMERO: 1-2
FIRST PAGE: 169
LAST PAGE: 180
SHELF NUMBER: 15732
Notice CC Search(R)
ACCESSION NUMBER: 0002532021-0001See Contents-Page
RECORD TYPE: Bibliographic-Record
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal
ARTICLE TITLE: Transgenic approaches for abiotic stress tolerance in plants: retrospect and
prospects
ARTICLE AUTHOR: Bhatnagar-Mathur-P; Vadez-V; Sharma-KK
REPRINT AUTHOR: Sharma, KK; Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop; Patancheru 502324;
Andhra Pradesh; India
RESEARCH INSTITUTION: Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra
Pradesh, India
EMAIL ADDRESS: Sharma, KK: [email protected]
SOURCE: PLANT-CELL-REPORTS. MAR 2008; 27 (3) : 411-424
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
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ISSN: 0721-7714
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Abiotic stresses including drought are serious threats to the sustainability of crop
yields accounting for more crop productivity losses than any other factor in rainfed agriculture.
Success in breeding for better adapted varieties to abiotic stresses depend upon the concerted efforts
by various research domains including plant and cell physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and
breeding. Use of modern molecular biology tools for elucidating the control mechanisms of abiotic
stress tolerance, and for engineering stress tolerant crops is based on the expression of specific
stress-related genes. Hence, genetic engineering for developing stress tolerant plants, based on the
introgression of genes that are known to be involved in stress response and putative tolerance,
might prove to be a faster track towards improving crop varieties. Far beyond the initial attempts to
insert "single-action" genes, engineering of the regulatory machinery involving transcription factors
has emerged as a new tool now for controlling the expression of many stress-responsive genes.
Nevertheless, the task of generating transgenic cultivars is not only limited to the success in the
transformation process, but also proper incorporation of the stress tolerance. Evaluation of the
transgenic plants under stress conditions, and understanding the physiological effect of the inserted
genes at the whole plant level remain as major challenges to overcome. This review focuses on the
recent progress in using transgenic technology for the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in
plants. This includes discussion on the evaluation of abiotic stress response and the protocols for
testing the transgenic plants for their tolerance under close-to-field conditions.
ABSTRACT INDICATOR: Yes
JOURNAL SUBJECT CATEGORIES: PLANT-SCIENCES; ANIMAL-AND-PLANTSCIENCE
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: abiotic-stress; drought-tolerance; genetic-engineering; transcriptionfactors; transpiration-efficiency
KEYWORDS PLUS: RESPONSIVE-GENE-EXPRESSION; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEINS;
TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE-GENE; MANGANESE-SUPEROXIDEDISMUTASE; ENHANCES-FREEZING-TOLERANCE; ELEMENT-BINDING-FACTOR;
DROUGHT-TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ARABIDOPSISTHALIANA
CC EDITION: Agriculture-Biology-and-Environmental-Sciences; Life-Sciences
NUMBER OF REFERENCES: 152
ISI DOCUMENT SOLUTION NUMBER: 263FD
Notice CC Search(R)
ACCESSION NUMBER: 0002514090-0004See Contents-Page
RECORD TYPE: Bibliographic-Record
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal
ARTICLE TITLE: Feedstock crop genetic engineering for alcohol fuels
ARTICLE AUTHOR: Sticklen-MB
REPRINT AUTHOR: Sticklen, MB; Michigan State Univ; Dept Crop & Soil Sci; Plant & Soil Sci
Bldg; E Lansing; MI 48824; USA
RESEARCH INSTITUTION: Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824
USA
EMAIL ADDRESS: Sticklen, MB: [email protected]
SOURCE: CROP-SCIENCE. NOV-DEC 2007; 47 (6) : 2238-2248
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DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
ISSN: 0011-183X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: One of the goals of the U.S. government is to have "cellulosic ethanol" produced
from a variety of sources, including feedstock crop biomass (a mass of raw material used in alcohol
fuels processing), because these biomass sources contain polysaccharides that can be converted into
fermentable sugars. Furthermore, the feedstock biomass sources are renewable and could become
available at a billion tonnes per year in the United States. There are three major steps associated
with the conversion of feedstock biomass into cellulosic ethanol. The first is the production of
hydrolysis enzymes such as microbial cellulases, which convert the cellulose of feedstock biomass
into fermentable sugars. The second step is the pretreatment processes used to break down the
recalcitrant lignocellulose complex of feedstock into more reactive intermediates and to remove the
lignin residues so the cellulase enzymes can have access to cellulose. The third step is fermentation
of sugars into ethanol. The first two steps are the subject of this review. Plant genetic engineering
has been used to directly express heterologous versions of cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes in
situ. Plants have also been genetically modified for less lignin content or for more digestible lignin.
An increase in feedstock polysaccharides and an increase in overall crop biomass via crop genetic
engineering have also been reported. This article reviews the advancements made in feedstock
crop genetic engineering in the above areas and discusses possible near-future perspectives.
ABSTRACT INDICATOR: Yes
JOURNAL SUBJECT CATEGORIES: AGRICULTURE/AGRONOMYKEYWORDS PLUS: PLANT-CELL-WALLS; MADS-BOX-GENE; CELLULOSEBIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSGENIC-TOBACCO; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; ACIDOTHERMUSCELLULOLYTICUS; PRETREATMENT-TECHNOLOGIES; LIGNOCELLULOSIC-BIOMASS;
CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; LIGNIN-BIOSYNTHESIS
CC EDITION: Agriculture-Biology-and-Environmental-Sciences
NUMBER OF REFERENCES: 126
ISI DOCUMENT SOLUTION NUMBER: 237XF
UPDATE CODE: 200802
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Transgenic farm animals: an update.
AUTHOR: Niemann,-H; Kues,-W-A
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Animal Breeding,
Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany. [email protected]
SOURCE: Reprod-Fertil-Dev. 2007; 19(6): 762-70
JOURNAL NAME: Reproduction,-fertility,-and-development
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Australia
MAIN ABSTRACT: The first transgenic livestock species were reported in 1985. Since then
microinjection of foreign DNA into pronuclei of zygotes has been the method of choice. It is now
being replaced by more efficient protocols based on somatic nuclear transfer that also permit
targeted genetic modifications. Lentiviral vectors and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)
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technology are also becoming important tools for transgenesis. In 2006 the European Medicines
Agency (EMEA) gave green light for the commercialistion of the first recombinant protein
produced in the milk of transgenic animals. Recombinant antithrombin III will be launched as
ATryn for prophylactic treatment of patients with congenital antithrombin deficiency. This
important milestone will boost the research activities in farm animal transgenesis. Recent
developments in transgenic techniques of farm animals are discussed in this review.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Animals,-Domestic-genetics; *Animals,-Domesticmetabolism; *Animals,-Genetically-Modified-genetics; *Animals,-Genetically-Modifiedmetabolism; *Gene-Transfer-Techniques; *Pharmaceutical-Preparations-metabolism;
*Recombinant-Proteins-biosynthesis
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: Agriculture-; Cloning,-Molecular; Swine-genetics
CHECK TAGS AND RESEARCH SUPPORT: Animals; Humans
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article; Research-Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: genetics; metabolism; biosynthesis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 0; 0
PRIME NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Pharmaceutical-Preparations; Recombinant-Proteins
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Reproductive-Medicine
REVIEW REFERENCES: 89 refs.
COMPLETION DATE: 20071011
RECORD FEATURES: ABSTRACT (AB)
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Animal transgenesis: state of the art and applications.
AUTHOR: Melo,-E-O; Canavessi,-A-M; Franco,-M-M; Rumpf,-R
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Av. W/5, Norte
Final, PBI, Sala 7B, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, CEP 70770-900. [email protected]
SOURCE: J-Appl-Genet. 2007; 48(1): 47-61
JOURNAL NAME: Journal-of-applied-genetics
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Poland
MAIN ABSTRACT: There is a constant expectation for fast improvement of livestock production
and human health care products. The advent of DNA recombinant technology and the possibility of
gene transfer between organisms of distinct species, or even distinct phylogenic kingdoms, has
opened a wide range of possibilities. Nowadays we can produce human insulin in bacteria or human
coagulation factors in cattle milk. The recent advances in gene transfer, animal cloning, and assisted
reproductive techniques have partly fulfilled the expectation in the field of livestock transgenesis.
This paper reviews the recent advances and applications of transgenesis in livestock and their
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derivative products. At first, the state of art and the techniques that enhance the efficiency of
livestock transgenesis are presented. The consequent reduction in the cost and time necessary to
reach a final product has enabled the multiplication of transgenic prototypes around the world. We
also analyze here some emerging applications of livestock transgenesis in the field of
pharmacology, meat and dairy industry, xenotransplantation, and human disease modeling. Finally,
some bioethical and commercial concerns raised by the transgenesis applications are discussed.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Animals,-Domestic-genetics; *Animals,-GeneticallyModified-genetics
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: Cloning,-Organism-history; Cloning,-Organism-trends;
Cloning,-Organism-veterinary; Disease-Models,-Animal; Genetic-Engineering-history; GeneticEngineering-trends; Genetic-Engineering-veterinary; History,-20th-Century; History,-21st-Century;
Milk-metabolism; Recombinant-Proteins-biosynthesis; Recombinant-Proteins-genetics;
Transplantation,-Heterologous
CHECK TAGS AND RESEARCH SUPPORT: Animals; Female; Humans
PUBLICATION TYPE: Historical-Article; Journal-Article; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: genetics; history; trends; veterinary; metabolism; biosynthesis
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 0
PRIME NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Recombinant-Proteins
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Genetics
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: The production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants.
AUTHOR: Napier,-J-A
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
[email protected]
SOURCE: Annu-Rev-Plant-Biol. 2007; 58: 295-319
JOURNAL NAME: Annual-review-of-plant-biology
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
MAIN ABSTRACT: The ability to genetically engineer plants has facilitated the generation of
oilseeds synthesizing non-native fatty acids. Two particular classes of fatty acids are considered in
this review. First, so-called industrial fatty acids, which usually contain functional groups such as
hydroxyl, epoxy, or acetylenic bonds, and second, very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
normally found in fish oils and marine microorganisms. For industrial fatty acids, there has been
limited progress toward obtaining high-level accumulation of these products in transgenic plants.
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For very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, although they have a much more complex
biosynthesis, accumulation of some target fatty acids has been remarkably successful. In this
review, we consider the probable factors responsible for these different outcomes, as well as the
potential for further optimization of the transgenic production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic
plants.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Fatty-Acids-biosynthesis; *Plants,-Genetically-Modifiedmetabolism
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: Fatty-Acid-Desaturases-genetics; Fatty-Acid-Desaturasesmetabolism; Fatty-Acids-chemistry; Fatty-Acids,-Unsaturated-biosynthesis; Fatty-Acids,Unsaturated-chemistry; Fish-Oils-biosynthesis; Genetic-Engineering; Lipid-Metabolism;
TransgenesPUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article; Research-Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: genetics; metabolism; biosynthesis; chemistry
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 0; 0; 0
EC NUMBER: EC 1.14.99.-; EC 1.14.99.PRIME NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Fatty-Acids; Fatty-Acids,-Unsaturated; Fish-Oils
ENZYME NAMES: Fatty-Acid-Desaturases; delta-12-fatty-acid-desaturase
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Botany
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Etudes
sur
les
problématiques
d’ordre
sanitaire,
environnemental ou économique (analysant les avantages et
les risques)
Français
ORIGINAL TITLE: Les plantes transgéniques (OGM végétaux) : connaissances et inconnues sur
les risques d'allergénicité
TRANSLATED TITLE: Transgenic plants (GM plants) : What we do and don't know about the
risks of allergenicity
PERSONAL AUTHOR: MONERET-VAUTRIN-Anne-D
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Service de médecine interne, immunologie clinique et
allergologie, hôpital universitaire, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54035 Nancy,
FRANCE
SOURCE: Revue-française-d-allergologie-et-d-immunologie-clinique. 2006; 46 (2): 85-91
NOTES: 32 ref.
PUBLISHER: Elsevier, Paris, FRANCE
ISSN: 0335-7457
CODEN: RFAIBB
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: Les OGM alimentaires d'origine végétale suscitent beaucoup d'attention en raison du
postulat d'un risque allergénique. Aucun risque allergique n'a été documenté pour les OGM de
première génération conférant aux variétés végétales une résistance aux herbicides et aux larves
d'insecte. Les expérimentations actuelles sur des OGM hypoallergéniques sont rapportées et
discutées. La seconde génération d'OGM portant sur des améliorations nutritionnelles correspondra
à des protéines d'intérêt d'origine végétale, présentes dans une fourchette prévisible de 4 à 8 % du
contenu protéique total. L'évaluation d'une potentialité allergénique différente de celle des variétés
naturelles devra être examinée au niveau des produits alimentaires - risque d'allergie alimentaire - et
au niveau des pollens - risque d'allergie respiratoire pour les populations vivant en régions de
culture. Les directives de l'OMS-FAO du Codex Alimentarius et de l'EFSA prévoient, pour les
protéines transgéniques, la recherche d'homologie in silico puis une recherche de réactivité croisée
avec les allergènes actuellement identifiés, ainsi qu'une étude précise d'éventuelles modifications
du protéome de la plante hôte. Une immunogénicité potentielle devra faire l'objet d'études animales
in vivo. Aucune étape ne permet de statuer formellement sur une absence de potentialité
allergénique, C'est pourquoi l'ensemble de ces données orientera plus vers une absence de
commercialisation de plantes transgéniques ne répondant pas à des critères de sécurité
correspondant au poids de l'évidence, qu'elle ne permettra d'affirmer l'absence certaine de risque de
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produits qui seront commercialisés. La surveillance des OGM végétaux commercialisés sera donc
indispensable. Cette revue précise les nécessités de sérothèques publiques de référence, et complète
les propositions de sélection des sérums issus de l'OMS-FAO par des critères précis. Elle propose la
mise en place de systèmes d'allergovigilance alliant les agences nationales et européennes de
sécurité sanitaire alimentaires et des centres de référence hospitalo-universitaires cliniques et
biologiques pour la constitution de ces sérothèques, en partenariat avec des réseaux d'allergologues
cliniciens. Ces derniers seront en mesure d'évaluer dans la population le risque de nouvelles
sensibilisations des variétés transgéniques comme de signaler les réactions allergiques aux
aliments nouveaux, transgéniques en particulier. Un tel projet est en cours de réalisation en France.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002B06; 002A06
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Immunopathology-; Immunology-; Serum-bank; Allergy-vigilance;
Sanitary-surveillance; Human-; Public-health; Epidemiology-; Risk-factor; Immune-response;
Allergenicity-; Vegetals-; Transgenic-plant; AllergyDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Immunopathologie-; Immunologie-; Sérothèque-; Allergovigilance-;
Surveillance-sanitaire; Homme-; Santé-publique; Epidémiologie-; Facteur-risque; Réponseimmune; Allergénicité-; Végétal-; Plante-transgénique; AllergieAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Plante-transgénique; Risque-allergique; Évaluation-;
Sérothèque-; Allergovigilance-; Santé-publique
JOURNAL NAME: Revue-française-d-allergologie-et-d-immunologie-clinique
354000135532280040
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 46
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 85
LAST PAGE: 91
SHELF NUMBER: 1651
ORIGINAL TITLE: Le principe de précaution demande-t-il d'interdire les OGM?
PERSONAL AUTHOR: GODARD-Olivier
SOURCE: Le-Débat. 2008 (148): 51-64
PUBLISHER: Sodis, Lagny, FRANCE
ISSN: 0246-2346
LANGUAGE: French
JOURNAL NAME: Le-Débat
354000183492830030
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UPDATE: 20080317
NUMERO: 148
FIRST PAGE: 51
LAST PAGE: 64
SHELF NUMBER: 24188
ORIGINAL TITLE: OGM et santé : mythes et réalités
PERSONAL AUTHOR: PASCAL-Gérard
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: INRA, Paris, FRANCE
SOURCE: Médecine-et-nutrition. 2007; 43 (3): 99-110
NOTES: 31 ref.
PUBLISHER: Simarre (La), Joué-les-Tours, FRANCE
ISSN: 0398-7604
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: Cet article concerne l'évaluation de la sécurité sanitaire des seules plantes
génétiquement modifiées (PGM). Les caractéristiques de ces PGM, leurs méthodes d'obtention, les
espèces végétales concernées et l'importance mondiale de leurs cultures sont décrites. Ces
connaissances sont nécessaires pour identifier les questions sanitaires potentielles qu'elles peuvent
poser : risques liés aux protéines nouvellement produites en très faible quantité dans la plante,
risque allergène de ces protéines et risques d'effets non-intentionnels, non-prévisibles de la
transformation génétique. Le premier type de risque peut être évalué par des méthodes classiques
de la toxicologie. Le risque allergène pour l'homme ne peut être évalué avec une sécurité absolue,
comme pour toute protéine alimentaire en raison d'une lacune de méthode totalement adaptée. Les
effets non-intentionnels sont évalués à partir d'une comparaison de la PGM avec la plante parentale
dont on estime qu'elle bénéficie d'une réputation d'innocuité. Aucun risque avéré n'a pu être mis en
évidence pour les PGM actuellement objet d'une demande de mise sur le marché en dépit des
affirmations de certains dont les arguments ne sont scientifiquement pas fondés, même s'ils sont
largement repris par les médias.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002B22; 002A16E
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetically-modified-organism; Tropical-medicine; Risk-;
Health-; Public-health
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Médecine-tropicale; Risque-;
Santé-; Santé-publique
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Plantes-génétiquement-modifiées; risques-sanitaires; innocuitédémontrée
JOURNAL NAME: Médecine-et-nutrition
354000174457280010
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UPDATE: 20080301
VOLUME: 43
NUMERO: 3
FIRST PAGE: 99
LAST PAGE: 110
SHELF NUMBER: 13335
ORIGINAL TITLE: La construction incomplète du marché européen des OGM : Une comparaison
des cadres institutionnels européen et américain à partir de la théorie des droits de propriété
TRANSLATED TITLE: The incomplete built-up of the GMO market in Europe A comparison of
US and European institutional frameworks based on the definition of the property rights applying to
GMOs
PERSONAL AUTHOR: HOMMEL-Thierry; VALCESCHINI-Egizio
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Sciences Po, FRANCE; INRA DARESE Services des Affaires
européennes, FRANCE
SOURCE: OCL.-Oléagineux,-corps-gras,-lipides. 2007; 14 (2): 73-80
NOTES: 23 ref.
PUBLISHER: Libbey-Eurotext, Montrouge, FRANCE
ISSN: 1258-8210
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: Based on a comparison of US and European legislation, this article analyses how the
fact of taking into account scientific observations and potential uncertainties modifies both
institutional frameworks and the possibilities of creating a market for goods - in this case,
genetically-modified seeds. In Europe the conditions for the creation of a transgenic seed market,
as defined by the 'property rights school', are not met. The article shows that the differences in
dissemination between Europe and the US stem from the way in which these goods are
characterized in the respective regulations. Whereas in the US GMOs are still not a category in its
own right and do not require the creation of a specific market, in Europe the fact of considering
them as innovative goods with uncertain characteristics complicates the definition of property rights
concerning them. The situation may nevertheless evolve in the US and move closer to the European
model.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A31A; 002A32A04; 002A35A07; 215
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Legal-sciences; Economics-; Industrialized-country;
Macroeconomics-; Food-industry; Biotechnology-; Industrial-economy; Agricultural-economics;
Market-economy; International-economy; Economic-market; America-; North-America; Marketregulation; Property-rights; Commodity-markets; Food-safety; Civil-responsibility; Responsibility-;
Production-quality; Food-legislation; Marketing-; Market-survey; Definition-; Institutionalanalysis; European-Union; Europe-; United-States; Comparative-study; Application-; Economic-31-
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theory; Patent-rights; Legislation-; Commercial-law; Institution-; Frame-; Incomplete-;
Construction-; Goods-services-market; Transgenic-plant; Genetically-modified-organism
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Sciences-juridiques; Sciences-économiques; Pays-industrialisé;
Macroéconomie-; Industrie-alimentaire; Biotechnologie-; Economie-industrielle; Economieagricole; Economie-marché; Economie-internationale; Marché-économique; Amérique-; Amériquedu-Nord; Réglementation-des-marchés; Droits-de-propriété; Marché-des-produits-de-base;
Salubrité-des-aliments; Responsabilité-civile; Responsabilité-; Qualité-production; Droitalimentaire; Commercialisation-; Etude-marché; Définition-; Analyse-institutionnelle; Unioneuropéenne; Europe-; Etats-Unis; Etude-comparative; Application-; Théorie-économique;
Propriété-industrielle; Législation-; Droit-commercial; Institution-; Cadre-; Incomplet-;
Construction-; Marché-biens-services; Plante-transgénique; Organisme-génétiquement-modifié
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: genetically-modified-organisms; property-rights; liability-rules;
food-european-legislation; food-US-legislation
JOURNAL NAME: OCL.-Oléagineux,-corps-gras,-lipides
354000161586030010
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 14
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 73
LAST PAGE: 80
SHELF NUMBER: 22926
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Les zones sans plantes genetiquement modifiees en droit Europeen. L'illegalite comme
strategie juridique.
[Zones without genetically modified plants in European law. Breaching the law as a legal
strategy]
AUTHOR: Hermitte,-M-A
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: [email protected]
SOURCE: J-Int-Bioethique. 2006 Sep; 17(3): 39-63
JOURNAL NAME: Journal-international-de-bioethique; International-journal-of-bioethics
LANGUAGE: French; Non-English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: France
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Genetic-Engineering-legislation-and-jurisprudence; *Plants,Genetically-Modified
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: EuropeCHECK TAGS AND RESEARCH SUPPORT: Humans
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article; Research-Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: legislation-and-jurisprudence
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Ethics
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SUBSET: Bioethics; Index-Medicus
ORIGINAL TITLE: Les plantes génétiquement modifiées dans les PVD : Entre discours et réalité
TRANSLATED TITLE: Plants genetically modified in the Developing Countries: Between
speech and reality
PERSONAL AUTHOR: RAFFIN-Thierry
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: industrie agro-alimentaire, sociologue, ancien président
d'Inf'OGM, FRANCE
SOURCE: Revue-Tiers-monde. 2006 (188): 705-720
NOTES: 1 p.1/4
PUBLISHER: Presses universitaires de France, Paris, FRANCE
ISSN: 1293-8882
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: Depuis le milieu des années 1990, la question des plantes génétiquement modifiées
(PGM) taraude la compétition économique entre les États-Unis et l'Europe. L'Afrique, continent
emblématique des problématiques du développement et du problème récurrent de la faim dans le
monde, apparaît comme le terrain de cette opposition. Les promoteurs des OGM tentent de
s'appuyer sur ces problèmes pour le développement des biotechnologies végétales; les opposants
dénoncent cette prétention des PGM à régler les questions de la faim et du développement dans les
PVD. Dans cette compétition mondiale, la mise en place dans ces pays, à l'instigation des ÉtatsUnis, de réseaux et de relais appuyés sur les instituts de recherche nationaux, plaidant et oeuvrant
pour une " nouvelle révolution verte génétique ", ne semble pas véritablement permettre une
appropriation de ces nouvelles biotechnologies par les PVD. Les conditions culturales et les savoirs
sociotechniques traditionnels restent trop souvent en dehors de l'équation biotechnologique. Cela
n'est pas sans produire des tensions, des inquiétudes, des résistances dans les milieux des petits
producteurs agricoles.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 52147; 521XII; 521
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetically-modified-organism; Developing-Countries;
Appropriation-of-knowledge; Technological-transfer; United-States-Of-America; Development-;
Africa-; PlantDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Incapacité-; Biotechnologie-;
Pays-en-voie-de-développement; Appropriation-du-savoir; Transfert-technologique; Etats-Unis-;
Développement-; Afrique-; Plante-33-
OGM
JOURNAL NAME: Revue-Tiers-monde
354000143222500010
UPDATE: 20080107
NUMERO: 188
FIRST PAGE: 705
LAST PAGE: 720
SHELF NUMBER: 26854
ORIGINAL TITLE: Les plantes génétiquement modifiées peuvent-elles nourrir le tiers monde ?
TRANSLATED TITLE: Can the genetically modified plants feed the Third World?
PERSONAL AUTHOR: BEAUVAL-Valentin; DUFUMIER-Marc
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: AVSF, de I'IRAM, de FAFDI et de la Confédération Paysanne,
FRANCE; Institut national agronomique Paris-Grignon (INAPG), FRANCE
NOTES: 18 ref.
ISSN: 1293-8882
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: Sur les 6,5 milliards d'humains qui peuplent notre planète, 852 millions souffrent
encore de la faim et plus de deux milliards sont victimes de carences nutritionnelles, en protéines,
acides gras essentiels, vitamines ou minéraux. Il s'agit pour l'essentiel de familles d'agriculteurs du
Tiers Monde qui n 'ont plus guère aujourd'bui les moyens de produire de quoi s'alimenter
correctement par elles-mêmes ou de dégager les revenus monétaires nécessaires pour acquérir
suffisamment de nourriture sur les marchés. Ces familles pauvres ne disposent généralement que de
petites surfaces et d'un outillage manuel. Elles n'ont déjà pas pu mettre à profit les variétés à haut
potentiel de rendement qui leur étaient autrefois proposées dans le cadre de la classique " révolution
verte ", du fait notamment de leur exigence en engrais chimiques et produits phytosanitaires
onéreux. En permettant de réduire les coûts en intrants manufacturés, les plantes génétiquement
modifiées (PGM) ne pourraient-elles donc pas les aider à accroître leurs revenus? Rien n'est moins
sur. Outre la difficulté de maîtriser les risques environnementaux induits par l'utilisation de ces
PGM, les agriculteurs doivent aussi faire face au surcoût résultant de l'emploi de ces variétés pour
lesquelles les grandes compagnies semencières ont déposé des brevets. La mise au point des PGM
a souvent exigé des investissements considérables et les sociétés multinationales qui en sont à
l'origine s'efforcent logiquement d'en tirer quelques bénéfices, quitte à vendre les semences à un
prix très élevé. Les PGM n'ont pas vraiment été conçues pour les paysans non solvables du Tiers
Monde et ne semblent donc pas être en mesure d'y résoudre le problème de la faim.
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DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetically-modified-organism; Multinational-corporation;
Hazard-; Fertilizers-; Poverty-; Third-World; Agricultural-Development; Hunger-; PlantDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Chimique-; Entreprisemultinationale; Risque-; Engrais-; Pauvreté-; Tiers-Monde-; Développement-agricole; Faim-;
PlanteJOURNAL NAME: Revue-Tiers-monde
354000143222500030
UPDATE: 20080107
NUMERO: 188
FIRST PAGE: 739
LAST PAGE: 754
SHELF NUMBER: 26854
ORIGINAL TITLE: Conditions, résultats et perspectives d'utilisation du coton génétiquement
modifié (coton bt) dans les pays en développement
TRANSLATED TITLE: Conditions, Outcomes and using perspective of the genetically modified
cotton (cotton BT) in developing countries
PERSONAL AUTHOR: FOK-Michel
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: CIRAD-UPR 10, TA 72/09, FRANCE
NOTES: 2 p.1/2
ISSN: 1293-8882
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: La commercialisation à grande échelle des variétés génétiquement modifiées, a
exacerbé le débat sur leur pertinence pour les pays en développement (PED). Dès 1997-1998,
l'utilisation effective de coton génétiquement modifié (CGM) dans des pays présentés comme des
PED (Afrique du Sud, Chine, Inde principalement) apporte des éléments pour dépasser la
dimension théorique du débat. Cette utilisation concerne uniquement le coton Bt. La littérature
scientifique est assez abondante pour indiquer les effets positifs de l'utilisation du CGM: efficacité
technique, rentabilité économique et impacts positifs sur le plan environnemental et de la santé
publique, avec la réduction des traitements chimiques sont à l'origine d'une certaine pression pour
étendre l'utilisation du CGM dans les PED. L'objet de cet article est de procéder à une analyse plus
détaillée des expériences existantes pour : nuancer les succès rapportés et rappeler la dépendance
des résultats avec les conditions de diffusion et de production ; tempérer les craintes sur l'imposition
inéluctable d'une situation de monopole des semenciers qui capteraient seul le bénéfice de
l'utilisation du CGM; souligner le changement, induit par l'utilisation du CGM, de la structure des
coûts de production dans les systèmes à faible intensification et qui accentue le risque financier de
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la production ; indiquer l'impossibilité d'une rentabilité assurée pour tous les utilisateurs et donc la
nécessité d'une cohabitation avec du coton conventionnel ; alerter sur la dfliculté d'adapter la
distribution des semences pour une telle cohabitation ; mettre en évidence le caractère excessif de
l'optimisme et du pessimisme dans les anticipations des effets du CGM ; et souligner le caractère
incomplet de ces anticipations qui ont négligé par exemple la modification du complexe parasitaire.
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetically-modified-organism; Scientific-Research; Food-andAgricultural-Production; Cost-benefit-analysis; Developing-Countries; CottonDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Etude-critique; Recherchescientifique; Production-agro-alimentaire; Analyse-coût-avantage; Pays-en-voie-de-développement;
CotonJOURNAL NAME: Revue-Tiers-monde
354000143222500050
UPDATE: 20080107
NUMERO: 188
FIRST PAGE: 773
LAST PAGE: 798
SHELF NUMBER: 26854
ORIGINAL TITLE: La biosécurité dans les pays en développement : Du protocole de carthagène
aux réglementations nationales
TRANSLATED TITLE: Biosecurity in Developing Countries: From Protocol of Carthagene to
National Regulations
PERSONAL AUTHOR: CHETAILLE-Anne
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: GRET -Pôle Politiques publiques et régulations internationales,
FRANCE
NOTES: 13 ref.
ISSN: 1293-8882
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: Plus de 90 pays en développement ont ratifié le Protocole de Carthagène sur la
prévention des risques biotechnologiques. Ils peuvent ainsi mettre en place des législations leur
permettant notamment de refuser l'importation d'organismes vivants modifiés, en l'absence de
certitude scientifique sur les risques liés à ces OVM. Le principe de précaution devrait pouvoir
guider la décision et l'action des États signataires. Mais tel n'est pas le cas. Les mécanismes de
régulation du Protocole se renforcent progressivement dans les enceintes internationales. Cependant
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la mise en oeuvre dans les pays en développement se heurte à un manque de moyens humains,
techniques et financiers. Parallèlement à cela, ces mêmes pays sont soumis à de fortes pressions
extérieures.
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetically-modified-organism; Multinational-corporation;
Pressure-Group; Developing-Countries; Regulation-; RefusalDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Protocole-de-Carthagène;
Biotechnologie-; Entreprise-multinationale; Groupe-de-pression; Pays-en-voie-dedéveloppement; Régulation-; RefusJOURNAL NAME: Revue-Tiers-monde
354000143222500080
UPDATE: 20080107
NUMERO: 188
FIRST PAGE: 843
LAST PAGE: 862
SHELF NUMBER: 26854
ORIGINAL TITLE: Cultures épistémiques et engagement public des chercheurs dans la
controverse OGM
TRANSLATED TITLE: Epistemic cultures and scientist's public commitment in the GMO
controversy
PERSONAL AUTHOR: BONNEUIL-Christophe
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Historien des sciences au CNRS, Centre Alexandre Koyré Centre de recherche en histoire des sciences et des techniques, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle,
CP 25, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, FRANCE
SOURCE: Natures-sciences-sociétés. 2006; 14 (3): 257-268
NOTES: 32 ref.
PUBLISHER: EDP, Ulis, FRANCE
ISSN: 1240-1307
LANGUAGE: French
ABSTRACT: De l'appel Berg en 1974 aux appels " Défendons la recherche " et " Ouvrons la
recherche " en 2003, les biologistes n'ont cessé d'interpeller et de se faire interpeller dans l'espace
public autour des enjeux et des risques potentiels liés au génie génétique. Les engagements
éphémères, mais proactifs, des années 1970 s'opposent aux engagements plus réactifs des pétitions
de chercheurs postérieures aux destructions d'essais depuis 1999. L'engagement des chercheurs
depuis 1996 apparaît lié à une compétition entre trois cultures épistémiques: la biologie moléculaire,
la biologie des populations et l'agronomie des systèmes de culture.
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CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A32D02B
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Scientific-research; Europe-; Population-genetics; Culture-;
Cropping-system; France-; Transgenic-plant; Genetically-modified-organism; Agronomicresearch; Molecular-biology; Collective-responsibility; Destruction-; Genetic-engineering;
Biosafety-; Personal-commitment; Research-worker; EpistemologyDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Recherche-scientifique; Europe-; Génétique-population; Culture-;
Système-culture; France-; Plante-transgénique; Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Rechercheagronomique; Biologie-moléculaire; Responsabilité-publique; Destruction-; Génie-génétique;
Biosécurité-; Engagement-personnel; Chercheur-; EpistémologieAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: OGM-; controverse-; cultures-épistémiques; engagement-deschercheurs; FranceJOURNAL NAME: Natures-sciences-sociétés
354000142949700030
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 14
NUMERO: 3
FIRST PAGE: 257
LAST PAGE: 268
SHELF NUMBER: 22987
Anglais
ORIGINAL TITLE: New analysis of a rat feeding study with a genetically modified maize reveals
signs of hepatorenal toxicity (Séralini et al. (2007))
PERSONAL AUTHOR: SERALINI-Gilles-Eric; CELLIER-Dominique; SPIROUX-DEVENDOMOIS-Joël
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Committee for Independent Information and Research on Genetic
Engineering CRIIGEN, Paris, FRANCE; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology,
University of Caen, Caen, FRANCE; Laboratory LITIS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan,
FRANCE
SOURCE: Archives-of-environmental-contamination-and-toxicology. 2007; 52 (4): 596-602
NOTES: 1/2 p.
PUBLISHER: Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg; Springer-Verlag, New York,
NY, UNITED-STATES
ISSN: 0090-4341
CODEN: AECTCV
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LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Health risk assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) cultivated for
food or feed is under debate throughout the world, and very little data have been published on midor long-term toxicological studies with mammals. One of these studies performed under the
responsibility of Monsanto Company with a transgenic corn MON863 has been subjected to
questions from regulatory reviewers in Europe, where it was finally approved in 2005. This
necessitated a new assessment of kidney pathological findings, and the results remained
controversial. An Appeal Court action in Germany (Münster) allowed public access in June 2005 to
all the crude data from this 90-day rat-feeding study. We independently re-analyzed these data.
Appropriate statistics were added, such as a multivariate analysis of the growth curves, and for
biochemical parameters comparisons between GMO-treated rats and the controls fed with an
equivalent normal diet, and separately with six reference diets with different compositions. We
observed that after the consumption of MON863, rats showed slight but dose-related significant
variations in growth for both sexes, resulting in 3.3% decrease in weight for males and 3.7%
increase for females. Chemistry measurements reveal signs of hepatorenal toxicity, marked also by
differential sensitivities in males and females. Triglycerides increased by 24-40% in females (either
at week 14, dose 11% or at week 5, dose 33%, respectively); urine phosphorus and sodium
excretions diminished in males by 31-35% (week 14, dose 33%) for the most important results
significantly linked to the treatment in comparison to seven diets tested. Longer experiments are
essential in order to indicate the real nature and extent of the possible pathology; with the present
data it cannot be concluded that GM corn MON863 is a safe product.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A14D05A; 002A32D02B
Vertebrata-; Mammalia-; Rodentia-; Transgenic-plant; Zea-mays; Environment-; Ecotoxicology-;
Pollution-; Toxicity-; Feeding-; RatDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-;
Vertebrata-; Mammalia-; Rodentia-; Plante-transgénique; Zea-mays; Environnement-;
Ecotoxicologie-; Pollution-; Toxicité-; Alimentation-; RatJOURNAL NAME: Archives-of-environmental-contamination-and-toxicology
354000149576670190
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 52
NUMERO: 4
FIRST PAGE: 596
LAST PAGE: 602
SHELF NUMBER: 15790
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ORIGINAL TITLE: Report of an Expert Panel on the reanalysis by Séralini et al. (2007) of a 90day study conducted by Monsanto in support of the safety of a genetically modified corn
variety (MON 863)
PERSONAL AUTHOR: DOULL-J; GAYLOR-D; GREIM-H-A; LOVELL-D-P; LYNCH-B;
MUNRO-I-C
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Division of
Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 1018A
Briedenthal Building, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, UNITED-STATES;
Gaylor and Associates, LLC, 453 County Road 212, Eureka Springs, AR 72631, UNITEDSTATES; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University of Munich,
Hohenbachernsrasse 15-17, 85354 Freising Weihenstephan, GERMANY; Postgraduate Medical
School, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Manor Park, Guildford GU2 7WG, UNITEDKINGDOM; Cantox Health Sciences, Inc., Suite 308, 2233 Argentia Road, Mississauga, Ontario,
L5N 2X7, CANADA
SOURCE: Food-and-chemical-toxicology. 2007; 45 (11): 2073-2085
NOTES: 1 p.3/4
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Science, Oxford; Elsevier Science, New York, NY, UNITED-KINGDOM
ISSN: 0278-6915
CODEN: FCTOD7
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: MON 863, a genetically engineered corn variety that contains the gene for modified
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Bbl protein to protect against corn rootworm, was tested in a 90-day
toxicity study as part of the process to gain regulatory approval. This study was reanalyzed by
Séralini et al. who contended that the study showed possible hepatorenal effects of MON 863. An
Expert Panel was convened to assess the original study results as analyzed by the Monsanto
Company and the reanalysis conducted by Séralini et al. The Expert Panel concludes that the
Séralini et al. reanalysis provided no evidence to indicate that MON 863 was associated with
adverse effects in the 90-day rat study. In each case, statistical findings reported by both Monsanto
and Séralini et al. were considered to be unrelated to treatment or of no biological or clinical
importance because they failed to demonstrate a dose-response relationship, reproducibility over
time, association with other relevant changes (e.g., histopathology), occurrence in both sexes,
difference outside the normal range of variation, or biological plausibility with respect to cause-andeffect. The Séralini et al. reanalysis does not advance any new scientific data to indicate that MON
863 caused adverse effects in the 90-day rat study.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002B03
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Urinary-system; Digestive-system; Vertebrata-; Mammalia-;
Rodentia-; Kidney-; Liver-; Feeding-; Food-; Europe-; European-; Statistical-analysis; Subchronic-;
Rat-; Animal-; Genetically-modified-organism; Corn-; Genetics-; Safety-; ToxicityDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Appareil-urinaire; Appareil-digestif; Vertebrata-; Mammalia-;
Rodentia-; Rein-; Foie-; Alimentation-; Aliment-; Europe-; Européen-; Analyse-statistique;
Subchronique-; Rat-; Animal-; Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Maïs-; Génétique-; Sécurité-;
ToxicitéAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: MON-863; Genetically-modified-organism; Rat-; Subchronictoxicity; Statistical-analysis; European-Food-Safety-Authority-(EFSA); Liver-; Kidney-40-
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JOURNAL NAME: Food-and-chemical-toxicology
354000160946670010
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 45
NUMERO: 11
FIRST PAGE: 2073
LAST PAGE: 2085
SHELF NUMBER: 10616
ORIGINAL TITLE: Characterization of genetically modified maize in weakly contaminated seed
batches and identification of the origin of the adventitious contamination
PERSONAL AUTHOR: PETIT-Laetitia; PAGNY-Gaëlle; BARAIGE-Fabienne; NIGNOL-AnneCecile; ZHANG-David; FACH-Patrick
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA),
Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Qualité des Aliments et sur les Procédés AgroAlimentaires (LERQAP), Unité EBA (Etude Moléculaire des Contaminants Biologiques
Alimentaires), 23 Avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FRANCE; GEVES,
Laboratoire BioGEVES Domaine du MAGNERAUD, BP52, 17700 Surgères, FRANCE; AFSSA,
LERQAP, Unité EBA, 23 Avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FRANCE
SOURCE: Journal-of-AOAC-International. 2007; 90 (4): 1098-1106
NOTES: 30 ref.
PUBLISHER: AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, UNITED-STATES
ISSN: 1060-3271
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: So far, relatively few genetically modified plants (GMPs) have been planted in the
European Union (EU). However, in France, seed batches weakly contaminated by unidentified GM
materials have recently been detected among commercial maize seeds (14 seed batches positive out
of 447 analyzed). We have developed a 3-step approach to precisely identify the genetic
modifications detected in such maize seed batches. First, to isolate GMPs derived from the
contaminated seed batches, 10 000 maize seeds of each batch were planted and screened by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on 100-plant batches, then on 10-plant subbatches, and finally,
plant by plant. In a second step, specific identification of the individual GMPs was performed.
Finally, to determine the origin of the contamination, each individual GMP was analyzed by simple
sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results showed that all batches were contaminated by few GM
seeds, having a GM content <0.1%. Finally, 12 individual GMPs have been isolated from 17 plant
pools that were tested positive either for P35-S and/or T-Nos. MON810 and T25 transformation
events approved for cultivation in the EU were detected in 7 individual GMPs. The other seed
batches were contaminated by genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that are not approved in the
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EU, including GA21 or the stacking MON810/T25. Presumable identification of T14 was also
achieved following sequencing of 1 individual GMP. The data also showed that most of the seed
batches were contaminated by several transformation events. Finally, analysis of SSR markers
indicated that the contaminations were essentially due to cross-pollination in the seed production
process.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A35B03
Cereal-; Contamination-; Origin-; Identification-; Seeds-; Zea-mays; Corn-; Geneticallymodified-organism; CharacterizationDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Monocotyledones-; Gramineae-;
Céréale-; Contamination-; Origine-; Identification-; Graine-; Zea-mays; Maïs-; Organismegénétiquement-modifié; CaractérisationJOURNAL NAME: Journal-of-AOAC-International
354000161485130250
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 90
NUMERO: 4
FIRST PAGE: 1098
LAST PAGE: 1106
SHELF NUMBER: 3254
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Fate of transgenic plant DNA in the environment.
AUTHOR: Pontiroli,-A; Simonet,-P; Frostegard,-A; Vogel,-T-M; Monier,-J-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampere,
Ecole centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France.
SOURCE: Environ-Biosafety-Res. 2007 Jan-Jun; 6(1-2): 15-35
JOURNAL NAME: Environmental-biosafety-research
DATE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATION: 20071026
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: France
MAIN ABSTRACT: This review addresses the possible ecological effects of transgenic plants on
micro-organisms in the field, hence, in the phytosphere and in the soil matrix. The important steps
involved in the interaction between plant DNA and bacteria and the factors that influence the
horizontal gene transfer (HGT) process will be discussed. HGT is a process in which two partners
are involved, even if indirectly. In the first section, aspects concerning bacteria, such as their
physico-chemical, biological and genetic characteristics, are described. Parameters affecting
transgenic DNA fate in the environment are described in the second section. Subsequently,
terrestrial habitats are evaluated in terms of their capacity to favor horizontal gene transfer. Finally,
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we focused on several studies in order to evaluate possible perturbations of soil bacterial
community composition due to cultivation of transgenic plants in the field.
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Environmental-Health
Journal available in: Print-Electronic
RECORD FEATURES: IN-DATA-REVIEW (IR); ABSTRACT (AB)
ORIGINAL TITLE: Assessing Genetically Modified Crops to Minimize the Risk of Increased Food
Allergy: A Review
PERSONAL AUTHOR: Goodman-Richard-E; Hefle-Susan-L; Taylor-Steven-L; van-Ree-Ronald
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr., USA
SOURCE: International-archives-of-allergy-and-immunology. 2005; 137 (2): 153-166,
http://content.karger.com/produkteDB/produkte.asp?Doi=10.1159/000086314
PUBLISHER: Karger, Basel, SWITZERLAND
ISSN: 1423-0097
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: SWITZERLAND
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The first genetically modified (GM) crops approved for food use (tomato and
soybean) were evaluated for safety by the United States Food and Drug Administration prior to
commercial production. Among other factors, those products and all additional GM crops that have
been grown commercially have been evaluated for potential increases in allergenic properties using
methods that are consistent with the current understanding of food allergens and knowledge
regarding the prediction of allergenic activity. Although there have been refinements, the key
aspects of the evaluation have not changed. The allergenic properties of the gene donor and the host
(recipient) organisms are considered in determining the appropriate testing strategy. The amino acid
sequence of the encoded protein is compared to all known allergens to determine whether the
protein is a known allergen or is sufficiently similar to any known allergen to indicate an increased
probability of allergic cross-reactivity. Stability of the protein in the presence of acid with the
stomach protease pepsin is tested as a risk factor for food allergenicity. In vitro or in vivo human
IgE binding are tested when appropriate, if the gene donor is an allergen or the sequence of the
protein is similar to an allergen. Serum donors and skin test subjects are selected based on their
proven allergic responses to the gene donor or to material containing the allergen that was matched
in sequence. While some scientists and regulators have suggested using animal models, performing
broadly targeted serum IgE testing or extensive pre- or post-market clinical tests, current evidence
does not support these tests as being predictive or practical. Based on the evidence to date, the
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current assessment process has worked well to prevent the unintended introduction of allergens in
commercial GM crops. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
JOURNAL NAME: International-archives-of-allergy-and-immunology
SOURCE OF INDEXING: KARGER
COPYRIGHT: Tous droits réservés (c) S. Karger AG, 2005
UPDATE: 20080317
VOLUME: 137
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 153
LAST PAGE: 166
ORIGINAL TITLE: Fate and effects of insect-resistant Bt crops in soil ecosystems
PERSONAL AUTHOR: ICOZ-Isik; STOTZKY-Guenther
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, New
York University, New York, NY 10003, UNITED-STATES
SOURCE: Soil-biology-&-biochemistry. 2008; 40 (3): 559-586
NOTES: 5 p.1/4
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Science, Oxford; Elsevier Science, New York, NY, UNITED-KINGDOM
ISSN: 0038-0717
CODEN: SBIOAH
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Recent applications of biotechnology, especially genetic engineering, have
revolutionized crop improvement and increased the availability of valuable new traits. A current
example is the use of the insecticidal Cry proteins from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt),
to improve crops, known as Bt crops, by reducing injury from various crop pests. The adoption of
genetically modified (GM) crops has increased dramatically in the last 11 years. However, the
introduction of GM plants into agricultural ecosystems has raised a number of questions, including
the ecological impact of these plants on soil ecosystems. Crop residues are the primary source of
carbon in soil, and root exudates govern which organisms reside in the rhizosphere. Therefore, any
change to the quality of crop residues and rhizosphere inputs could modify the dynamics of the
composition and activity of organisms in soil. Insect-resistant Bt crops have the potential to change
the microbial dynamics, biodiversity, and essential ecosystem functions in soil, because they
usually produce insecticidal Cry proteins through all parts of the plant. It is crucial that risk
assessment studies on the commercial use of Bt crops consider the impacts on organisms in soil. In
general, few or no toxic effects of Cry proteins on woodlice, collembolans, mites, earthworms,
nematodes, protozoa, and the activity of various enzymes in soil have been reported. Although
some effects, ranging from no effect to minor and significant effects, of Bt plants on microbial
communities in soil have been reported, using both culturing and molecular techniques, they were
mostly the result of differences in geography, temperature, plant variety, and soil type and, in
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general, were transient and not related to the presence of the Cry proteins. The respiration (i.e., CO
<sub> 2 </> evolution) of soils cultivated with Bt maize or amended with biomass of Bt maize and
other Bt crops was generally lower than from soils cultivated with or amended with biomass of the
respective non-Bt isolines, which may have been a result of differences in chemical composition
(e.g., the content of starch, soluble N, proteins, carbohydrates, lignin) between Bt plants and their
near-isogenic counterparts. Laboratory and field studies have shown differences in the persistence
of the Cry proteins in soil, which appear to be the result primarily of differences in microbial
activity, which, in turn, is dependent on soil type (e.g., pH, clay mineral composition, other
physicochemical characteristics), season (e.g., temperature, water tension), crop species (e.g.,
chemical composition, C:N ratio, plant part), crop management practices (e.g., till vs. no-till), and
other environmental factors that vary with location and climate zones. This review discusses the
available data on the effects of Cry proteins on below-ground organisms, the fate of these proteins
in soil, the techniques and indicators that are available to study these aspects, and future directions.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A32B03B4C
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Bacteria-; Bacillales-; Bacillaceae-; Soil-biology; Soils-;
Invertebrata-; Bacillus-thuringiensis; Transgenic-plant; Soil-science; Non-target-effect; Insectresistance; Microorganism-; Microbial-activity; Biotechnology-; EcosystemDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Bactérie-; Bacillales-; Bacillaceae-; Biologie-du-sol; Sol-;
Invertebrata-; Bacillus-thuringiensis; Plante-transgénique; Science-du-sol; Effet-non-intentionnel;
Résistance-insecte; Microorganisme-; Activité-microbienne; Biotechnologie-; EcosystèmeAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Bacillus-thuringiensis; Bt-crops; Biotechnology-; Soilmicroorganisms; Invertebrates-; Genetically-modified-plants; Insect-resistance; Nontarget-effects;
Soil-ecosystem-functions
JOURNAL NAME: Soil-biology-&-biochemistry
354000162776010010
UPDATE: 20080310
VOLUME: 40
NUMERO: 3
FIRST PAGE: 559
LAST PAGE: 586
SHELF NUMBER: 14360
ORIGINAL TITLE: HERBICIDE TOLERANT CROPS : 10 YEARS LATER
PERSONAL AUTHOR: KNEZEVIC-S-Z
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, University of Nebraska, 57905
866 Rd, Concord, NE 68728-2828, UNITED-STATES
SOURCE: Maydica. 2007; 52 (3): 245-250
NOTES: 3/4 p.
PUBLISHER: Maydica, Bergamo, ITALY
ISSN: 0025-6153
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CODEN: MYDCAH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: ITALY
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Herbicide tolerant crops (HTC) are a common part of the cropping systems in North
America. Objective of this manuscript was to provide a brief overview of advantages and
disadvantages with the widespread use of HTCs over the last 8-10 years. Examples of advantages
include: (1) broadened spectrum of weeds controlled, (2) increased crop safety, (3) reduced risk of
herbicide carryover, (4) price reduction for conventional herbicides, (5) new mode of action for
triazine and ALS resistance management, and (6) crop management simplicity. Major
disadvantages and concerns include: (1) performance and quality of yields, (2) single selection
pressure and herbicide resistance, (3) shifts in weed species, (4) gene flow and gene escape, (5)
contamination of organic crops which are becoming popular in developed world and (6) herbicide
drift and non-target movement. We believe that it is easy to fall into a trap of overusing, for
example, glyphosate when one glyphosate-tolerant crop is grown after another. Therefore, proper
use of HTC technology, as a component of integrated weed management program, is the key to
preserving the long-term benefits of this technology while avoiding many of the concerns about
their use, or misuse.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A32D
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetically-modified-organism; Pesticides-; Herbicide-;
Transgenic-plant; Cultivated-plant; Contamination-; Gene-flow; Biotechnology-; Pesticideresistance
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Pesticide-; Herbicide-; Plantetransgénique; Plante-cultivée; Contamination-; Flux-génique; Biotechnologie-; Résistancepesticide
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Biotechnology-; Herbicide-; Crops-; GMOJOURNAL NAME: Maydica
354000174456110010
UPDATE: 20080301
VOLUME: 52
NUMERO: 3
FIRST PAGE: 245
LAST PAGE: 250
SHELF NUMBER: 12198
ORIGINAL TITLE: Strategies to evaluate the safety of bioengineered foods
PERSONAL AUTHOR: DELANEY-Bryan
SOURCE: International-journal-of-toxicology. 2007; 26 (5): 389-399
PUBLISHER: Taylor & Francis, London, UNITED-KINGDOM
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ISSN: 1091-5818
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: A number of genetically modified (GM) crops bioengineered to express agronomic
traits including herbicide resistance and insect tolerance have been commercialized. Safety studies
conducted for the whole grains and food and feed fractions obtained from GM crops (i.e.,
bioengineered foods) bear similarities to and distinctive differences from those applied to
substances intentionally added to foods (e.g., food ingredients). Similarities are apparent in
common animal models, route of exposure, duration, and response variables typically assessed in
toxicology studies. However, because of differences in the nutritional and physical properties of
food ingredients and bioengineered foods and in the fundamental goals of the overall safety
assessment strategies for these different classes of substances, there are recognizable differences in
the individual components of the safety assessment process. The fundamental strategic difference is
that the process for food ingredients is structured toward quantitative risk assessment whereas that
for bioengineered foods is structured for the purpose of qualitative risk assessment. The strategy for
safety assessment of bioengineered foods focuses on evaluating the safety of the transgenic
proteins used to impart the desired trait or traits and to demonstrate compositional similarity
between the grains of GM and non-GM comparator crops using analytical chemistry and, in some
cases, feeding studies. Despite these differences, the similarities in the design of safety studies
conducted with bioengineered foods should be recognized by toxicologists. The current paper
reviews the basic principles of safety assessment for bioengineered foods and compares them with
the testing strategies applied to typical food ingredients. From this comparison it can be seen that
the strategies used to assess the safety of bioengineered foods are at least as robust as that used to
assess the safety of typical food ingredients.
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Food-Toxicology; GM-Foods; Safety-Assessment
JOURNAL NAME: International-journal-of-toxicology
354000162086970020
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 26
NUMERO: 5
FIRST PAGE: 389
LAST PAGE: 399
SHELF NUMBER: 20351
ORIGINAL TITLE: Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera : evaluation of potential for
transgene escape
PERSONAL AUTHOR: FITZJOHN-Richard-G; ARMSTRONG-Tristan-T; NEWSTROMLLOYD-Linda-E; WILTON-Aaron-D; COCHRANE-Michael
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AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640 Canterbury, NEWZEALAND; Landcare Research, Private Bag 92 170, Auckland 1142, NEW-ZEALAND
SOURCE: Euphytica. 2007; 158 (1-2): 209-230
NOTES: 5 p.
ISSN: 0014-2336
CODEN: EUPHAA
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Determining the potential for hybridisation between transgenic crops and their
relatives is a major component of risk assessment. Recent assessments of the extent of reproductive
compatibility between crops and their relatives draw heavily on existing data from experimental
crosses to infer the likelihood of hybridisation and introgression. Since the literature in this area
continues to grow at a rapid pace, it is essential that such analyses can be easily updated. We used a
database approach to assemble data on reproductive compatibility for eight crop species in Brassica,
Raphanus and Sinapis, using data from hand pollination, spontaneous (unassisted) pollination and
trials using in vitro techniques (e.g. embryo rescue), incorporating 326 studies and 216 species
combinations. We found many reports for major crop species (B. juncea, B. napus, B. oleracea and
B. rapa), but fewer for minor crops (B. carinata, B. nigra, Raphanus sativus and Sinapis alba). Many
species combinations remain untested, and we highlight these information gaps. While
reproductively incompatible species can be discounted as targets for transgene escape, compatible
species must be evaluated further in the particular context where transgenic crops are grown.
Because the data is retained in a database in a relatively unmodified form, multiple views of the
data can be generated; this review represents one possible view of this data. Our approach also
allows new data to be easily incorporated into future reanalyses and can be extended to other crop
groups, and as such is a useful method of assembling, analysing and sharing data for risk
assessment.
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Brassica-napus; Database-; Gene-flow; Interspecific-hybridisation;
Risk-assessment; Transgenic-crops
JOURNAL NAME: Euphytica
354000173529320200
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 158
NUMERO: 1-2
FIRST PAGE: 209
LAST PAGE: 230
SHELF NUMBER: 8245
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ORIGINAL TITLE: Toxicity Studies of Genetically Modified Plants : A Review of the Published
Literature
PERSONAL AUTHOR: DOMINGO-José-L
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of
Medicine, "Rovira I Virgili" University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, SPAIN
SOURCE: Critical-reviews-in-food-science-and-nutrition. 2007; 47 (8): 721-733
NOTES: 1 p.3/4
ISSN: 1040-8398
CODEN: CRFND6
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: According to the information reported by the WHO, the genetically modified (GM)
products that are currently on the international market have all passed risk assessments conducted
by national authorities. These assessments have not indicated any risk to human health. In spite of
this clear statement, it is quite amazing to note that the review articles published in international
scientific journals during the current decade did not find, or the number was particularly small,
references concerning human and animal toxicological/health risks studies on GM foods. In this
paper, the scientific information concerning the potential toxicity of GM/transgenic plants using
the Medline database is reviewed. Studies about the safety of the potential use of potatoes, corn,
soybeans, rice, cucumber, tomatoes, sweet pepper, peas, and canola plants for food and feed were
included. The number of references was surprisingly limited. Moreover, most published studies
were not performed by the biotechnology companies that produce these products. This review can
be concluded raising the following question: where is the scientific evidence showing that GM
plants/food are toxicologically safe?
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: genetically-modified-(GM)-plants; toxicity-; safety-; health-risks;
DNAJOURNAL NAME: Critical-reviews-in-food-science-and-nutrition
354000173812040030
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 47
NUMERO: 8
FIRST PAGE: 721
LAST PAGE: 733
SHELF NUMBER: 16525
ORIGINAL TITLE: Review of potential environmental impacts of transgenic glyphosate-resistant
soybean in Brazil
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PERSONAL AUTHOR: CERDEIRA-Antonio-L; GAZZIERO-Dionsio-L-P; DUKE-Stephen-O;
MATALLO-Marcus-B; SPADOTTO-Claudio-A
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Brazilian Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Jaguariúna, SP, BRAZIL; Brazilian Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL; Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, US Department of
Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS, University, MS, UNITED-STATES; Weed
Science Laboratory, Biological Institute, IB, Campinas, SP, BRAZIL
SOURCE: Journal-of-environmental-science-and-health.-Part-B.-Pesticides,-food-contaminants,and-agricultural-wastes. 2007; 42 (5): 539-549
NOTES: 108 ref.
PUBLISHER: Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, PA, UNITED-STATES
ISSN: 0360-1234
CODEN: JPFCD2
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybeans (GRS) have been commercialized and
grown extensively in the Western Hemisphere, including Brazil. Worldwide, several studies have
shown that previous and potential effects of glyphosate on contamination of soil, water, and air are
minimal, compared to those caused by the herbicides that they replace when GRS are adopted. In
the USA and Argentina, the advent of glyphosate-resistant soybeans resulted in a significant shift to
reduced- and no-tillage practices, thereby significantly reducing environmental degradation by
agriculture. Similar shifts in tillage practiced with GRS might be expected in Brazil. Transgenes
encoding glyphosate resistance in soybeans are highly unlikely to be a risk to wild plant species in
Brazil. Soybean is almost completely self-pollinated and is a non-native species in Brazil, without
wild relatives, making introgression of transgenes from GRS virtually impossible. Probably the
highest agricultural risk in adopting GRS in Brazil is related to weed resistance. Weed species in
GRS fields have shifted in Brazil to those that can more successfully withstand glyphosate or to
those that avoid the time of its application. These include Chamaesyce hirta (erva-de-Santa-Luzia),
Commelina benghalensis (trapoeraba), Spermacoce latifolia (erva-quente), Richardia brasiliensis
(poaia-branca), and Ipomoea spp. (corda-de-viola). Four weed species, Conyza bonariensis, Conyza
Canadensis (buva), Lolium multiflorum (azevem), and Euphorbia heterophylla (amendoim bravo),
have evolved resistance to glyphosate in GRS in Brazil and have great potential to become
problems.
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: GMO-; environment-; glyphosate-; transgenic-crops; BrazilJOURNAL NAME: Journal-of-environmental-science-and-health.-Part-B.-Pesticides,-foodcontaminants,-and-agricultural-wastes
LOCATION OF PRIMARY DOCUMENT: INIST-CNRS, Shelf Number 15710 B, INIST No.
354000162358070090
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 42
NUMERO: 5
FIRST PAGE: 539
-50-
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LAST PAGE: 549
SHELF NUMBER: 15710 B
ORIGINAL TITLE: Molecular farming on the rise -GMO regulators still walking a tightrope
PERSONAL AUTHOR: SPÖK-Armin
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: IFZ-lnter-University Research Centre for Technology, Work and
Culture, Schlögelgasse 2, 8010 Graz, AUSTRIA
SOURCE: Trends-in-biotechnology. 2007; 25 (2): 74-82
NOTES: 46 ref.
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Science, Oxford, UNITED-KINGDOM
ISSN: 0167-7799
CODEN: TRBIDM
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Recent increases in EU commercial and academic activities in molecular farming,
and the proximity to market-stage of the first plant-made pharmaceuticals, represent a call to action
for EU regulators. Drawing on the North American debate on molecular farming, it will be argued
that both the rationale and the risks of molecular farming will differ significantly from those of first
generation GM crops. Based on these differences, the suitability of the existing regulatory
frameworks, which were developed in response to the arrival of earlier products, is discussed, and
specific options for adapting the already complex EU regulatory system to cater for molecular
farming are examined.
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Biopharmaceutical-; Regulation-; Risk-analysis; Production-; Drug-;
Recombinant-protein; Transgenic-plant; Genetically-modified-organism; ReviewDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Biomédicament-; Réglementation-; Analyse-risque; Production-;
Médicament-; Protéine-recombinante; Plante-transgénique; Organisme-génétiquement-modifié;
Article-synthèse
JOURNAL NAME: Trends-in-biotechnology
354000145383500060
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 25
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 74
LAST PAGE: 82
SHELF NUMBER: 20229
-51-
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ORIGINAL TITLE: The politics and science behind GMO acceptance
PERSONAL AUTHOR: VARZAKAS-Theodoros-H; ARVANITOYANNIS-Ioannis-S;
BALTAS-Haralambos
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: T. H. Varzakas Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata,
School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Processing of Agricultural Products, Hellas,
GREECE; University of Thessaly, School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture,
Animal Production and Aquatic Environment, Fytoko Street, 38446 Nea lonia Magnesias, Volos,
Hellas, GREECE; University of Athens, School of Political Science, GREECE
SOURCE: Critical-reviews-in-food-science-and-nutrition. 2007; 47 (4): 335-361
NOTES: 1 p.
ISSN: 1040-8398
CODEN: CRFND6
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The question of nutritional quality has arisen in the International Community over
the last few years along with other important issues such as population aging, multipopulation
societies, and political conflicts. The nutritional issue is questioned both quantitatively and
qualitatively. It is well known that the planet faces enormous problems with food that is available.
Nowadays 20% of the population consumes approximately 80% of the produced energy and natural
resources. During the last 15 years, a series of food scares and crises (BSE, dioxin, foot and mouth
disease, bird flu) have seriously undermined public confidence in food producers and operators and
their capacity to produce safe food. As a result, food safety has become a top priority of the
European legislative authorities. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is the new food safety
concern which despite the intense reactions from Non Governmental Organizations and consumer
organizations have entered our lives with inadequate legislative measures to protect consumers from
their consumption. The GMO issue will be the issue for discussion in the long run not only for the
European Community but also for the international community as far as scientific, economical,
political, ideological, ethical, and human issues are concerned. These issues are discussed in this
paper along with a case of study of GM fish.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A35
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Human-; Ethics-; Acceptance-; Genetically-modified-organism;
SciencesDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Homme-; Ethique-; Acceptation-; Organisme-génétiquementmodifié; ScienceAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: GMOs-; scientific-; economical-; political-; ideological-; ethical-;
human-issues; GM-fish
JOURNAL NAME: Critical-reviews-in-food-science-and-nutrition
354000162273820010
-52-
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UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 47
NUMERO: 4
FIRST PAGE: 335
LAST PAGE: 361
SHELF NUMBER: 16525
ORIGINAL TITLE: Biotechnology in agriculture
PERSONAL AUTHOR: HERDT-Robert-W
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 14853, UNITED-STATES
SOURCE: Annual-review-of-the-environment-and-resources. 2006; 31: 265-295
NOTES: 187 ref.
PUBLISHER: Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, UNITED-STATES
ISSN: 1543-5938
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The consequences of the invention of DNA-based molecular techniques and their
application to agriculture have been pervasive. This review examines the key consequences for
farmers and the public. These include widespread commercial applications of agricultural
biotechnology in a limited number of countries, a large private-sector investment in biotechnology
research, significant economic contributions to farmers, continuing controversy over its
environmental impacts, a proliferation of regulations (both national and international as a
consequence of the technology and property rights), a wide range of changing public reaction, and
relatively little contribution of the technology to increasing food production, nutrition, or farm
incomes in less-developed countries.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A32D02B; 002A35A04
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Acceptance-; Review-; Developing-countries; Geneticallymodified-food; Transgenic-plant; Economic-impact; Environment-impact; Molecular-marker;
Intellectual-property; Food-safety; Ethics-; Biosafety-; Agriculture-; BiotechnologyDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Acceptation-; Article-synthèse; Pays-en-développement; Alimenttransgénique; Plante-transgénique; Impact-économique; Impact-environnement; Marqueurmoléculaire; Propriété-intellectuelle; Salubrité-des-aliments; Ethique-; Biosécurité-; Agriculture-;
BiotechnologieAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: biosafety-; ethics-; food-safety; intellectual-property; molecularmarkers; public-acceptance
JOURNAL NAME: Annual-review-of-the-environment-and-resources
354000158906020090
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UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 31
FIRST PAGE: 265
LAST PAGE: 295
SHELF NUMBER: 16905
ORIGINAL TITLE: Patents and transgenic plants. Proceedings of the Vth International
Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding. Debrecen, Hungary, September
12-17, 2004
PERSONAL AUTHOR: Fári-M.G, Editor; Bisztray-GyD, Editor; Folb-I, Editor; DUNWELL-J-M
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading
Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UNITED-KINGDOM
CONFERENCE OR MEETING INFORMATION: International Symposium on In Vitro
Culture and Horticultural Breeding, 5, 2004, Debrecen, HUNGARY
SOURCE: Acta-horticulturae.2006: 719-732
NOTES: 2 p.1/2
PUBLISHER: International Society for Horticultural Science, Leuven, BELGIUM
ISSN: 0567-7572
CODEN: AHORA2
ISBN: 906605719X
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: BELGIUMBELGIUM
LANGUAGE: English
LITERATURE TYPE: Conference-Meeting
ABSTRACT: One of the recurring themes in any discussion concerning the application of genetic
transformation technology is the role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). This term covers both
the content of patents and the confidential expertise, usually related to methodology and referred to
as Trade Secrets. This review will explain the concepts behind patent protection, and will discuss
the wide-ranging scope of existing patents that cover all aspects of transgenic technology, from
selectable markers and novel promoters to methods of gene introduction. Although few of these
patents have any significant commercial value, there are a small number of key patents that may
restrict the freedom to operate of any company seeking to exploit the methods. Over the last twenty
years, these restrictions have forced extensive cross-licensing between ag-biotech companies and
have been one of the driving forces behind the consolidation of these companies. Although such
issues are often considered to be of little interest to the academic scientist working in the public
sector, they are of great importance in any debate about the role of public-good breeding and of the
relationship between the public and private sectors.
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetic-selection; Artificial-selection; Vegetals-; Eucaryote-;
Bioengineering-; Molecular-marker; Bioreactor-; Automation-; Organogenesis-; Morphogenesis-;
Haploidy-; Biosynthesis-; Marker-assisted-selection; Experimental-physiology; Physiology-;
Genomics-; Genetic-engineering; Spermatophyta-; Microplant-; Transgenic-plant; Woody-plant;
Herbaceous-plant; Ornamental-crop; Medicinal-plant; Vegetable-crop; Fruit-crop; Flavoring-crop;
Genetic-transformation; Micropropagation-; Tissue-culture; Biotechnology-; Genetic-54-
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improvement; Horticulture-; International-conference; Legal-sciences; Industrial-economy;
Agricultural-economics; Genetic-engineering; Biotechnology-; Vegetals-; Genetically-modifiedorganism; Bacteria-; Rhizobiaceae-; Property-rights; Public-sector; Private-sector; Scientificresearch; Agronomic-research; Legal-aspect; Economic-aspect; Intellectual-property;
Agrobacterium-; Vector-; Promoter-; Molecular-marker; Genetic-marker; Reporter-gene; Hybridgene; Genetic-transformation; Genetic-transfer; Transfection-; Microprojectile-bombardment;
Cultivar-; Cultivated-plant; Patents-; Transgenic-plant; ReviewDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Sélection-génétique; Sélection-dirigée; Végétal-; Eucaryote-; Géniebiologique; Marqueur-moléculaire; Bioréacteur-; Automatisation-; Organogenèse-; Morphogenèse-;
Haploïdie-; Biosynthèse-; Sélection-assistée-marqueur; Physiologie-expérimentale; Physiologie-;
Génomique-; Génie-génétique; Spermatophyta-; Vitroplant-; Plante-transgénique; Plante-ligneuse;
Plante-herbacée; Plante-ornementale; Plante-médicinale; Plante-légumière; Plante-fruitière; Plantecondimentaire; Transformation-génétique; Multiplication-végétative-in-vitro; Culture-tissu;
Biotechnologie-; Amélioration-génétique; Horticulture-; Congrès-international; Sciencesjuridiques; Economie-industrielle; Economie-agricole; Génie-génétique; Biotechnologie-; Végétal-;
Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Bactérie-; Rhizobiaceae-; Droits-de-propriété; Secteurpublic; Secteur-privé; Recherche-scientifique; Recherche-agronomique; Aspect-juridique; Aspectéconomique; Propriété-intellectuelle; Agrobacterium-; Vecteur-; Promoteur-; Marqueurmoléculaire; Marqueur-génétique; Gène-indicateur; Gène-hybride; Transformation-génétique;
Transfert-génétique; Transfection-; Bombardement-microprojectile; Cultivar-; Plante-cultivée;
Brevet-; Plante-transgénique; Article-synthèse
JOURNAL NAME: Acta-horticulturae
354000153555801010
UPDATE: 20080107
FIRST PAGE: 719
LAST PAGE: 732
SHELF NUMBER: 15963
ORIGINAL TITLE: Patents and transgenic plants. Proceedings of the Vth International
Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding. Debrecen, Hungary, September
12-17, 2004
PERSONAL AUTHOR: Fári-M.G, Editor; Bisztray-GyD, Editor; Folb-I, Editor; DUNWELL-J-M
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading
Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UNITED-KINGDOM
CONFERENCE OR MEETING INFORMATION: International Symposium on In Vitro
Culture and Horticultural Breeding, 5, 2004, Debrecen, HUNGARY
SOURCE: Acta-horticulturae.2006: 719-732
NOTES: 2 p.1/2
PUBLISHER: International Society for Horticultural Science, Leuven, BELGIUM
ISSN: 0567-7572
CODEN: AHORA2
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ISBN: 906605719X
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: BELGIUMBELGIUM
LANGUAGE: English
LITERATURE TYPE: Conference-Meeting
ABSTRACT: One of the recurring themes in any discussion concerning the application of genetic
transformation technology is the role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). This term covers both
the content of patents and the confidential expertise, usually related to methodology and referred to
as Trade Secrets. This review will explain the concepts behind patent protection, and will discuss
the wide-ranging scope of existing patents that cover all aspects of transgenic technology, from
selectable markers and novel promoters to methods of gene introduction. Although few of these
patents have any significant commercial value, there are a small number of key patents that may
restrict the freedom to operate of any company seeking to exploit the methods. Over the last twenty
years, these restrictions have forced extensive cross-licensing between ag-biotech companies and
have been one of the driving forces behind the consolidation of these companies. Although such
issues are often considered to be of little interest to the academic scientist working in the public
sector, they are of great importance in any debate about the role of public-good breeding and of the
relationship between the public and private sectors.
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetic-selection; Artificial-selection; Vegetals-; Eucaryote-;
Bioengineering-; Molecular-marker; Bioreactor-; Automation-; Organogenesis-; Morphogenesis-;
Haploidy-; Biosynthesis-; Marker-assisted-selection; Experimental-physiology; Physiology-;
Genomics-; Genetic-engineering; Spermatophyta-; Microplant-; Transgenic-plant; Woody-plant;
Herbaceous-plant; Ornamental-crop; Medicinal-plant; Vegetable-crop; Fruit-crop; Flavoring-crop;
Genetic-transformation; Micropropagation-; Tissue-culture; Biotechnology-; Geneticimprovement; Horticulture-; International-conference; Legal-sciences; Industrial-economy;
Agricultural-economics; Genetic-engineering; Biotechnology-; Vegetals-; Genetically-modifiedorganism; Bacteria-; Rhizobiaceae-; Property-rights; Public-sector; Private-sector; Scientificresearch; Agronomic-research; Legal-aspect; Economic-aspect; Intellectual-property;
Agrobacterium-; Vector-; Promoter-; Molecular-marker; Genetic-marker; Reporter-gene; Hybridgene; Genetic-transformation; Genetic-transfer; Transfection-; Microprojectile-bombardment;
Cultivar-; Cultivated-plant; Patents-; Transgenic-plant; ReviewDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Sélection-génétique; Sélection-dirigée; Végétal-; Eucaryote-; Géniebiologique; Marqueur-moléculaire; Bioréacteur-; Automatisation-; Organogenèse-; Morphogenèse-;
Haploïdie-; Biosynthèse-; Sélection-assistée-marqueur; Physiologie-expérimentale; Physiologie-;
Génomique-; Génie-génétique; Spermatophyta-; Vitroplant-; Plante-transgénique; Plante-ligneuse;
Plante-herbacée; Plante-ornementale; Plante-médicinale; Plante-légumière; Plante-fruitière; Plantecondimentaire; Transformation-génétique; Multiplication-végétative-in-vitro; Culture-tissu;
Biotechnologie-; Amélioration-génétique; Horticulture-; Congrès-international; Sciencesjuridiques; Economie-industrielle; Economie-agricole; Génie-génétique; Biotechnologie-; Végétal-;
Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Bactérie-; Rhizobiaceae-; Droits-de-propriété; Secteurpublic; Secteur-privé; Recherche-scientifique; Recherche-agronomique; Aspect-juridique; Aspectéconomique; Propriété-intellectuelle; Agrobacterium-; Vecteur-; Promoteur-; Marqueurmoléculaire; Marqueur-génétique; Gène-indicateur; Gène-hybride; Transformation-génétique;
Transfert-génétique; Transfection-; Bombardement-microprojectile; Cultivar-; Plante-cultivée;
Brevet-; Plante-transgénique; Article-synthèse
JOURNAL NAME: Acta-horticulturae
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354000153555801010
UPDATE: 20080107
FIRST PAGE: 719
LAST PAGE: 732
SHELF NUMBER: 15963
ORIGINAL TITLE: Letting the gene out of the bottle : the population genetics of genetically
modified crops
PERSONAL AUTHOR: CHAPMAN-Mark-A; BURKE-John-M
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU
Station B 351634, Nashville, TN 37235, UNITED-STATES
SOURCE: The-New-phytologist. 2006; 170 (3): 429-443
NOTES: 2 p.3/4
PUBLISHER: Blackwell, Oxford, UNITED-KINGDOM
ISSN: 0028-646X
CODEN: NEPHAV
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Genetically modified (GM) plants are rapidly becoming a common feature of
modern agriculture. This transition to engineered crops has been driven by a variety of potential
benefits, both economic and ecological. The increase in the use of GM crops has, however, been
accompanied by growing concerns regarding their potential impact on the environment. Here, we
focus on the escape of transgenes from cultivation via crop x wild hybridization. We begin by
reviewing the literature on natural hybridization, with particular reference to gene flow between
crop plants and their wild relatives. We further show that natural selection, and not the overall rate
of gene flow, is the most important factor governing the spread of favorable alleles. Hence, much of
this review focuses on the likely effects of transgenes once they escape. Finally, we consider
strategies for transgene containment.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A32D01B3
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Genetic-transfer; Genetically-modified-organism; Introgression-;
Strategy-; Review-; Allele-; Compositae-; Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-; Dicotyledones-;
Cruciferae-; Helianthus-annuus; Brassica-napus; Brassica-napus-var.-oleifera; Natural-selection;
Gene-flow; Hybridization-; Environment-; Ecology-; Agriculture-; Transgenic-plant; Populationgenetics; GeneDESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Transfert-génétique; Organisme-génétiquement-modifié;
Introgression-; Stratégie-; Article-synthèse; Allèle-; Compositae-; Spermatophyta-; Angiospermae-;
Dicotyledones-; Cruciferae-; Helianthus-annuus; Brassica-napus; Brassica-napus-var.-oleifera;
-57-
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Sélection-naturelle; Flux-génique; Hybridation-; Environnement-; Ecologie-; Agriculture-; Plantetransgénique; Génétique-population; GèneAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: canola-(Brassica); crop-wild-hybridization; gene-flow; geneticallymodified-(GM)-crops; introgression-; oilseed-rape-(Brassica-napus); sunflower-(Helianthus);
transgene-escape
JOURNAL NAME: The-New-phytologist
354000156792290010
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 170
NUMERO: 3
FIRST PAGE: 429
LAST PAGE: 443
SHELF NUMBER: 3019
ORIGINAL TITLE: Molecular plant breeding : achievements in green biotechnology and future
perspectives
PERSONAL AUTHOR: WENZEL-Gerhard
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Plant Breeding, Center for Life and Food Sciences, Technische
Universität München, Freising, GERMANY
SOURCE: Applied-microbiology-and-biotechnology. 2006; 70 (6): 642-650
NOTES: 41 ref.
PUBLISHER: Springer, Berlin, GERMANY
ISSN: 0175-7598
CODEN: AMBIDG
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: GERMANY
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Since one decade ago, transgenic crop plants are globally grown; in 2004, it was
estimated to cover a total of 81 Mio ha in 17 countries. At present, four plant species (soybean,
maize, cotton and rapeseed) dominate with two traits (herbicide tolerance and insect resistance).
The traits on which research concentrates and the constructs which might come next onto the
market are outlined. The procedure on how to clone such genes of interest, e.g. via map-based
cloning, and some other helpful approaches of green biotechnology, like high throughput
techniques and functional markers, are summarised, and a rough calculation about the market value
of transgenic crops in US dollars is quoted.
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Cultivated-plant; Review-; Genetic-improvement; Transgenicplant; Biotechnology-58-
OGM
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Plante-cultivée; Article-synthèse; Amélioration-génétique; Plantetransgénique; BiotechnologieJOURNAL NAME: Applied-microbiology-and-biotechnology
354000142561850020
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 70
NUMERO: 6
FIRST PAGE: 642
LAST PAGE: 650
SHELF NUMBER: 16771
ORIGINAL TITLE: Environmental risks of genetic engineering. Plant breeding and crop
domestication as sources of new invasive species
PERSONAL AUTHOR: ANDERSON-Neil-O, Editor; GALATOWITSCH-Susan-M, Editor;
CLARK-E-Ann
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: University of Minnesota, UNITED-STATES; Plant Agriculture
Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, NIG 2W1, CANADA
SOURCE: Euphytica. 2006; 148 (1-2): 47-60
NOTES: 2 p.1/2
ISSN: 0014-2336
CODEN: EUPHAA
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Before release into commerce, genetically engineered organisms are first assessed
for possible risks, including risks to the environment. The present paper first identifies the
environmental risks recognized by regulators, and reviews the parameters considered predictive of
risk. Recent field-scale studies suggest opportunities for improvement of the environmental risk
assessment process. Risks unique to genetically engineered crops - if any - could pertain to the
specific traits chosen for commercialization and to unintended trait expression caused by the
process of transgene insertion itself. Both the standard against which to compare genetically
engineered traits and the scale of exposure need to be considered when assessing environmental
impact. Evidence of environmental risk in the recognized areas of weediness on agricultural land,
invasiveness of unmanaged systems, and non-target impacts from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize
is presented. Targeted, statistically sound, rigorously conducted, multi-trophic studies analogous to
the Field Scale Evaluation trials recently completed in the UK are needed to clarify the many
questions which remain unanswered.
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: gene-flow; genetic-modification; GMO-; transgenic-59-
OGM
JOURNAL NAME: Euphytica
354000138917840040
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 148
NUMERO: 1-2
FIRST PAGE: 47
LAST PAGE: 60
SHELF NUMBER: 8245
ORIGINAL TITLE: Genetically modified plants and food hypersensitivity diseases : Usage and
implications of experimental models for risk assessment
PERSONAL AUTHOR: PRESCOTT-Vanessa-E; HOGAN-Simon-P
SOURCE: Pharmacology-&-therapeutics. 2006; 111 (2): 374-383
ISSN: 0163-7258
CODEN: PHTHDT
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The recent advances in biotechnology in the plant industry have led to increasing
crop production and yield that in turn has increased the usage of genetically modified (GM) food in
the human food chain. The usage of GM foods for human consumption has raised a number of
fundamental questions including the ability of GM foods to elicit potentially harmful
immunological responses, including allergic hypersensitivity. To assess the safety of foods derived
from GM plants including allergenic potential, the US FDA, Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO), and the EU have developed
approaches for evaluation assessment. One assessment approach that has been a very active area of
research and debate is the development and usage of animal models to assess the potential
allergenicity of GM foods. A number of specific animal models employing rodents, pigs, and dogs
have been developed for allergenicity assessment. However, validation of these models is needed
and consideration of the criteria for an appropriate animal model for the assessment of allergenicity
in GM plants is required. We have recently employed a BALB/c mouse model to assess the
potential allergenicity of GM plants. We have been able to demonstrate that this model is able to
detect differences in antigenicity and identify aspects of protein post-translational modifications that
can alter antigenicity. Furthermore, this model has also enabled us to examine the usage of GM
plants as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of allergic diseases. This review discusses the
current approaches to assess the allergenic potential of GM food and particularly focusing on the
usage of animal models to determine the potential allergenicity of GM foods and gives an overview
of our recent findings and implications of these studies.
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AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Genetically-modified-plants; Animal-model; Food-allergy;
Decision-tree; Regulatory-T-cells; AssessmentJOURNAL NAME: Pharmacology-&-therapeutics
354000142472420030
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 111
NUMERO: 2
FIRST PAGE: 374
LAST PAGE: 383
SHELF NUMBER: 17198
ORIGINAL TITLE: Gene Flow and Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Escaped Canola Populations
PERSONAL AUTHOR: KNISPEL-Alexis-L; MCLACHLAN-Stéphane-M; VAN-ACKER-ReneC; FRIESEN-Lyle-F
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Environmental Conservation Lab, Faculty of Environment, Earth
and Resources, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, CANADA; Department of Plant
Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, CANADA
SOURCE: Weed-science. 2008; 56 (1): 72-80
NOTES: 3/4 p.
PUBLISHER: Weed Science Society of America, Lawrence, KS, UNITED-STATES
ISSN: 0043-1745
CODEN: WEESA6
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Gene flow among herbicide-resistant (HR) canola varieties can lead to the
development of multiple HR canola plants, creating volunteer canola management challenges for
producers. In western Canada, escaped populations of HR canola are ubiquitous outside of
cultivated fields, yet the extent of gene flow resulting in herbicide resistance trait stacking in
individuals within these populations remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to
document the presence of single and multiple herbicide resistance traits and assess the extent of
gene flow within escaped canola populations. Seed was collected from 16 escaped canola
populations along the verges of fields and roadways in four agricultural regions in southern
Manitoba from 2004 to 2006. Glyphosate resistance was found in 14 (88%) of these populations,
glufosinate resistance in 13 (81%) populations, and imidazolinone resistance in five (31%)
populations. Multiple herbicide resistance was observed at levels consistent with previously
published canola outcrossing rates in 10 (62%) of the tested populations. In 2005 and 2006,
maternal plants from two escaped populations were tested using trait indicator test strips for
glyphosate and glufosinate resistance to confirm outcrossing events. In 2005, two of 13 tested
maternal plants with single herbicide resistance traits produced progeny with both glyphosate and
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glufosinate resistance. In 2006, of 21 tested plants, 10 single HR maternal plants produced multiple
HR progeny, and five nonresistant maternal plants produced resistant offspring. This is the first
report indicating that intraspecific gene flow results in stacking of herbicide resistance traits in
individuals within escaped canola populations, confirming that multiple HR canola volunteers are
not confined to agricultural fields. Results of this study suggest that escaped populations of crop
plants can contribute to the spread of genetically engineered novel traits, which has important
implications for containment, especially for highly controversial pharmaceutical and industrial traits
in crop plants.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A34H02B; 002A32D02B; 002A31C02A5B; 215
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Biotechnology-; Sensitivity-resistance; Genetically-modifiedorganism; Pesticides-; Herbicide-; Transgenic-plant; Genetic-engineering; Weed-science; Roadside; Volunteer-plant; Population-; Pesticide-resistance; Multiple-resistance; Gene-flow
DESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Zone-non-agricole; Biotechnologie-; Sensibilité-résistance;
Organisme-génétiquement-modifié; Pesticide-; Herbicide-; Plante-transgénique; Géniegénétique; Malherbologie-; Bas-côté-route; Repousse-spontanée; Population-; Résistance-pesticide;
Résistance-multiple; Flux-génique
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Escaped-volunteer; gene-flow; genetically-modified-crops;
herbicide-resistance; outcrossing-; roadside-ditches
JOURNAL NAME: Weed-science
354000174577980110
UPDATE: 20080310
VOLUME: 56
NUMERO: 1
FIRST PAGE: 72
LAST PAGE: 80
SHELF NUMBER: 20389
ORIGINAL TITLE: Ecological versus ecotoxicological methods for assessing the environmental
risks of transgenic crops
PERSONAL AUTHOR: RAYBOULD-Alan
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell,
Berkshire RG42 6EY, UNITED-KINGDOM
SOURCE: Plant-science. 2007; 173 (6): 589-602
NOTES: 127 ref.
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Science, Shannon, IRELAND
ISSN: 0168-9452
CODEN: PLSCE4
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: IRELAND
LANGUAGE: English
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ABSTRACT: The potential environmental risks of cultivating transgenic crops have been the
subject of much publicly funded research, which often seems to have increased controversy about
transgenic crops, rather than assisted decision-makers. This stems from an ecological method of
research that has several characteristics that limit its usefulness to decision-makers: a reluctance to
define problems in relation to policy objectives; testing null hypotheses of no difference between
transgenic and non-transgenic crops; a preference for detailed descriptions of ecosystem structure,
complex models and precise predictions of uncertain relevance; and favouring tests of hypotheses
under field conditions. A more effective method of research for decision-making follows principles
exemplified by ecotoxicology: research problems are selected by policy relevance; testing of risk
hypotheses that predict no harm of the transgenic plants to things of value; a preference for tests of
ecosystem function, simple comparative models, and accurate and relevant, if qualitative,
predictions; and favouring tests of hypotheses under conditions that provide most rigour. These
principles may also be usefully applied to other environmental science research programmes that
aim to inform decision-making.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 002A31C02A5B; 215
AUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: Risk-assessment; Transgenic-crops; Problem-formulation; Riskhypotheses; Decision-making-; Environmental-policy
JOURNAL NAME: Plant-science
354000161691540020
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 173
NUMERO: 6
FIRST PAGE: 589
LAST PAGE: 602
SHELF NUMBER: 15982
ORIGINAL TITLE: Recasting "substantial equivalence" : Transatlantic governance of GM food
TRANSLATED TITLE: Les remaniements du concept d'équivalence substantielle : la politique
transatlantique de gestion des risques des OGM
PERSONAL AUTHOR: LEVIDOW-Les; MURPHY-Joseph; CARR-Susan
AFFILIATION OF AUTHOR: Open Université, UNITED-KINGDOM; University of Leeds,
UNITED-KINGDOM
SOURCE: Science,-technology,-&-human-values. 2007; 32 (1): 26-64
NOTES: 2 p.3/4
PUBLISHER: Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, UNITED-STATES
ISSN: 0162-2439
LANGUAGE: English
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OGM
ABSTRACT: When intense public controversy erupted around agricultural biotechnology in the
late 1990s, critics found opportunities to challenge risk assessment criteria and test methods for
genetically modified (GM) products. In relation to GM food, they criticized the concept of
substantial equivalence, which European Union and United States regulators had adopted as the
basis for a harmonized, science-based approach to risk assessment. Competing policy agendas
framed scientific uncertainty in different ways. Substantial equivalence was contested and
eventually recast to accommodate some criticisms. To explain how the concept changed, this article
links two analytical perspectives. Regulatory-science perspectives illuminate how the scientification
of politics and politicization of science led to shifts in the boundary between science and policy.
Governance perspectives illuminate how the collective problem for policy was redefined to provide
a new common ground for some stakeholders. Overall, substantial equivalence was recast to govern
the social conflict and address legitimacy problems of regulatory procedures.
CLASSIFICATION CODE: 522332; 522V; 522
DESCRIPTORS ENGLISH: Century-20-21; Risk-; Regulation-; Legislation-; Biotechnology-;
Agriculture-; European-Union; USADESCRIPTORS FRENCH: Siècle-20-21; Politique-scientifique; Transatlantic-ConsumerDialogue-TACD; Codex-Alimentarius-Commission; Equivalence-substantielle; Organismegénétiquement-modifié; Risque-; Réglementation-; Législation-; Biotechnologie-; Agriculture-;
Union-européenne; Etats-UnisAUTHORS DESCRIPTORS: substantial-equivalence; regulatory-science; scientization-;
scientification-; politicization-; science/policy-boundary; governance-; Codex-AlimentariusCommission; Transatlantic-Consumer-Dialogue-(TACD)
JOURNAL NAME: Science,-technology,-&-human-values
354000145365780020
UPDATE: 20080107
VOLUME: 32
NUMERO: 1
FIRST PAGE: 26
LAST PAGE: 64
SHELF NUMBER: 24760
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Genetically modified organisms: do the benefits outweigh the risks?
AUTHOR: Hug,-K
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: K. Hug, Department of Medical Ethics, Lund University, BMC C 13,
221 84 Lund, Sweden. [email protected]
SOURCE: Medicina-(Kaunas). 2008; 44(2): 87-99
JOURNAL NAME: Medicina-Kaunas,-Lithuania
ISSN (ELECTRONIC VERSION): 1648-9144
-64-
OGM
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Lithuania
MAIN ABSTRACT: The objective of this literature review is to analyze the implications of using
genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as well as international and European position regarding
such organisms. METHOD: Review of international and European legal requirements and ethical
guidelines and relevant publications, found and accessed with the help of PubMed and Lund
University Library databases. RESULTS: The article discusses the main application areas of
GMOs, the expansion of using GMOs in the world as well as the advantages and disadvantages of
the implications of their usage. It further provides an overview of the suggested ways to tackle or
avoid the GMO-related risks. The international and European positions regarding the application
of GMOs are discussed and European Directives, Regulations, and ethical guidelines are
overviewed. The article further presents the public attitudes towards GMOs in Europe as well as
overviews surveys conducted at the national level. CONCLUSION: Suggested steps to tackle the
challenge of developing and managing biotechnology for the benefit of public health and the
environment are presented.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Organisms,-Genetically-Modified
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: Agriculture-; Animal-Feed; Biotechnology-ethics;
Biotechnology-legislation-and-jurisprudence; Child-; Data-Collection; Ethics-; Europe-; EuropeanUnion; Food,-Genetically-Modified-adverse-effects; Food,-Genetically-Modified-economics;
Gene-Transfer-Techniques; Internationality-; Interviews-as-Topic; Jurisprudence-; Plants,Genetically-Modified-adverse-effects; Public-Opinion; Risk-Assessment; SafetyAGE TAGS: Child
CHECK TAGS AND RESEARCH SUPPORT: Animals; Humans
PUBLICATION TYPE: Comparative-Study; Journal-Article; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: ethics; legislation-and-jurisprudence; adverse-effects; economics
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Medicine
PUBLISHING MODEL: Citation processed from: Internet
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Allergenicity assessment of genetically modified crops--what makes sense?
AUTHOR: Goodman,-R-E; Vieths,-S; Sampson,-H-A; Hill,-D; Ebisawa,-M; Taylor,-S-L; vanRee,-R
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska,
Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583-0955, USA. [email protected]
SOURCE: Nat-Biotechnol. 2008 Jan; 26(1): 73-81
JOURNAL NAME: Nature-biotechnology
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LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
MAIN ABSTRACT: GM crops have great potential to improve food quality, increase harvest
yields and decrease dependency on certain chemical pesticides. Before entering the market their
safety needs to be scrutinized. This includes a detailed analysis of allergenic risks, as the safety of
allergic consumers has high priority. However, not all tests currently being applied to assessing
allergenicity have a sound scientific basis. Recent events with transgenic crops reveal the fallacy of
applying such tests to GM crops.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Food-Analysis-methods; *Food-Hypersensitivity-etiology;
*Food-Hypersensitivity-prevention-and-control; *Food,-Genetically-Modified-adverse-effects;
*Plants,-Genetically-Modified-adverse-effects; *Risk-Assessment-methods
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: Consumer-Product-Safety; Food-Hypersensitivityimmunology; Plants,-Genetically-Modified-immunology; Risk-Factors
CHECK TAGS AND RESEARCH SUPPORT: Humans
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article; Research-Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: methods; etiology; immunology; prevention-and-control; adverse-effects
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Biotechnology
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Genetic and ecological consequences of transgene flow to the wild flora.
AUTHOR: Felber,-F; Kozlowski,-G; Arrigo,-N; Guadagnuolo,-R
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Laboratoire de Botanique evolutive, Institut de Biologie, Universite de
Neuchatel, rue Emile-Argand 11, 2009, Neuchatel, Switzerland. [email protected]
SOURCE: Adv-Biochem-Eng-Biotechnol. 2007; 107: 173-205
JOURNAL NAME: Advances-in-biochemical-engineering-biotechnology
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Germany
MAIN ABSTRACT: Gene flow from crops to wild relatives by sexual reproduction is one of the
major issues in risk assessment for the cultivation of genetically engineered (GE) plants. The main
factors which influence hybridization and introgression, the two processes of gene flow, as well as
the accompanying containment measures of the transgene, are reviewed. The comparison of risks
between Switzerland and Europe highlights the importance of regional studies. Differences were
assessed for barley, beet and wheat. Moreover, transgene flow through several wild species acting
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as bridge (bridge species) has been up to now poorly investigated. Indeed, transgene flow may go
beyond the closest wild relative, as in nature several wild species complexes hybridize. Its
importance is assessed by several examples in Poaceae. Finally, the transgene itself has genetic and
ecological consequences that are reviewed. Transgenic hybrids between crops and wild relatives
may have lower fitness than the wild relatives, but in several cases, no cost was detected. On the
other hand, the transgene provides advantages to the hybrids, in the case of selective value as a Bt
transgene in the presence of herbivores. Genetic and ecological consequences of a transgene in a
wild species are complex and depend on the type of transgene, its insertion site, the density of
plants and ecological factors. More studies are needed for understanding the short and long term
consequences of escape of a transgene in the wild.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Ecology-; *Gene-Flow; *Hybridization,-Genetic; *Plants,Genetically-Modified; *TransgenesMINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: Crops,-Agricultural-genetics; Models,-Genetic; Poaceaegenetics; Risk-Assessment
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article; Research-Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: genetics
JOURNAL CATEGORY: Biochemistry; Biotechnology
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Assessing effects of transgenic crops on soil microbial communities.
AUTHOR: Widmer,-F
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Molecular Ecology, Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon Research Station
ART, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland. [email protected]
LANGUAGE: English
MAIN ABSTRACT: Deleterious effects of transgenic plants on soils represent an often expressed
concern, which has catalyzed numerous studies in the recent past. In this literature review, studies
addressing this question have been compiled. A total of 60 studies has been found, and their
findings as well as their analytical approaches are summarized. These studies analyzed the effects
of seven different types of genetically engineered traits, i.e., herbicide tolerance, insect resistance,
virus resistance, proteinase inhibitors, antimicrobial activity, environmental application, and
biomolecule production. Sixteen genetically engineered plant species were investigated in these
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studies including corn, canola, soybean, cotton, potato, tobacco, alfalfa, wheat, rice, tomato, papaya,
aubergine, and silver birch. Many of these plants and traits have not been commercialized and
represent experimental model systems. Effects on soil microbial characteristics have been described
in various studies, indicating the sensitivity and feasibility of the analytical approaches applied.
However, classification of the observed effects into acceptable and unacceptable ones has not been
possible so far. Establishment of validated indicators for adverse effects represents a scientific
challenge for the near future, and will assist risk assessment and regulation of transgenic plants
commercially released to the field.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Ecosystem-; *Plants,-Genetically-Modified; *SoilMicrobiology
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: Bacteria-classification; Bacteria-genetics; Crops,-Agriculturalgenetics
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article; Research-Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: classification; genetics
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Assessing environmental risks of transgenic plants.
AUTHOR: Andow,-D-A; Zwahlen,-C
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson
Hall, St Paul, MN 55108, USA. [email protected]
SOURCE: Ecol-Lett. 2006 Feb; 9(2): 196-214
JOURNAL NAME: Ecology-letters
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: England
MAIN ABSTRACT: By the end of the 1980s, a broad consensus had developed that there were
potential environmental risks of transgenic plants requiring assessment and that this assessment
must be done on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the transgene, recipient organism,
intended environment of release, and the frequency and scale of the intended introduction. Since
1990, there have been gradual but substantial changes in the environmental risk assessment process.
In this review, we focus on changes in the assessment of risks associated with non-target species
and biodiversity, gene flow, and the evolution of resistance. Non-target risk assessment now
focuses on risks of transgenic plants to the intended local environment of release. Measurements of
gene flow indicate that it occurs at higher rates than believed in the early 1990s, mathematical
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theory is beginning to clarify expectations of risks associated with gene flow, and management
methods are being developed to reduce gene flow and possibly mitigate its effects. Insect pest
resistance risks are now managed using a high-dose/refuge or a refuge-only strategy, and the
present research focuses on monitoring for resistance and encouraging compliance to requirements.
We synthesize previous models for tiering risk assessment and propose a general model for tiering.
Future transgenic crops are likely to pose greater challenges for risk assessment, and meeting these
challenges will be crucial in developing a scientifically coherent risk assessment framework.
Scientific understanding of the factors affecting environmental risk is still nascent, and
environmental scientists need to help improve environmental risk assessment.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Conservation-of-Natural-Resources; *Crops,-Agriculturalgenetics; *Ecosystem-; *Plants,-Genetically-Modified
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: EvolutionPUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: genetics
Notice MEDLINE
TITLE: Ecological impacts of genetically modified crops: ten years of field research and
commercial cultivation.
AUTHOR: Sanvido,-O; Romeis,-J; Bigler,-F
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon Research Station ART,
Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland. [email protected]
LANGUAGE: English
MAIN ABSTRACT: The worldwide commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops
has raised concerns about potential adverse effects on the environment resulting from the use of
these crops. Consequently, the risks of GM crops for the environment, and especially for
biodiversity, have been extensively assessed before and during their commercial cultivation.
Substantial scientific data on the environmental effects of the currently commercialized GM crops
are available today. We have reviewed this scientific knowledge derived from the past 10 years of
worldwide experimental field research and commercial cultivation. The review focuses on the
currently commercially available GM crops that could be relevant for agriculture in Western and
Central Europe (i.e., maize, oilseed rape, and soybean), and on the two main GM traits that are
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currently commercialized, herbicide tolerance (HT) and insect resistance (IR). The sources of
information included peer-reviewed scientific journals, scientific books, reports from regions with
extensive GM crop cultivation, as well as reports from international governmental organizations.
The data available so far provide no scientific evidence that the cultivation of the presently
commercialized GM crops has caused environmental harm. Nevertheless, a number of issues related
to the interpretation of scientific data on effects of GM crops on the environment are debated
controversially. The present review highlights these scientific debates and discusses the effects of
GM crop cultivation on the environment considering the impacts caused by cultivation practices of
modern agricultural systems.
MAJOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: *Crops,-Agricultural-genetics; *Ecosystem-; *Plants,Genetically-Modified-genetics
MINOR MESH DESCRIPTORS: Crops,-Agricultural-drug-effects; Drug-Resistance-genetics;
Herbicides-pharmacology; Insecticide-Resistance-genetics; Plants,-Genetically-Modified-drugeffects
PUBLICATION TYPE: Journal-Article; Research-Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; ReviewSUBHEADINGS: drug-effects; genetics; pharmacology
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 0
PRIME NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Herbicides
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