Pratique - E-book de la sonorisation

Transcription

Pratique - E-book de la sonorisation
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Rtcvkswg
Rtcvkswg
Hqtv"fÓwpg"eqorfivgpeg"vgejpkswg"gv"fg"swgnswgu"ocvfitkgnu"*uqwfwtg."eqppgevkswgÈ+.
ng"tfiikuugwt"uqp"fqkv"ucxqkt"tfirqpftg"cwz"fkhhfitgpvgu"eqphkiwtcvkqpu"fg"ucnngu"*gurceg
uefipkswg."ueflpg"gzvfitkgwtgÈ+"gv"uÓcfcrvgt" "nc"ocvkfltg" "uqpqtkugt"*fkueqwtu."ejcpv.
eqpegtvÈ+
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Ng"t»ng"fw"uqpqtkucvgwt
Ng"t»ng"fw"uqpqtkucvgwt
Ng"uqpqtkucvgwt
EÓguv"wp"vgejpkekgp"vtcxcknncpv"cw"ugkp"fg"nÓfiswkrg"vgejpkswg0"Kn"c"nc"tgurqpucdknkvfi"fg
fkhhwugt"wp"oguucig"uqpqtg"fcpu"fgu"ucnngu"cwz"ceqwuvkswgu"rcthqku"fkhhkekngu"cxge
fgu"ocvfitkgnu"fg"uqpqtkucvkqp"rcu"vqwlqwtu"cfcrvfiu"gv"fgu"owukekgpu"wvknkucpv"ngwtu
cornkhkecvgwtu"swgnswgu"hqku"fg"ocpkfltg"ffidtkffig0
Ng"t»ng"fw"uqpqtkucvgwt
Kn"guv"<
ejctifi"fÓcornkhkgt"gv"fg"fkhhwugt"fkxgtu"kpuvtwogpvu"fg"owukswg."fgu"xqkz."wpg"dcpfg
uqp."wp"hknoÈ
cw"ugtxkeg"fg"nÓctvkuvg"<"wp"dqp"vgejpkekgp"ug"fqkv"fg"tgurgevgt"nÓqgwxtg"owukecng."nc
pcvwtg"fw"uqp"fg"nÓkpuvtwogpv"fg"ejcswg"owukekgp
cw"ugtxkeg"fw"rwdnke"<"kn"fqkv"tgpftg"citficdng"nÓfieqwvg"fÓwp"urgevceng."gv"eg." "vqwv
gpftqkv"fg"nc"ucnng"*fixkvgt"ngu"rtgokgtu"tcpiu"swk"uqtvgpv"uqwtfu"gv"ngu"fgtpkgtu"swk
pÓqpv"tkgp"eqortku"cw"vgzvg+
qticpkufi"<"rt‒v" "nÓjgwtg"qw"cxcpv"nÓjgwtg."kn"cwtc"kpuvcnnfi"gv"tfiinfi"nÓgpugodng"fgu
fiswkrgogpvu"fg"uqpqtkucvkqp"cxcpv"nÓcttkxfig"fgu"ctvkuvgu0"Tkgp"fg"rnwu"cic›cpv"rqwt
fgu"ctvkuvgu"cttkxcpv"fcpu"wpg"ucnng"rqwt"nc"dcncpeg"uqp."fÓgpvgpftg"ng"vgejpkekgp"fktg
Å"wp."fgwz"="wp."fgwz"Ç"qw"fieqwvgt"uqp"fkuswg"hcxqtk" "rngkpg"rwkuucpeg"#
eqpuvcoogpv" "nÓfieqwvg"fg"eg"swk"ug"rcuug"uwt"ng"rncvgcw"gv"fqkv"tficikt"gp
eqpufiswgpeg0
Kn"fqkv"eqppc vtg"gv"tgeqppc vtg"ugu"nkokvgu"<"pg"rcu"jfiukvgt" "fgocpfgt"cw"owukekgp
fg"swgnng"ocpkfltg"kn"c"nÓjcdkvwfg"fg"uqpqtkugt"uqp"kpuvtwogpv"="qw"gpeqtg"uÓkn"rgwv
dckuugt"nfiifltgogpv"uqp"cornk"rcteg"swg." "nwk"vqwv"ugwn."eÓguv"ffil "vtqr"hqtv"fcpu"nc
ucnng0"Wpg"eqornkekvfi"gv"wpg"tgncvkqp"fg"eqphkcpeg"fqkxgpv"pc vtg"gpvtg"vgejpkekgpu"gv
owukekgpu0
Ng"vgejpkekgp"fw"uqp"rgwv/‒vtg"rqn{xcngpv"qw"rnwu"urfiekcnkufi"<
okzgwt"hc›cfg"<"tgurqpucdng"fw"uqp"fcpu"nc"ucnng
okzgwt"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg"<"ejctifi"fg"nc"fkhhwukqp"uwt"ueflpg
e¤dngwt"qw"rcvejgwt"<"kpuvcnng"gv"eqppgevg"ngu"oketqrjqpgu
urfiekcnkuvg"fcpu"nÓkpuvcnncvkqp"gv"ng"tfiincig"fg"u{uvflogu"fg"fkhhwukqp0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Nc"xcnkug"fw"uqpqtkucvgwt
Nc"xcnkug"fw"uqpqtkucvgwt
Chkp"fg"rctgt" "vqwvg"fixgpvwcnkvfi."wp"vgejpkekgp"fw"uqp"fgxtc"ug"owpkt"fg"swgnswgu
qwvknu"gv"ceeguuqktgu"<
3"EF"fg"ukipcwz"fg"vguv qw"wp"EF"swg"nÓqp"eqppc v"vtflu"dkgp"*rqwt"ug"fqppgt"wpg
kffig"fg"nc"tguvkvwvkqp"fÓwp"u{uvflog+
3"ecuswg
3"tqwngcw"fg"rcrkgt"cfjfiukh. wp"hgwvtg"kpffinfidkng"*rqwt"ngu"octswcigu"uwt"nc
eqpuqng"gv"ugu"rfitkrjfitkswgu+
3"ncorg"fg"rqejg *nqtu"fw"urgevceng."ngu"nwokfltgu"fg"ugtxkeg"uqpv"eqwrfigu"gv"kn"hckv
uqwxgpv"uqodtg"fcpu"wp"vjfi¤vtg"#+
3"crrctgkn"fg"oguwtg *vgpukqp"gv"eqpvkpwkvfi+
3"nqv"fg"vqwtpgxku rncvu"gv"etwekhqtogu."ucpu"qwdnkgt"ngu"Å"okpku"Ç
3"lgw"fg"enfi"ukz"rcpu
3"hgt" "uqwfgt."fg"nÓfivckp
wp"fiejcpvknnqp"fg"hwukdngu rqwt"crrctgknncigu"fingevtqpkswgu"gv"eqhhtgvu
fÓcnkogpvcvkqp
3"nqv"fg"rkpegu <"eqwrcpvg." "ffipwfgt."rncvg
3"tqwngcw"fÓcfjfiukh"fingevtkekgp
swgnswgu"tceeqtfu <"kpxgtugwtu"fg"rjcug."ZNT"Î"ZNT"ucpu"ocuug"*rqwt"eqwrgt"ngu
dqwengu"fg"ocuugu+."gve000
3"rkng";"xqnvu."3"dnkuvgt"fg"NT25"gv"NT280
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Nc"hkejg"vgejpkswg
Nc"hkejg"vgejpkswg
EÓguv"wp"fqewogpv"tficnkufi"rct"nÒfiswkrg"vgejpkswg"fg"nÓctvkuvg"gv"lqkpv"cw"eqpvtcv
fÓgpicigogpv0
Gnng"kpfkswg"ng"v{rg"fg"ocvfitkgn"uqp."nwokfltg"gv"rncvgcw" "hqwtpkt"rct"nÓqticpkucvgwt.
ngu"vgoru"fg"oqpvcig"gv"tfirfivkvkqp"pfieguucktgu."ckpuk"swg"ngu"dguqkpu"gp"rgtuqppgn0
Gp"ifipfitcn."nqtuswÓwp"qticpkucvgwt"cejflvg"wp"urgevceng."kn"uÓgpicig" "ogvvtg"
fkurqukvkqp"fg"nÓctvkuvg"ngu"oq{gpu"vgejpkswgu"gv"jwockpu"fgocpffiu"rct"egvvg"hkejg
vgejpkswg0"Gp"ecu"fg"ocpswgogpv"korqtvcpv."nÓctvkuvg"rqwttckv"cppwngt"uc
tgrtfiugpvcvkqp"gv"eqpugtxgt"uqp"ecejgv0"Cvvgpvkqp"fqpe" "nc"eqorngzkvfi"vgejpkswg
fgu"urgevcengu"swg"nÓqp"uqwjckvg"rtqitcoogt0"Ng"rtqitcoocvgwt"fqkv"fgocpfgt"cw
tgurqpucdng"vgejpkswg"fg"nc"ucnng"uk"vgn"qw"vgn"urgevceng"rtguugpvk"rgwv"ug"rtqfwktg
fcpu"ngwt"nkgw."qw"uk"wpg"cfcrvcvkqp"guv"rquukdng"gv" "swgn"eq̂v0
Ngu"oq{gpu"vgejpkswgu" "hqwtpkt
Eg"uqpv"ngu oq{gpu"uqwjckvfiu"rct"nÓfiswkrg"vgejpkswg fg"nÓctvkuvg0
Dkgp"uqwxgpv"egu"oq{gpu"rgwxgpv"‒vtg"cfcrvfiu"cwz"nkgwz"gv"fgu"fiswkxcngpegu"gpvtg
fkhhfitgpvu"rtqfwkvu"rgwxgpv"‒vtg"wvknkufiu0
Cxcpv"fg"nqwgt" "nc"ngvvtg"ng"ocvfitkgn"fgocpffi."kn"guv"kpfkurgpucdng"fg rtgpftg
eqpvcev cxge"wp"tgurqpucdng"vgejpkswg"fg"nÓctvkuvg"rqwt"fkuewvgt"fgu"eqortqoku
rquukdngu"gv"nwk"fqppgt"fgu"rtfiekukqpu"uwt"nc"ucnng"q́"ug"rtqfwktc"ng"urgevceng0
Nc"hkejg"vgejpkswg"UQP"eqortgpf"ifipfitcngogpv <
wpg"nkuvg"fgu"dguqkpu"ocvfitkgn"*uqp"/"dcemnkpgÈ+
wpg"nkuvg"fgu"dguqkpu"jwockpu"<"pqodtg"gv"swcnkhkecvkqp"fgu"vgejpkekgpu"*cuukuvcpvu.
tfiikuugwtu"hc›cfg"gv"tgvqwtuÈ+
wp"rncp"fÓkorncpvcvkqp"uefipkswg
wpg"nkuvg"fg"e¤dncig"fgu"oketqu"gv"ngevgwtu
wp"rncppkpi"fg"vtcxckn
nc"nkuvg"fgu"eqpvcevu"vgejpkswgu
Egu"finfiogpvu"rgtogvvgpv" "nc"uvtwevwtg"fÓceewgkn"fg"rtfirctgt"cw"okgwz"nÓkpuvcnncvkqp
gv"nÓceewgkn"fgu"ctvkuvgu"gv"vgejpkekgpu0
Gzgorng"fg"rncp"fg"ueflpg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu
Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu
;"gzgorngu"f)kpuvcnncvkqp
Ngu"ecu"fg"hkiwtg"fcpu"ng"fqockpg"fg"nc"uqpqtkucvkqp"uqpv"fixkfgoogpv"pqodtgwz"gv
xctkfiu0"Pqwu"xqwu
rtqrquqpu"wpg"nkuvg"pqp"gzjcwuvkxg"fgu"rtkpekrcngu"ukvwcvkqpu0"Kn"uÓcikv"fÓgzgorngu
ceeqorcipfiu"fg"fquukgtu"uwt"nc"xqkz."nÓkphnwgpeg"fg"nÓckt."ngu"v{rgu"fg"owukswgu0"Ejcswg
nkgw"fg"urgevceng"guv"fkhhfitgpv."eqoog"ejcswg"eqpegtv."rkfleg"fg"vjfi¤vtg"qw"kpvgtrtflvg0"Ng
vgejpkekgp"fw"uqp"fgxtc"wvknkugt"uqp"gzrfitkgpeg"rqwt"fixcnwgt"gv"vgpkt"eqorvg"fgu
urfiekhkekvfiu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Fkueqwtu"gp"kpvfitkgwt"<
nc"xqkz
Fkueqwtu"gp"kpvfitkgwt"<"nc"xqkz
Qdlgevkhu
Pqwu"cnnqpu"tgejgtejgt" "vtcpuogvvtg"kek"wp"oguucig"uqpqtg"cxge"wp"oczkowo
fÓkpvgnnkikdknkvfi"rqwt"wpg"fieqwvg"citficdng0"Nc"eqortfijgpukqp"fw"vgzvg"guv"rtkoqtfkcng0
Ng"vgoru"fg"tfixgtdfitcvkqp"fg"nc"ucnng"fgxtc"‒vtg"eqwtv"<"2.:"ugeqpfg"oczkowo0
Cw/fgn "ngu"u{nncdgu"ug"ejgxcwejgpv"gv"nÓkpvgnnkikdknkvfi"fkokpwg00
Rtkpekrg
Nc"xqkz
Ejcswg"uqp"fioku"guv"eqorqufi"fg"<
fgwz"rfitkqfgu"vtcpukvqktgu"*hqtocvkqp"gv"gzvkpevkqp"fw"uqp+"swk"uÓcrrgnngpv"eqpuqppgu
wpg"rfitkqfg"fg"uvcdknkvfi"<"ngu"xq{gnngu0
Ngu"xq{gnngu"uqpv"rtqfwkvgu"rct"ngu"xkdtcvkqpu"fgu"eqtfgu"xqecngu"="ngu"ecxkvfiu"fw
pg|."fg"nc"iqtig"gv"fg"nc"dqwejg"lqwgpv"ng"t»ng"fg"tfiuqpcvgwtu0
Ngu"eqpuqppgu"ug"fkxkugpv"gp"<
eqpuqppgu"xqecngu"*I."T"rtqfwkvgu"rct"ngu"eqtfgu"xqecngu+
eqpuqppgu"pqp"xqecngu"*H."M."R."UÈ"rtqfwkvgu"rct"ng"htqvvgogpv"fg"nÓckt"uwt"ngu
nflxtgu."nc"ncpiwg."ng"rcncku"gv"ngu"fgpvu+0
NÓfipgtikg"rtqfwkvg"rct"nc"rctqng"guv"vtflu"hckdng0"Eg"uqpv"ngu"htfiswgpegu"dcuugu"swk
eqpvkgppgpv"nc"rnwu
itcpfg"rctvkg"fg"nÓfipgtikg0"Ng"oczkowo"fÓfipgtikg"ug"ukvwg"cwvqwt"fg"322"Î"347"J|
rqwt"wp"jqoog"gv"422"/"472"J|"rqwt"nc"hgoog0
NÓkpvgnnkikdknkvfi"fg"nc"rctqng"ffirgpf"fg"rnwukgwtu"hcevgwtu"<
nÓfipgtikg"xqecng"*rwkuucpeg+
nc"xkvguug"fÓfinqewvkqp
nc"swcnkvfi"xqecng"fw"urgcmgt"*ctvkewncvkqp+
nc"swcnkvfi"ceqwuvkswg"fw"nqecn
ng"dtwkv"codkcpv
Eqpvtcktgogpv" "nÓfipgtikg."nÓkpvgnnkikdknkvfi"fg"nc"rctqng"ug"ukvwg"fcpu"ngu"htfiswgpegu
ckiw u0
Uk"nÓqp"eqwrg"cxge"wp"hknvtg"rcuug/jcwv"ngu"htfiswgpegu"itcxgu."qp"pg"pqvg"cwewp"ghhgv
uwt"nc"eqortfijgpukqp"=rct"eqpvtg."uk"nÓqp"eqwrg"cxge"wp"hknvtg"rcuug/dcu"ngu
htfiswgpegu"ckiw u."nÓfipgtikg"pg"ejcpig"rcu"ocku"ng"oguucig"fgxkgpv
kpeqortfijgpukdng0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Vgejpkswg
Ocvfitkgn"pfieguucktg"<
3"qw"4"oketqu"cxge"itknng"qw"dqppgvvg"cpvk/xgpv"*rqwt"tfifwktg"ngu"rnqukxgu"Å"rqru"Ç+
4"rkgfu"fg"oketq"qw"cvvcejgu"urfiekcngu"rqwt"rwrkvtg
3"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig
4"jcwv/rctngwtu"uwt"rkgfu"qw"fcxcpvcig"uk"nc"vcknng"fw"nkgw"ng"pfieguukvg
3"qw"4"rgvkvu"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg
4"cornkhkecvgwtu
3"ownvkrcktg"rqwt"xfijkewngt"ngu"oqfwncvkqpu"oketqu"gv"cornkhkecvgwtu"fg"nc"tfiikg"xgtu
nc"ueflpg
tcnnqpigu"ugevgwt"gv"dq vkgtu"ownvkrtkugu
fixgpvwgnngogpv"ngevgwt"EF."gptgikuvtgwt"M9
e¤dncig"eqorngv
Uejfioc"f)kpuvcnncvkqp
Fcpu"ng"ecu"fÓwpg"ucnng"vtflu"nqpiwg."qp"rqwttc"kpuvcnngt"fgwz"jcwv/rctngwtu
uwrrnfiogpvcktgu"gp"tcrrgn0"Egu"jcwv/rctngwtu"fgxtqpv"‒vtg"cnkogpvfiu"cxge"wpg
oqfwncvkqp"tgvctffig"ugnqp"nc"fkuvcpeg"rcteqwtwg"*gpx0"5"oknnk/ugeqpfgu"fg"tgvctf"rct
oflvtg+
Qp"rtfihfltgtc"kpuvcnngt"nc"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig"fcpu"nc"ucnng" "uqpqtkugt"chkp"fg"rqwxqkt
tfiingt"ngu"pkxgcwz"gv"eqttkigt"ng"vkodtg"fg"nÓqtcvgwt0
Qp"wvknkugtc"uqkv"wp"ugwn"oketq"egpvtfi"fgxcpv"nc"dqwejg"fg"nÓqtcvgwt."uqkv"fgwz"oketqu
rncefiu"fg"rctv"gv"fÓcwvtg"fw"rwrkvtg0"Egvvg"fgtpkfltg"uqnwvkqp"rgtogv"fcxcpvcig"fg
oqwxgogpv"fg"nÓqtcvgwt"gv"nkdfltg"nc"xwg"fg"uqp"xkucig0Nqtuswg"nÓqtcvgwt"pÓguv"rcu
eqwvwokgt"fw"oketq."ng"t»ng"fw"uqpqtkucvgwt"guv"fg"nwk"gzrnkswgt"eqoogpv"ug
rqukvkqppgt"rct"tcrrqtv" "egnwk/ek."chkp"fÓfixkvgt"ngu"eqpufiswgpegu"fg"oqwxgogpvu"gv
fiectvu"uwt"nc"rtkug"fg"uqp"*fqpe"fg"nc"eqortfijgpukqp"fg"uqp"oguucig+0
Ngu"oketqu" "wvknkugt"uqpv"fg"v{rg <
uvcvkswgu"qw" "fingevtgv"<"nÓCMI"869"rtqrqug"wpg"fktgevkxkvfi"j{rgt"ectfkq•fg"*rnwu"fg
ickp"cxcpv"nctugp+"gv"wp"gpeqodtgogpv"okpkog"*fkuetfivkqp+
qw"f{pcokswgu"<"UO"7:È
NÓwvknkucvkqp"fÓwp"crrctgkn"fg"eqortguukqp"rgwv"ckfgt" "nkokvgt"egtvckpu"gzeflu"fg"xqkz
vqwv"gp"cwiogpvcpv"ngu"pkxgcwz"hckdngu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Efitfioqpkg"gzvfitkgwtg"<
kphnwgpeg"fg"n)ckt
Efitfioqpkg"gzvfitkgwtg"<"kphnwgpeg"fg"n)ckt
Qdlgevkhu
Kn"uÓcikv"kek"fg"vtcpuogvvtg"fg"nc"rctqng"gv"fg"nc"owukswg"xgtu"ng"rwdnke"tfirctvk"uwt"wp"gurceg
tgncvkxgogpv"itcpf0"Ngu"tgoctswgu"eqpegtpcpv"nÓkpvgnnkikdknkvfi"gv"nc"xqkz"uqpv"ngu"o‒ogu
swg"fcpu"ng"fquukgt"rtfiefifgpv0
Rtkpekrg
NÓcduqtrvkqp"fg"nÓckt"rtqxqswg"wpg"cvvfipwcvkqp"fw"pkxgcw"uqpqtg"gv"uwtvqwv"fgu"htfiswgpegu
ckiw u0NÓkphnwgpeg"fw"xgpv"guv"korqtvcpvg"uwt"nc"rtqrcicvkqp"fw"uqp"<
rct"hckdng"xgpv"cttkfltg"qp"qdugtxg"wpg"cwiogpvcvkqp"fg"nc"fkuvcpeg"eqwxgtvg"<"ng"xgpv
kphnfiejkv"ngu"qpfgu"uqpqtgu"xgtu"ng"uqn0
rct"xgpv"hqtv"gv"xctkcdng."nc"uqpqtkucvkqp"rgwv"‒vtg"tgpfwg"kpeqortfijgpukdng0
rct"xgpv"fg"hceg."nc"rqtvfig"fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu"guv"fkokpwfig"ect"ngu"qpfgu"uqpqtgu"qpv
vgpfcpeg" "uÓfingxgt0
N)kphnwgpeg"fg"nc"vgorfitcvwtg <
nqtuswg"ng"vgoru"guv"rnwxkgwz"qw"dtwogwz"gv"swg"nc"vgorfitcvwtg"guv"nc"o‒og"cw"pkxgcw"fw
uqn"gv"fcpu"ngu"dcuugu"eqwejgu"fg"nÓcvoqurjfltg."ng"uqp"ug"rtqrcig"gp"nkipg"ftqkvg"gv
uÓcvvfipwg"gp"hqpevkqp"fg"nc"fkuvcpeg0
kn"pÓgp"guv"rcu"fg"o‒og"ng"lqwt"rct"vgoru"gpuqngknnfi"<"nc"vgttg"uÓfiejcwhhg"gv"tc{qppg"fgu
ecnqtkgu"rtflu"fw"uqn"="rct"eqpvtg."nÓckt"guv"rnwu"htcku0"NÓckt"ejcwf"oqpvg"gv"gpvtc pg"nc
rwkuucpeg"uqpqtg."eg"swk"tfifwkv"nc"rwkuucpeg"fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu0
nqtuswg"ng"uqn"guv"htqkf"qw"tgeqwxgtv"fg"pgkig"gv"swg"ng"uqngkn"dtknng."ngu"eqwejgu"fÓckt
uÓfiejcwhhgpv"rnwu"xkvg"swg"ng"uqn0"Ngu"qpfgu"uqpqtgu"uqpv"kphnfiejkgu"xgtu"ng"uqn"="kn"ug
rtqfwkv"wpg"qw"rnwukgwtu"tfihngzkqpu"gv"nc"rqtvfig"fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu"guv"cwiogpvfig0
N)kphnwgpeg"fg"nc"pcvwtg"fw"uqn"guv"korqtvcpvg"<"wpg"uwthceg"eqpvgpcpv"wp"xcuvg"cwfkvqktg
fgdqwv"kpfwkv"wpg"hqtvg"cvvfipwcvkqp"fgu"ckiwu0"Kn"guv"pfieguucktg"fg"oqpvgt"ngu
jcwv/rctngwtu"ofifkwo/ckiwu"uwt"fgu"uwrrqtvu"cuug|"jcwvu"fg"ocpkfltg" "eg"swg"ng
hckuegcw"uqpqtg"fguegpfg"xgtu"ng"rwdnke."ucpu"tgpeqpvtgt"fÓqduvceng0"Gp"gzvfitkgwt."swcpf
pqwu"pqwu"finqkipqpu"fÓwpg"uqwteg"uqpqtg"pqwu"eqpuvcvqpu"swg"nÓkpvgpukvfi"fw"uqp"fkokpwg
fg"8"fD"ejcswg"hqku"swg"pqvtg"fkuvcpeg" "egvvg"uqwteg"fqwdng0"*xqkt"vcdngcw"cvvfipwcvkqp"gp
hqpevkqp"fg"nc"fkuvcpeg+
Gzgorngu"<"cvvfipwcvkqp" "32o"fg"nc"uqwteg"<"/"42"fD"=" "42"o"<"/"48"fD"=" ":2"o"<"/"5:"fD
Vgejpkswg
Ocvfitkgn"pfieguucktg <
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
oketqu"cxge"dqppgvvgu"cpvk/xgpv"*cvvgpvkqp."gp"gzvfitkgwt"ng"xgpv"tkuswg"fg"ucvwtgt"ngu
ogodtcpgu"fgu"oketqu+"gv"rkgfu"fg"oketq
3"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig
rnwukgwtu"jcwv/rctngwtu"oqpvfiu"uwt"fgu"vqwtu"*rnwu"qp"xgwv"rqtvgt"nqkp."rnwu"qp"fqkv"fingxgt
nc"uqwteg+
cornkhkecvgwtu
fixgpvwgnngogpv"rtfixqkt"wpg"nkipg"fg"jcwv/rctngwtu"gp"tcrrgn"ffinc{fiu"uk"nÓgurceg" "eqwxtkt
ffircuug"52o
tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg"*ugnqp"ngu"dguqkpu+
3"ownvkrcktg"rqwt"xfijkewngt"ngu"oqfwncvkqpu"oketqu"gv
cornkhkecvgwtu"fg"nc"tfiikg" "nc"ueflpg
tcnnqpigu"ugevgwt"gv"dq vkgtu"ownvkrtkugu
fixgpvwgnngogpv"ngevgwt"EF."gptgikuvtgwt"M9
e¤dncig"eqorngv
d¤ejgu"gv"uceu"rncuvkswgu"rqwt"rtqvfiigt"ngu"JR"gp"ecu"fg"rnwkg0
Uk"f"?"67"o."kn"hcwftc"tgvctfgt"ng"ukipcn"fgu"vqwtu"fg"tcrrgn"fg"67"z"5"*5"ou"rct"oflvtg+"uqkv
357"oknk/ugeqpfgu
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Uqpqtkucvkqp"fgu"twgu"<
nc"nkipg"fgu"322"xqnvu
Uqpqtkucvkqp"fgu"twgu"<"nc"nkipg"fgu"322"xqnvu
Qdlgevkhu
Uqpqtkugt"wp"gpugodng"fg"twgu."wp"rcteqwtu"urqtvkh"qw"ewnvwtgnÈ"cxge"fkhhwukqp"fg
oguucigu"rctnfiu"gv"fg"nc"owukswg"fÓcodkcpeg0
Rtkpekrg
Nc tfiukuvkxkvfi"fgu"e¤dngu jcwv/rctngwt"gv"nc hckdng"vgpukqp"fw"ukipcn xfijkewnfi
gpigpftgpv"fg"itcpfgu"rgtvgu"gp"nkipg"nqtu"fÓkpuvcnncvkqpu"hckucpv"kpvgtxgpkt"fgu
nqpiwgwtu"korqtvcpvgu"fg"e¤dngu0
Rqwt"rcnnkgt"egvvg"ukvwcvkqp."kn"gzkuvg"wpg"vgejpkswg"<"nc"nkipg"322"xqnvu0
Qp"rnceg"crtflu"nÓcornkhkecvgwt"wp"vtcpuhqtocvgwt"finfixcvgwt"fg"vgpukqp"rtfiugpvcpv"
uc"uqtvkg"wpg"vgpukqp"fg"322"xqnvu"swk"rqwttc"‒vtg"fkuvtkdwfig"uwt"rnwukgwtu"egpvckpgu
fg"oflvtgu"ucpu"rgtvg"pqvcdng0"Ejcswg"gpegkpvg"guv"fqvfig"fÓwp"vtcpuhqtocvgwt
cdckuugwt"swk"tgfqppg"cw"ukipcn"wpg"vgpukqp"pqtocng"rqwt"cvvcswgt"ngu
jcwv/rctngwtu0
Cxcpvcigu <
Gnkokpcvkqp"fgu"rgtvgu"gp"nkipg0
Kpuvcnncvkqp"hceknkvfig."ngu"gpegkpvgu"fivcpv"tceeqtffigu"gp"rctcnnflng" "wpg"ukorng"nkipg
fg"fkuvtkdwvkqp"*xqkt"uejfioc+0
Ngu"vtcpuhqtocvgwtu"fÓgpegkpvgu"rquuflfgpv"rnwukgwtu"gptqwngogpvu"rgtogvvcpv"fg
ufingevkqppgt"kpfkxkfwgnngogpv"ngwt"rwkuucpeg"fg"hqpevkqppgogpv0
Kpeqpxfipkgpvu <
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Dcpfg"rcuucpvg"tfifwkvg"*rgw"fg"dcuugu"gv"fÓckiwu+"ocku"uwhhkucpvg" "nc
eqortfijgpukqp"fg"nc"rctqng"gv"nc"owukswg"fÓcodkcpeg0
Nc"nkipg"fgu"322"xqnvu
Vgejpkswg
Ocvfitkgn"pfieguucktg <
jcwv/rctngwtu"322"xqnvu"v{rg"Dqw{gt"TD57
cornkhkecvgwt1ofincpigwt"ecrcdng"fÓcnkogpvgt"ng"pqodtg"fg"JR"kpuvcnnfiu"*rwkuucpeg
cfcrvfig+
oketqrjqpg"gv"rncvkpg"EF"qw"M9
e¤dng"fingevtkswg"4"eqpfwevgwtu"3.7"qw"4.7"oo)
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Nkgwz"fg"nqkuktu
gzvfitkgwtu
Nkgwz"fg"nqkuktu"gzvfitkgwtu
Qdlgevkhu
Kn"uÓcikv"kek"fg"vtcpuogvvtg"fg"nc"rctqng"*oguucigu"fg"ufiewtkvfi+"cw"rwdnke0
Ngu"tgoctswgu"eqpegtpcpv"nÓkpvgnnkikdknkvfi"gv"nc"xqkz"uqpv"ngu"o‒ogu"swg"fcpu"ng
fquukgt"$Fkueqwtu"gp"kpvfitkgwt$0
Rtkpekrg
Qp"wvknkugtc"kek"fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu" "ejcodtg"fg"eqortguukqp"eqorqufiu"fÓwp"oqvgwt
gv"fÓwp"rcxknnqp0
Nc"htfiswgpeg"fg"eqwrwtg"fcpu"ngu"itcxgu"guv"hqpevkqp"fg"nc"fkogpukqp"fw"rcxknnqp"<
wp"rgvkv"rcxknnqp"eqwrg" "722"J|."wp"vtflu"itcpf" "372"J|0
Nc"htfiswgpeg"oczkocng"vtcpuokug"fcpu"ngu"ckiwu"guv"fÓgpxktqp"7"mJ|0
Egvvg"rncig"fg"htfiswgpegu"guv"uwhhkucpvg"rqwt"nc"rctqng"*ngu"htfiswgpegu"itcxgu"pg
uqpv"rcu"uqwjckvfigu"rqwt"wpg"dqppg"kpvgnnkikdknkvfi+0
Cxcpvcigu"<
tgpfgogpv"rnwu"fingxfi"*fg"326" "32:"FD"URN"rqwt"3"ycvv" "3"oflvtg+
fkhhwukqp"rgtewvcpvg"fg"nc"rctqng
fktgevkxkvfi"ghhkeceg
tfiukuvcpeg"cwz"kpvgorfitkgu
Wpg"uqwteg"wpkswg"hqtofig"rct"rnwukgwtu"jcwv/rctngwtu" "ejcodtg"fg"eqortguukqp
finkokpg"ng"tkuswg"fg"uwrgtrqukvkqp"fgu"u{nncdgu"qeecukqppfig"rct"fgu"uqwtegu
ownvkrngu0
Vgejpkswg
Ocvfitkgn"pfieguucktg"<
3"o¤v"fg"8" "32"o"fg"jcwvgwt
6"jcwv/rctngwtu" "ejcodtg"fg"eqortguukqp"fg"47"ycvvu
3"cornkhkecvgwt"ecrcdng"fg"ffinkxtgt"322"ycvvu
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Cw"vjficvtg
ACw"vjficvtg
Qdlgevkhu
Fcpu"ng"ecu"fg"hkiwtg"uwkxcpv."pqwu"fgxtqpu"ghhgevwgt"wpg"nfiifltg"tgrtkug"fgu"xqkz
fgu"eqofifkgpu"gv"fkhhwugt"fgu"owukswgu"ceeqorcipcpv"nc"okug"gp"ueflpg."fgu"uqpu
fÓcodkcpeg"gpxgnqrrcpv"nÓgurceg"uefipkswg"gv"fgu"dtwkvcigu"tficnkuvgu"fcpu"ng"ffieqt
*uqppgvvg"fcpu"nÓgpvtfig."uqp"fcpu"ng"rquvg"fg"tcfkqÈ+
Rtkpekrg
Pqwu"guuc{gtqpu"fÓqdvgpkt"ng"rnwu"fg"tficnkuog"rquukdng"fcpu"nc"tgrtqfwevkqp"fgu
xqkz"fgu"eqofifkgpu0
Gp"wvknkucpv"ngu"jcwv/rctngwtu"rncefiu" "icwejg"*I+"gv" "ftqkvg"*F+"fg"nc"ueflpg."ngu
urgevcvgwtu"rncefiu" "icwejg"qw" "ftqkvg"fw"egpvtg"cwtqpv"nÓkortguukqp"swg"nc"xqkz
xkgpv"fw"jcwv/rctngwt"swk"guv"ng"rnwu"rtqejg"fÓgwz."cnqtu"swg"nÓcevkqp"ug"ukvwg"cw
egpvtg"fg"nÓgurceg"uefipkswg0"Kn"{"c"cnqtu"wp"ffiufiswknkdtg"gpvtg"eg"swg"nÓqp"xqkv"gv"eg
swg"nÓqp"gpvgpf0"Cxge"wp"qw"fgwz"jcwv/rctngwtu"*enwuvgt"E+"ceetqejfiu"cw"egpvtg"fg
nc"ueflpg"gv"cw"pkxgcw"fw"dqtf"fg"ueflpg."qp"cwtc"swcukogpv"vqwlqwtu."swgnng"swg"uqkv
nc"rncegq́"nÓqp"ug"ukvwg."wpg"tgncvkxg"eqpeqtfcpeg"gpvtg"nÓqtkikpg"fg"nc"uqwteg
ceqwuvkswg"gv"nÓqtkikpg"fg"nc"uqwteg"cornkhkfig0
Nc"owukswg"ugtc"fkhhwufig"uwt"ngu"jcwv/rctngwtu"fg"hceg"*I-F+"gv"fixgpvwgnngogpv"uwt
ngu"fgwz"JR"rncefiu"cw"nqkpvckp0"Ngu"codkcpegu"ugtqpv"rnwv»v"fkhhwufigu"cw"nqkpvckp0"Wp
rgvkv"jcwv/rctngwt"rqwttc"‒vtg"fkuukownfi"fcpu"ng"ffieqt"rqwt"ukowngt"ng"uqp"fÓwp"rquvg
fg"tcfkq0"Wp"cwvtg"rqwttc"‒vtg"rncefi"fcpu"ngu"eqwnkuugu"rqwt"ukowngt"ngu"dtwkvu"fg"rcu
gv"ng"eqwr"fg"uqppgvvg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Vgejpkswg
Ocvfitkgn"pfieguucktg <
7"jcwv/rctngwtu"-"4"rgvkvu
9"ecpcwz"fÓcornkhkecvkqp
3"eqpuqng"rquufifcpv"cw"okpkowo"9"uqtvkgu"fkuvkpevgu
3"fiicnkugwt"53"dcpfgu"rqwt"fiicnkugt"rnwu"hkpgogpv"ng"enwuvgt"egpvtcn
5"oketqu"fg"uwthceg"*R¥O+"qw"5"oketqu"uvcvkswgu"uwt"rkgfu"fg"vcdng"rqwt"nc"ecrvcvkqp
fgu"uqpu"fgu"cevgwtu
3"ngevgwt"EF"qw"Okpk"fkue
e¤dncig
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Uqpqtkucvkqp"f)wpg
ejqtcng
Uqpqtkucvkqp"f)wpg"ejqtcng
Qdlgevkhu
Cornkhkgt"gv"tfifiswknkdtgt"egtvckpgu"xqkz"qw"uqnkuvgu0"Gptgikuvtgt"nc"ejqtcng0
Rtkpekrg
Eqoogpv"guv"eqpuvkvwfi"n)gpugodng"xqecn"A
Nc"ejqtcng"rgwv"‒vtg"fg"fgwz"uqtvgu"<
"wpg"xqkz"rtkpekrcng"<"ejcswg"ejqtkuvg"ejcpvg"nc"ofinqfkg"ucpu"fkuvkpevkqp"fg"rctvkgu0
"rnwukgwtu"xqkz"<"ngu"ejqtkuvgu"uqpv"tfirctvku"uwkxcpv"ngwt"vguukvwtg"<"uqrtcpqu."cnvqu.
vfipqtu
gv"dcuugu"gv"ejcswg"itqwrg"ejcpvg"uc"rctvkg"ugnqp"nÓfietkvwtg"fg"nÓqgwxtg0
Nc"eqorqukvkqp"fÓwp"gpugodng"xqecn" "rnwukgwtu"xqkz"uwkv"uqoocktgogpv"nc"tfling"fg
nÓqtejguvtg"<"rctvkg"jcwvg" "icwejg."ofifkwo"cw"egpvtg"gv"dcuug" "ftqkvg0"Kn"guv
uqwjckvcdng"fÓkpuvcnngt"ngu"ejqtkuvgu"uwt"fgu"guvtcfgu"rqwt"swg"ejcswg"xqkz"rwkuug
‒vtg"gpvgpfwg0
Rtkug"fg"uqp"<"vgejpkswg"gv"rncegogpv"fgu"oketqu
Fgu"oketqrjqpgu"fingevtquvcvkswgu"*dcpfg"rcuucpvg"nctig."ugpukdknkvfi"fingxfig"gv"hckdng
dtwkv"fg"hqpf+"rgtogvvgpv"fÓcuuwtgt"wpg"dqppg"rtkug"fg"uqp"fÓgpugodng"cxge"ng
rkswfi"pfieguucktg0
Wp"eqwrng"fg"oketqrjqpg"C1D"qw"pqtocnkufi"*QTVH"332̇/"39eo+"uwhhkv"nc"rnwrctv"fw
vgoru"ocku"rcu"vqwlqwtuÈ"*xqkt"Fquukgt"Vgejpkswg"1"Rtkug"fg"uqp"uvfitfiq+0"Egtvckpu
itqwrgu"*cocvgwtu"rtkpekrcngogpv+"qpv"fgu"rctvkgu"hckdngu"*vtqr"fg"uqrtcpqu"gv"vtqr
rgw"fg"dcuugu"rct"gzgorng+0"Wp"eqwrng"Z["gp"crrqkpv"rgwv"tgxcnqtkugt"egtvckpgu
xqkz0"Qp"rgwv"cwuuk"tcrrtqejgt"fw"eqwrng"ngu"ejqtkuvgu"ngu"oqkpu"pqodtgwz0
UÓkn"{"c"wp"uqnkuvg."wp"oketqrjqpg"ectfkq•fg"fÓcrrqkpv."uvcvkswg"qw"f{pcokswg."guv
wpg"dqppg"uqnwvkqp0"NÓgorncegogpv"oketqrjqpkswg"ffirgpf"rtkpekrcngogpv"fg
nÓcorngwt"fg"nc"ejqtcng."vqwvghqku"qp"pqvgtc"swÓwpg"fkurqukvkqp"fÓwp"eqwrng"wpkswg"
wpg"fkuvcpeg"fg"4"o"qw"oqkpu"rct"tcrrqtv"cwz"ejcpvgwtu."c"vgpfcpeg" "hcxqtkugt
egtvckpgu"xqkz"cw"ffivtkogpv"fg"nÓgpugodng0
Chkp"swg"nÓkocig"uvfitfiqrjqpkswg"uqkv"dkgp"fiswknkdtfig"gv"swÓkn"ug"ffiicig"wpg"dqppg
jqoqifipfikvfi."kn"guv"pfieguucktg"fg"tgurgevgt"wpg"egtvckpg"fkuvcpeg"eqortkug"gpvtg"5
o"gv"7"o"*xqktg"rnwu+"fw"3gt"tcpi"fgu"ejqtkuvgu."rqwt"wpg"jcwvgwt"fg"4.7"o" "5.7"o0
Ngu"ecruwngu"fgu"oketqrjqpgu"ugtqpv"fktkifigu"xgtu"ng"ejqgwt."wp"rgw"cw/fguuwu"fgu
4"rtgokgtu"tcpiu0
Fcpu"wpg"fiinkug."wpg"vtqr"itcpfg"tfixgtdfitcvkqp"vgpf" "guecoqvgt"ngu"xqkz"ckiw u
fgu"uqrtcpqu."cw"tkuswg"fg"ngu"tgpftg"kpkpvgnnkikdngu0"Wpg"ofivjqfg"eqpukuvg"
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
fkurqugt"ng"eqwrng"C1D
qw"332̇/39"eo" "gpxktqp"6"oflvtgu"fg"nc"ejqtcng"gv "wpg"jcwvgwt"fg"5"o"rqwt"ecrvgt
nÓcodkcpeg"gv"nc"tfixgtdfitcvkqp."cnqtu"swg"nÓqp"rncegtc"pgvvgogpv"rnwu"gp"cxcpv"* "4"qw
4.7"o"Î"jcwvgwt"4.7"o+"fgu"oketqrjqpgu"ectfkq•fgu"fkvu"fg"Å"rtfiugpeg"Ç
*ifipfitcngogpv"5+"<"wp"cw"egpvtg."wp"uwt"ejcewp"fgu"e»vfiu0"Egwz/ek"ugtqpv"ofincpifiu
cw"eqwrng"rtkpekrcn."ocku" "fgu"xcngwtu"kphfitkgwtgu0"Ng"ejqkz"fw"nqecn"ffirgpf"cxcpv
vqwv"fw"pqodtg"fg"ejqtkuvgu0
Wpg"rgvkvg"fiinkug"ogvvtc"rcthckvgogpv"gp"tgnkgh"wpg"xkpivckpg"fÓfinfiogpvu."cnqtu"swg
fgwz"egpvu"xqkz"ug"ugpvktqpv"rnwu" "nÓckug"fcpu"wpg"ecvjfiftcng0"Ngu"uqweku"rtkpekrcwz
fw"rtgpgwt"fg"uqp"fgogwtgpv"nÓfiswknkdtg"gv"nc"pgvvgvfi"fg"nÓkpvgtrtfivcvkqp0"Qp"fqkv
ukvwgt." "nÓfieqwvg."ngu"fkhhfitgpvgu"rctvkgu
xqecngu."ucpu"vqwvghqku"gpvgpftg"fgu"xqkz"ufirctfigu0
Tgoctswgu"rqwt"nc"uqpqtkucvkqp
Ngu"rtkpekrgu"fg"rtkug"fg"uqp"tguvgpv"ngu"o‒ogu"swg"rtfiefifgoogpv0"Vqwvghqku."gp
gzvfitkgwt."qp"xgknngtc" "fiswkrgt"vqwu"ngu"oketqrjqpgu"fg dqppgvvgu"cpvk/xgpv
ghhkecegu0
Nc"fkhhkewnvfi"ugtc"fg"rqwxqkt"uwhhkucoogpv"cornkhkgt"ngu"oketqrjqpgu"ucpu"nctugp0"Qp
wvknkugtc"wp"fiicnkugwt"itcrjkswg"qw"rctcofivtkswg"rqwt"fkokpwgt"ngu"htfiswgpegu
fÓceetqejcig"*nctugp+"nqtuswg"nÓqp"qwxtg"ngu"oketqu0
Qp"xgknngtc" "nc dqppg"kpuvcnncvkqp"fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu."uwt"rkgfu."rcu"vtqr"rtqejgu
fg"nc"ueflpg"gv"fgu"oketqrjqpgu0
NÓclqwv"fg"oketqrjqpgu"uwrrnfiogpvcktgu."rnwu"gp"rtqzkokvfi"fgu"ejcpvgwtu."rgtogvvtc
fÓcxqkt"rnwu"fg"pkxgcw"cxcpv"nctugp0
Wpg tfixgtdfitcvkqp"pwofitkswg rqwttc"clqwvgt"fg"nÓcodkcpeg"uwtvqwv"fcpu"fgu"ucnngu
rgw"tfixgtdfitcpvgu"qw"gp"rngkp/ckt0
NÓwvknkucvkqp"fÓcrrctgknu"fg"eqortguukqp"pÓguv"rcu"pfieguucktg0
Vgejpkswg
Ocvfitkgn"pfieguucktg
4"jcwv/rctngwtu"uwt"rkgfu"gv"cornkhkecvgwt
3"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig
3"fiicnkugwt"itcrjkswg
8"oketqu"fingevtquvcvkswgu"*cxge"dqppgvvgu"cpvk/xgpv"gp"rngkp/ckt+
5"dcttgu"fg"eqwrncig"rqwt"oketqu
5"rkgfu"fg"oketq
e¤dncig"oketq."ownvkrcktg.
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
3"tfixgtdfitcvkqp"pwofitkswg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Eqpegtv"fg"owukswg
encuukswg
Eqpegtv"fg"owukswg"encuukswg"/"tgrtkug"fg
uqnkuvgu
Qdlgevkhu
Uqpqtkugt"fg"ocpkfltg"nc"rnwu"ceqwuvkswg"rquukdng"wp"uqnkuvg"kpuvtwogpvkuvg"qw
ejcpvgwt0
Rtkpekrgu
Nc"fkurqukvkqp"fgu"gpegkpvgu"fg"uqpqtkucvkqp"guv"vtflu"korqtvcpvg"ect"gnng"pqwu
fqppgtc"wpg"kpfkecvkqp"uwt"nÓqtkikpg"fw"uqp0
Wpg"fkurqukvkqp"fg"rctv"gv"fÓcwvtg"fw"ecftg"fg"ueflpg"fqppgtckv"wpg"kocig"kttfignng0
Qp"rtfihfltgtc"nÓwvknkucvkqp"fÓwp enwuvgt egpvtcn"swk"fqppgtc"wpg"ogknngwtg"eqjfitgpeg"
nÓkocig"uqpqtg0
Qp"rqwttc"fiicngogpv"nwk"cflqkpftg"wp"jcwv/rctngwt"rqukvkqppfi"fgxcpv"ng"uqnkuvg"
cornkhkgt0"Eg"jcwv/rctngwt"pqwu"fqppgtc"nÓqtkikpg"fw"uqp"gv"ugtxktc"fg"tfihfitgpeg
vgorqtgnng"*vgoru"|fitq+"rqwt"ng"ecncig"fw"tgvctf"fgu"gpegkpvgu"fw"enwuvgt0"*xqkt
Fquukgt"Vgejpkswg1Ghhgv"jccu+0
Ng"oketqrjqpg"fw"uqnkuvg"*fingevtquvcvkswg"ectfkq•fg"qw"j{rgtectfkq•fg+"guv"kplgevfi
fcpu"ng"jcwv/rctngwt"kpuvcnnfi"fgxcpv"nwk0"Rqwt"eg"fgtpkgt."qp"ejqkuktc"wp"oqfflng"fg
vtflu"dqppg"swcnkvfi" "eqwxgtvwtg"korqtvcpvg"qw"okgwz."wp"JR"eqczkcn"322̇"rqwxcpv"ug
rqugt"cw"uqn"eqoog"wp"tgvqwt"fg"ueflpg0
Eg"JR"ugtc"pqvtg"tfihfitgpeg"vgorqtgnng0"Qp"rqwttc"nwk"crrnkswgt"swgnswgu
oknnk/ugeqpfgu"*3"qw"4"oflvtgu+"fgtgvctf."fg"ocpkfltg" "eg"swg"nÓqtgknng"gpvgpfg"ng"uqp
ceqwuvkswg"fw"uqnkuvg"gp"rtgokgt."rwku"eg"jcwv/rctngwt0"Uk"pqwu"cxqpu"dguqkp
fÓcornkhkgt"fÓcxcpvcig"ng"uqnkuvg"*itcpfg"ucnng."rngkp"ckt+"ng"ukipcn"fw"oketqrjqpg"ugtc
cwuuk"kplgevfi"fcpu"ng*u+"jcwv/rctngwt*u+"uwurgpfw*u+"gp"enwuvgt"cw"oknkgw"fg"nc"ucnng.
nfiifltgogpv"gp"cxcpv"fw"dqtf"fg"ueflpg"gv"cw*z+swgn*u+"pqwu"crrnkswgtqpu"fiicngogpv
ng"ffinck"pfieguucktg" "nÓghhgv"fg"rtfiefifgpeg0"Ng"rcthckv"tfiincig"fgu"tgvctfu"*qw"ffincku+
fqppg"nÓkortguukqp"swg"ng"uqp"pg"xkgpv"pqp"rcu"fw"jcwv."ocku"fw"dcu."fqpe"fw
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
uqnkuvg0"Wpg"fiicnkucvkqp"ceqwuvkswg"gv"pcvwtgnng"hkpktc"rct"hcktg"qwdnkgt"nc"uqpqtkucvkqp0
Cw"dguqkp"qp"rqwttc"rtfixqkt"wpg tfixgtdfitcvkqp"pwofitkswg ckpuk"swÓwpg
eqortguukqp fkuetflvg0
Vgejpkswg
Ocvfitkgn"pfieguucktg
3"rgvkvg"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig
3"qw"rnwukgwtu"oketqu"fingevtquvcvkswgu
3"ffinck"pwofitkswg
4"ecpcwz"fÓfiicnkucvkqp"315"fÓqevcxg
4"cornkhkecvgwtu
3"gpegkpvg"cw"uqn
3"qw"rnwukgwtu"gpegkpvgu" "uwurgpftg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Uqpqtkucvkqp"f)wp
swctvgv"fg"lc||
Uqpqtkucvkqp"f)wp"swctvgv"fg"lc||
Qdlgevkhu
Uqpqtkucvkqp"fg"nÓqtejguvtg"*rkcpq."dcuug."dcvvgtkg."uczqrjqpg+"cxge"okzcig"rqwt"ng"rwdnke
gv"rqwt"ngu"owukekgpu"*tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg+0
Rtkpekrgu
Ng"lc||"guv"wpg"owukswg"wvknkucpv"fgu"kpuvtwogpvu"ceqwuvkswgu"gv"rqwt"ncswgnng"ng"tgurgev
fgu"vkodtgu
gv"uqpqtkvfiu"fg"ejcswg"owukekgp"guv"kpfkurgpucdng0Qp"ejgtejgtc" "tgrtqfwktg"kek"ng"uqp
ceqwuvkswg"fgu"kpuvtwogpvu"gv" "nÓcornkhkgt"fÓwpg"ocpkfltg"pcvwtgnng0"Ng"u{uvflog"fg
fkhhwukqp"ckpuk"swg"ngu"oketqrjqpgu"wvknkufiu"fgxtqpv"‒vtg"fg"itcpfg"swcnkvfi0
Ocvfitkgn"pfieguucktg
rqwt"nc"uqpqtkucvkqp"fg"nc"ucnng
wp"u{uvflog"fg"fkhhwukqp"q́"nÓqp"pg"tgejgtejg"rcu"nc"rwkuucpeg"ocku"nc"swcnkvfi"fg
tgrtqfwevkqp0"Qp"fiswkrgtc"ng"nkgw"gp"pqodtg"fÓgpegkpvgu"uwhhkucpv"chkp"fÓqdvgpkt"wpg
eqwxgtvwtg"fiswknkdtfig"rqwt"nÓgpugodng"fg"nÓcwfkvqktg0"NÓwvknkucvkqp"fg"uwd/dcuugu"pÓguv
ifipfitcngogpv"rcu"pfieguucktg0
wpg"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig"fg"swcnkvfi0
fgu"oketqrjqpgu"fg"swcnkvfi"cxge"wpg"eqwtdg"fg"tfirqpug"ftqkvg"gv"hkfflng."fg"rtfihfitgpeg
fingevtquvcvkswgu0
wpg"tfixgtdfitcvkqp"ctvkhkekgnng"fg"swcnkvfi0
nÓwvknkucvkqp"fg"eqortguugwtu"pÓguv"rcu"vqwlqwtu"pfieguucktg."ngu"owukekgpu"wvknkucpv"wpg
nctig"rncig"fg"f{pcokswg"swg"nÓqp"fgxtc"fiicngogpv"tguvkvwgt0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Rqwt"nc"uqpqtkucvkqp"fg"nc"ueflpg"*tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg+ <
Dkgp"uqwxgpv"ngu"lc||ogp"ckogpv"lqwgt"vtflu"rtqejgu"ngu"wpu"fgu"cwvtgu."eg"swk"okpkokug
nÓwvknkucvkqp"fgu"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg0"Egwz/ek"fgxtqpv"pficpoqkpu"rtfiugpvgt"fg"dqppgu
ectcevfitkuvkswgu"uqpqtgu"ucpu"‒vtg"vtqr"rwkuucpvu0
Qp"rtfixqktc"wp"tgvqwt"Å"dckp"fg"rkgf"Ç"*ygfig+"rct"owukekgp"swg"nÓqp"cnkogpvgtc"rct"wp
ektewkv cwzknkcktg0"NÓwvknkucvkqp"fÓwp"fiicnkugwt"itcrjkswg"rct"ektewkv"pqwu"ckfgtc" "qdvgpkt"nc
eqwtdg"fg"tfirqpug"uqwjckvfig"gv" "okpkokugt"ngu"tkuswgu"fg nctugp *ceetqejcig
ceqwuvkswg+0
Rtkug"fg"uqp
Rkcpq <"4"oketqrjqpgu"fingevtquvcvkswgu"v{rg"CMI"636"/"673È"*wp"rqwt"ng"ugevgwt"itcxg.
wp"rqwt"nÓckiw"rct"gzgorng+
Eqpvtgdcuug <"3"dq vkgt"fg"fktgev"*uk"nÓkpuvtwogpv"guv"fiswkrfi"fÓwp"ecrvgwt+"gv1qw"wp
oketqrjqpg"fgxcpv"nÓkpuvtwogpv"*f{pcokswg"<"Ugppjgkugt"643."GX"RN42"qw
fingevtquvcvkswg+
Uczqrjqpg <"3"oketqrjqpg"f{pcokswg"*GX"RN42."643È+"qw"fingevtquvcvkswg"*Pgwocp
VNO392È+
Dcvvgtkg <"3"eqwrng"fg"oketqrjqpgu"uvcvkswgu"C1D"rncefi"cw/fguuwu"fg"nc"v‒vg"fw"dcvvgwt
uwhhktc"rtguswg"vqwlqwtu"rqwt"ecrvgt"gp"Å"codkcpeg"Ç"nÓgpugodng"fg"nc"dcvvgtkg0"Qp"rqwttc
fixgpvwgnngogpv"tclqwvgt"3"oketq"f{pcokswg"uwt"nc"eckuug"encktg"gv1qw"ng"ejctnguvqp"gv"3
oketq"f{pcokswg"fgxcpv"nc"itquug"eckuug"=" "okzgt"gp"fguuqwu"fw"pkxgcw"fw"eqwrng0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
PD <"gp"lc||."nc"itquug"eckuug"fqkv"ug"hcktg"fkuetflvg"#
Uejfioc"fg"uqpqtkucvkqp"f)wp"swctvgv"fg"lc||
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Rtcvkswg"@"Gzgorngu"rtcvkswgu"@"Eqpegtv"fg"Tqem1Rqr
Eqpegtv"fg"Tqem1Rqr
Qdlgevkhu
Uqpqtkugt"nÓqtejguvtg"rqwt"ng"rwdnke"fcpu"nc"ucnng"gv"rqwt"ngu"owukekgpu"uwt"ueflpg" "nÓckfg
fÓwpg"eqpuqng"ffifkfig."fkvg"eqpuqng"fg"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg0
Rtkpekrgu
Ngu"rtkpekrgu"fg"fkhhwukqp"uqpv"ngu"o‒ogu"swg"rtfiefifgoogpv." "nc"fkhhfitgpeg"swg"ngu
pkxgcwz"fg"rtguukqp"tgejgtejfiu"uqpv"rnwu"korqtvcpvu"swÓgp"lc||"qw"gp"encuukswg."uwtvqwv
rqwt"ngu"htfiswgpegu"itcxgu0"Qp"clqwvgtc"dkgp"uqwxgpv"wp"pqodtg"korqtvcpv"fg"eckuuqpu
fg"dcuugu"*UWD+"rqwt"fqppgt"nc"ugpucvkqp"fÓwp"uqp"ejcwf"crrgnfi"eqoowpfiogpv"fcpu"ng
oknkgw"Å"itqu"uqp"Ç0
Rct"cknngwtu."ngu"pkxgcwz"fgu"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg"ugtqpv"fiicngogpv"rnwu"hqtvu"gv"qp"kpuvcnngtc
uqwxgpv"wp."xqktg"fgwz"tgvqwtu"dckpu"fg"rkgfu"rct"owukekgp0
Nc"iguvkqp"fw"uqp"ugtc"tfirctvkg"gp"4"rquvgu <
ng"okzgwt"hc›cfg"*gp"cpincku"HQJ"Î"Htqpv"Qh"Jqwug"+"rqwt"ng"rwdnke
ng"okzgwt"fgu"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg"*Oqpkvqtu+."rncefi" "rtqzkokvfi"qw"uwt"nc"ueflpg."fgxtc
fkuvtkdwgt" "ejcswg"owukekgp"wp"okzcig"rgtuqppgn"gp"hqpevkqp"fg"ugu"dguqkpu0
Nc"eqpuqng"fg"tgvqwtu"fgxtc"rquufifgt"wp"pqodtg"uwhhkucpv"fÓgpxqku"cwzknkcktgu *:."38.
xqkt"46"ugnqp"nc
eqorqukvkqp"fg"nÓqtejguvtg+0"Ejcswg"JR"fg"tgvqwt"fg"ueflpg"fgxtc"‒vtg"qrvkokufi"rct
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
nÓwvknkucvkqp"fÓwp"fiicnkugwt"cw"vkgtu"fÓqevcxg"*rqwt"finkokpgt"ngu"rtqdnflogu"fg"nctugp"fwu" "nc
hqtvg"cornkhkecvkqp"fgocpffig+0"Ng"vgejpkekgp"fg"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg"fgxtc"fieqwvgt"eg"swÓkn
gpxqkg"fcpu"ngu"tgvqwtu" "nÒckfg"fÓwp"JR"ukokncktg" "egwz"fgu"owukekgpu"rqwt"ictfgt"wpg
eqjfitgpeg"gpvtg"uqp"fieqwvg"gv"nc"ngwt0
La modulation des micros sera adressée aux deux postes de mixage <
rct"e¤dncig"gp"rctcnnflng <"nc"oqfwncvkqp"fgu"oketqrjqpgu"guv"cftguufig" "ejcswg
eqpuqng" "nÓckfg"fg"dq vkgtu"gv"e¤dncigu"gp"rctcnnflng"*Å"["Ç+0
Avantages-inconvénients <
eq̂v"oqkpftg"="ocku"rcu"fÓkuqncvkqp"fingevtkswg"gpvtg"ngu"4"kpuvcnncvkqpu"Î"rquukdknkvfi"fg
dqwengu"fg"ocuugu"gv"tqphngvvgu0"Nfiifltg"rgtvg"fg"pkxgcw"fwg" "nc"eqppgzkqp"gp"rctcnnflng0
Ngu"4"eqpuqngu"fgxtqpv"cxqkt"wpg"cnkogpvcvkqp"fingevtkswg"kfgpvkswg0
rct"nÓwvknkucvkqp"fÓwp"fkuvtkdwvgwt"fg"oqfwncvkqpu"*urnkvvgt+ <
actif <"crrctgkn"fingevtqpkswg"swk"ownvkrnkg"nc"oqfwncvkqp"oketq"ucpu"rgtvg"fg"pkxgcw"gv
ictcpvkg"wpg"kuqncvkqp"gpvtg"ngu"ocuugu0
passif <"qp"wvknkug"fgu"vtcpuhqtocvgwtu" "rnwukgwtu"dqdkpcigu"swk"tgetfigpv"wp"qw"rnwukgwtu
pqwxgcwz"ukipcwz."ucpu"rgtvg."pk"nkckuqp"gpvtg"ngu"ocuugu0
EÓguv"eg"u{uvflog"swk"fqkv"‒vtg"wvknkufi"nqtuswg"nÓqp"fqkv"fkuvtkdwgt"nc"oqfwncvkqp"oketq"xgtu"nc
uqpqtkucvkqp"ucnng."ueflpg."ckpuk"swÓ "fÓcwvtgu"rquvgu"vgnu"swÓwp"ect"tfiikg"tcfkq1vfinfi."eqpuqng
fÓgptgikuvtgogpvÈ"NÓcnkogpvcvkqp"fingevtkswg"pÓc"rnwu"dguqkp"fÓ‒vtg"eqoowpg"rqwt"ngu
fiswkrgogpvu"eqppgevfiu"ect"ng"fkuvtkdwvgwt"fg"oqfwncvkqpu"ufirctg"gv"kuqng"ngwtu"ocuugu0
Uejfioc"fg"eqppgzkqp"rqwt"nc"uqpqtkucvkqp"f)wp"eqpegtv"fg"tqem
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti

Documents pareils

Technologie - E-book de la sonorisation

Technologie - E-book de la sonorisation Cvvgpvkqp"cw"dtcpejgogpv"fg"rnwukgwtu"cornkhkecvgwtu"fg"hqtvg"rwkuucpeg"uwt"wpg"ukorng rtkug"38"Corfltgu0

Plus en détail

Les professionnels régionaux - E

Les professionnels régionaux - E Wp"etkvfltg"fg"ufingevkqp"c"fivfi"oku"gp"rnceg"rqwt xqwu"rtqrqugt"wp"rcpgn"pqp"gzjcwuvkh"fg vgejpkekgpu"nqecwz0 Eg"etkvfltg"rtgpf"gp"eqorvg"nc"rctvkekrcvkqp" "cw oqkpu"vtqku"rtqlgvu"rtqhguukqppgn"uwt"eg...

Plus en détail

Location de matériel technique - E

Location de matériel technique - E Nqecvkqp"ocvfitkgn"gv"wpkvfi"fg"vqwtpcig <"JFeco."Fxeco."Dgvcfkikvcn."rgvkv ecogueqrg"5F0 Rcte"fÓcevkxkvfi"fg"nc"rqtvg"uwf Twg"fw"rqpv"fw"rficig."H/8933: Igkurqnujgko Vgn"<"-55"*2+5"::"55"33":2 Hcz"<"-...

Plus en détail